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近日，外汇局宁波市分局完成鄞州银行跨境金融区块链服务平台银行直联现场验收工作。 2020-12-18/ningbo/2020/1218/1517.html
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为进一步贯彻落实经常项目外汇新政，提升铜陵辖区外汇业务综合水平，近日，铜陵市中心支局对银行和财务公司的外汇从业人员进行了外汇业务综合培训，全辖共计59人参训。 此次培训逐条梳理了《经常项目外汇业务指引（2020年版）》，解读了外汇局颁布的多项便利化政策，对参训人员提出的问题予以现场解答，并进行了外汇知识测试，帮助参训人员加深对政策的理解与掌握，进一步提升外汇从业人员的业务能力，获得了参训人员的一致好评。 2020-12-18/anhui/2020/1218/1594.html
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As shown in the statistics of the State Administration of Foreign Exchange (SAFE), in November 2020, the amount of foreign exchange settlement and sales by banks was RMB 1163.6 billion and RMB 1143.9 billion, respectively, with a surplus of RMB 19.7 billion. In the US dollar terms, the amount of foreign exchange settlement and sales by banks was USD 176.1 billion and USD 173.1 billion, respectively, with a surplus of USD 3.0 billion. During January to November 2020, the accumulative amount of foreign exchange settlement and sales by banks was RMB 12441.1 billion and RMB 11798.5 billion, respectively, with an accumulative surplus of RMB 642.5 billion. In the US dollar terms, the accumulative amount of foreign exchange settlement and sales by banks was USD 1795.6 billion and USD 1703.4 billion, respectively, with an accumulative surplus of USD 92.1 billion. In November 2020, the amount of cross-border receipts and payments by non-banking sectors was RMB 2800.9 billion and RMB 2798.6 billion, respectively, with a surplus of RMB 2.3 billion. During January to November 2020, the accumulative amount of cross-border receipts and payments by non-banking sectors was RMB 26904.3 billion and RMB 26473.2 billion, respectively, with an accumulative surplus of RMB 431.1 billion. In the US dollar terms, in November 2020, the amount of cross-border receipts and payments by non-banking sectors was USD 423.9 billion and USD 423.6 billion, respectively, with a surplus of USD 0.4 billion. During January to November 2020, the accumulative amount of cross-border receipts and payments by non-banking sectors was USD 3887.4 billion and USD 3824.5 billion, respectively, with an accumulative surplus of USD 62.9 billion. Addendum: Glossary and relevant definitions Balance of payments (BOP) refers to all economic transactions between residents and non-residents. Foreign exchange settlement and sales by banks refers to settlement and sale transaction that bank executes for customers and for the banks themselves, including statistic data on settlements of forward contracts for foreign exchange settlement and sales and the exercises of option, and excluding the transactions in the interbank foreign exchange market. The statistic reporting date of Foreign exchange settlement and sales by banks should be the trade day of the Foreign exchange settlement and sales transaction. By definition, foreign exchange settlement means foreign exchange holders sell foreign exchange to designated foreign exchange bank, and foreign exchange sales means designated bank sells foreign exchange to foreign exchange buyers. The net position of foreign exchange settlement and foreign exchange sales could be position squared through transactions on the inter-bank foreign exchange market, and it is one of the major contributors to the country’s foreign exchange reserve fluctuation, though it is not equal to net change in foreign exchange reserves during the same period Unlike the principle of balance-of-payments statistics, which cover the transactions between residents and non-residents, foreign exchange settlement and sales by banks only cover transactions of RMB and foreign currencies between banks and customers or on banks for themselves. The newly signed contract amount of forward foreign exchange settlement and sales refers to the binding forward contract between designated foreign exchange bank and client that predetermines foreign exchange currency, amount, exchange rate and tenor which to be executed upon maturity. The newly signed forward contract enables corporate to lock in advance the exchange rate for the purchase or sale of a currency on a future date to manage relevant foreign exchange risk arising from RMB volatility. In general, bank will hedge its foreign exchange risk exposures arise from the newly signed forward contract in the Interbank foreign exchange market. For example, when bank has net foreign exchange long position, bank will short the equivalent amount of foreign exchange in the Interbank foreign exchange market in advance, or vice versa. Therefore, the newly signed contract amount of forward foreign exchange settlement and sales is also one of contributors to China’s foreign exchange reserve fluctuation. The unwind amount of forward foreign exchange settlement and sales refers to, where client is unable to perform the original forward contract due to change in its real demand, client to fully or partially close its forward position by executing another deal with opposite direction to the original contract. The rolling amount of forward foreign exchange settlement and sales refers to client to adjust the settlement date of original contract due to change in its real demand. The outstanding amount of forward foreign exchange settlement and sales by the end of the current period refers to the total amount of forward contracts accumulated from all non-matured forward contracts with client. The newly signed contract amount and the outstanding amount should satisfy the equation that: the outstanding amount of forward foreign exchange settlement and sales by the end of the current period = the outstanding amount of forward foreign exchange settlement and sales at the end of the previous period + the newly signed contract amount of forward foreign exchange settlement and sales for the period - settlements of forward contracts for foreign exchange settlement and sales for the period - the unwind amount of forward foreign exchange settlement and sales for the period. The net Delta exposure of outstanding options refers to the implied foreign exchange spot risk exposure from outstanding option contracts that bank executed with client. Bank shall hedge such risk in the foreign exchange market for risk management during deal life cycle. The cross-border receipts and payments by non-banking sectors refers to the receipts and payments between domestic non-banking sectors (including institutional and individual residents) and non-residents through domestic banks, excluding receipts and payments in cash. In particular, the statistics includes cross-border receipts and payments between non-banking sectors and non-residents through domestic banks (including RMB and foreign currency), and domestic receipts and payments between non-banking sectors and non-residents through domestic banks (temporarily excluding domestic receipts and payments in RMB between individual residents and non-resident individuals). Data are collected when customers conduct receipts and payments with non-resident counterparties at domestic banks. Specifically, the receipts refer to the capital of non-banking sectors received from non-residents via domestic banks; the payments refer to the capital of non-banking sectors paid to non-residents via domestic banks. The cross-border receipts and payments by non-banking sectors is based on cash basis, different from the accrual basis required by the Balance of Payments Statistics. The statistics merely reflects the cash flows between non-banking sectors and non-residents and does not include barter transactions or transactions with non-residents conducted by the banks themselves. Therefore, the scope of the statistics is narrower than that of the Balance of Payments Statistics. 2020-12-18/en/2020/1218/1778.html
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国家外汇管理局统计数据显示，2020年11月，银行结汇11636亿元人民币，售汇11439亿元人民币，结售汇顺差197亿元人民币；按美元计值，银行结汇1761亿美元，售汇1731亿美元，结售汇顺差30亿美元。 2020年1-11月，银行累计结汇124411亿元人民币，累计售汇117985亿元人民币，累计结售汇顺差6425亿元人民币；按美元计值，银行累计结汇17956亿美元，累计售汇17034亿美元，累计结售汇顺差921亿美元。 2020年11月，银行代客涉外收入28009亿元人民币，对外付款27986亿元人民币，涉外收付款顺差23亿元人民币。2020年1-11月，银行代客累计涉外收入269043亿元人民币，累计对外付款264732亿元人民币，累计涉外收付款顺差4311亿元人民币。 按美元计值，2020年11月，银行代客涉外收入4239亿美元，对外付款4236亿美元，涉外收付款顺差4亿美元。2020年1-11月，银行代客累计涉外收入38874亿美元，累计对外付款38245亿美元，累计涉外收付款顺差629亿美元。 附：名词解释和相关说明 国际收支是指我国居民与非居民间发生的一切经济交易。 银行结售汇是指银行为客户及其自身办理的结汇和售汇业务，包括远期结售汇履约和期权行权数据，不包括银行间外汇市场交易数据。银行结售汇统计时点为人民币与外汇兑换行为发生时。其中，结汇是指外汇所有者将外汇卖给外汇指定银行，售汇是指外汇指定银行将外汇卖给外汇使用者。结售汇差额是结汇与售汇的轧差数。银行结售汇形成的差额将通过银行在银行间外汇市场买卖平盘，是引起我国外汇储备变化的主要来源之一，但其不等于同期外汇储备的增减额。 银行结售汇不按居民与非居民交易的原则进行统计，且其仅包括银行与客户及其自身之间发生的本外币买卖，即人民币和外汇的兑换交易，不同于国际收支交易的统计范围。 远期结售汇签约是指银行与客户协商签订远期结汇（售汇）合同，约定将来办理结汇（售汇）的外汇币种、金额、汇率和期限；到期外汇收入（支出）发生时，即按照远期结汇（售汇）合同订明的币种、金额、汇率办理结汇（售汇）。远期结售汇业务使得企业可提前锁定未来结汇或售汇的汇率，从而有效规避人民币汇率变动的风险。银行一般会通过银行间外汇市场来对冲远期结售汇业务形成的风险敞口。比如，当银行签订的远期结汇大于远期售汇时，银行一般会将同等金额的外汇提前在银行间外汇市场卖出，反之亦然。因而远期结售汇也是影响我国外汇储备变化的一个因素。 远期结售汇平仓是指客户因真实需求背景发生变更、无法履行资金交割义务，对原交易反向平盘，了结部分或全部远期头寸的行为。 远期结售汇展期是指客户因真实需求背景发生变更，调整原交易交割时间的行为。 本期末远期结售汇累计未到期额是指银行与客户签订的远期结汇和售汇合同在本期末仍未到期的余额；差额是指未到期远期结汇和售汇余额之差。签约额与累计未到期额之间的关系为：本期末远期结售汇累计未到期额=上期末远期结售汇累计未到期额+本期远期结售汇签约额-本期远期结售汇履约额-本期远期结售汇平仓额。 未到期期权Delta净敞口是指银行对客户办理的期权业务在本期末累计未到期合约所隐含的即期汇率风险敞口。银行为管理这部分风险敞口，在期权合约存续期间通常会在外汇市场进行对冲。 银行代客涉外收付款是指境内非银行居民机构和个人（统称非银行部门）通过境内银行与非居民机构和个人之间发生的收付款，不包括现钞收付和银行自身涉外收付款。具体包括：非银行部门和非居民之间通过境内银行发生的跨境收付款（包括外汇和人民币），以及非银行部门和非居民之间通过境内银行发生的境内收付款（暂不包括境内居民个人与境内非居民个人之间发生的人民币收付款），统计时点为客户在境内银行办理涉外收付款时。其中，银行代客涉外收入是指非银行部门通过境内银行从非居民收入的款项，银行代客对外支出是指非银行部门通过境内银行向非居民支付的款项。 银行代客涉外收付款是国际收支统计的组成部分，但其统计原则与国际收支采用的权责发生制原则不同，采用资金收付制原则，且其仅反映境内非银行部门与非居民之间的资金流动状况，不能反映实物交易和银行自身的涉外交易，统计范围小于国际收支统计。 2020-12-18/safe/2020/1218/17834.html
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日前，国家外汇管理局公布了2020年11月份银行结售汇和银行代客涉外收付款数据。国家外汇管理局副局长、新闻发言人王春英就2020年11月份外汇收支形势回答了记者提问。 问：2020年11月份我国外汇收支形势有何变化？ 答：11月份我国外汇市场运行稳健，跨境收支交易趋于自主平衡。从主要指标表现看，银行结售汇顺差30亿美元，非银行部门跨境收支顺差4亿美元，显示当前外汇市场交易理性有序，跨境资金流动总体均衡。11月末，外汇储备余额31785亿美元，规模保持基本稳定。 市场主体结售汇意愿总体平稳。11月，衡量企业结汇意愿的结汇率，也就是客户向银行卖出外汇与客户涉外外汇收入之比为63%，与上年同期基本持平；衡量购汇意愿的售汇率，也就是客户从银行买汇与客户涉外外汇支出之比为65%，同比略降1个百分点。 主要渠道跨境资金流动有增有减、合理分化。11月，在海关进出口顺差增长带动下，货物贸易结售汇顺差同比增加55亿美元；服务贸易结售汇逆差同比收窄56亿美元，继续保持低位；跨境双向直接投资保持活跃，资金净流入规模与上年同期基本持平；股票项下双向投资基本稳定，其中“陆股通”渠道外资净买入A股579亿元人民币，“港股通”渠道居民净买入H股601亿元人民币。 当前，外汇市场运行平稳有序，跨境资金流动双向均衡，但新冠肺炎疫情发展和外部环境仍存在诸多不确定性，金融机构和企业要树立“风险中性”意识，管理好经营风险。 2020-12-18/safe/2020/1218/17835.html
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近日，泸州老窖集团在工行泸州分行通过其国内资金主账户办理一笔港元外债资金入账业务，标志着泸州跨国公司跨境资金集中运营首笔业务成功落地。 今年以来，泸州市中心支局加大对跨国公司跨境资金集中运营业务的宣传和解读力度，并对意向企业泸州老窖集团进行一对一辅导和培育。在四川分局大力指导支持下，经过今年两次召开专题政策培训会、指定工行泸州分行为主要对接银行、多次讨论具体入池企业名单、签订跨国公司跨境资金集中运营框架协议、对业务备案资料初审等系列工作后，于今年10月对该集团公司作为主办企业开展跨国公司跨境资金集中运营业务（含7家境内成员企业，4家境外成员企业）给予备案，可集中调配外债额度26.01亿美元、境外放款额度3.12亿美元。 2020-12-17/sichuan/2020/1217/1440.html
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问：境内个人从事跨境电子商务，如何办理外汇结算？ 答：根据《国家外汇管理局关于印发<经常项目外汇业务指引（2020年版）>的通知》（汇发〔2020〕14号）附件1《经常项目外汇业务指引（2020年版）》第六十六条规定境内个人从事跨境电子商务，可通过本人外汇账户办理跨境电子商务外汇结算。 2020-12-21/tianjin/2020/1221/1562.html
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2020年12月26日，人民银行、银保监会、证监会、外汇局等金融管理部门联合约谈了蚂蚁集团。中国人民银行副行长潘功胜代表四部门就约谈情况回答了记者的提问。 问：此次约谈的背景是什么？ 答：党中央高度重视金融科技和平台企业的规范健康发展。近期中央政治局会议、中央经济工作会议对强化反垄断和防止资本无序扩张等作出了一系列重要部署，对做好相关金融管理工作提出了明确要求。金融管理部门将以此为根本遵循，依法依规监管金融市场主体，严肃查处违法违规行为，强化约束资本无序扩张，维护公平竞争和金融市场秩序。 蚂蚁集团成立以来，在发展金融科技、提高金融服务效率和普惠性方面发挥了创新作用。作为金融科技和平台经济领域具有重大影响力的企业，蚂蚁集团必须自觉遵守国家法律法规，必须将企业发展融入到国家发展大局中，必须切实承担企业社会责任。 此次金融管理部门约谈蚂蚁集团，主要目的是督促指导蚂蚁集团深入贯彻党中央、国务院有关精神，按照市场化、法治化原则，落实金融监管、公平竞争和保护消费者合法权益等要求，进一步规范金融业务经营与发展。 问：约谈的主要内容是什么？ 答：金融管理部门根据金融法律法规及监管要求，指出了蚂蚁集团目前经营中存在的主要问题：公司治理机制不健全；法律意识淡漠，藐视监管合规要求，存在违规监管套利行为；利用市场优势地位排斥同业经营者；损害消费者合法权益，引发消费者投诉等。 金融管理部门对蚂蚁集团提出了重点业务领域的整改要求：一是回归支付本源，提升交易透明度，严禁不正当竞争。二是依法持牌、合法合规经营个人征信业务，保护个人数据隐私。三是依法设立金融控股公司，严格落实监管要求，确保资本充足、关联交易合规。四是完善公司治理，按审慎监管要求严格整改违规信贷、保险、理财等金融活动。五是依法合规开展证券基金业务，强化证券类机构治理，合规开展资产证券化业务。 蚂蚁集团要充分认识到整改的严肃性和必要性，对标监管要求，尽快制定整改方案和实施时间表。同时，要加强风险管控，保持业务连续性和企业正常经营，确保对公众的金融服务质量。 金融管理部门将与蚂蚁集团保持密切沟通，充分听取其意见建议。 问：金融管理部门对金融科技监管的政策取向是什么？ 答：金融管理部门将一如既往鼓励、支持金融科技企业在服务实体经济和遵从审慎监管的前提下守正创新，推动金融科技成为助推国内国际双循环的重要力量。金融科技企业要坚守服务实体经济和人民群众的本源，树立严格遵守金融监管要求的合规意识、坚决维护公平竞争环境的市场意识、以消费者权益保护为核心的服务意识。 未来监管的政策取向将遵循以下原则：一是坚决打破垄断，纠正、查处不正当竞争行为，维护公平竞争市场秩序。二是坚持所有金融活动必须依法依规纳入监管，坚持金融业务必须持牌经营，坚持对各类违法违规行为“零容忍”。三是坚持“两个毫不动摇”，依法保护产权，弘扬企业家精神，激发市场主体活力和社会创造力，增强我国金融科技企业在全球的核心竞争力。 金融科技及互联网平台公司是新事物，且快速创新演进，出现很多新特点。金融管理部门将继续加强国际监管交流与合作，共同推进金融科技创新和金融体系健康发展。 2020-12-27/safe/2020/1227/17893.html
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As at the end of September 2020, China recorded RMB 15.6252 trillion in outstanding external debt denominated in both domestic and foreign currencies (equivalent to USD 2.2944 trillion, excluding those of Hong Kong SAR China, Macao SAR China, and Taiwan Province China, the same below). With respect to the term structure, the outstanding medium- and long-term external debt was RMB 6.8019 trillion (USD 998.8 billion), accounting for 44%; while the outstanding short-term external debt was RMB 8.8233 trillion (USD 1.2956 trillion), taking up 56%, including 40% trade-related credit. In terms of institutions and sectors, the outstanding debt of government totaled RMB 2.2293 trillion (USD 327.3 billion), accounting for 14%; the outstanding debt of the central bank totaled RMB 270 billion(USD 39.7 billion), accounting for 2%; the outstanding debt of banks totaled RMB 7.3425 trillion (USD 1078.2 billion), taking up 47%; the outstanding debt of other sectors (including inter-company lending under direct investments) totaled RMB 5.7834 trillion (USD 849.2 billion), taking up 37%; In terms of debt instruments, the outstanding of loans was RMB 3.2183 trillion (USD 472.6 billion), accounting for 21%; the outstanding of trade credit and prepayment was RMB 2.3821 trillion (USD 349.8 billion), accounting for 15%; the outstanding of currency and deposits was RMB 3.4108 trillion (USD 500.9 billion), accounting for 22%; the outstanding of debt securities was RMB 4.4352 trillion (USD 651.3 billion), accounting for 28%; the Special Drawing Rights (SDR) allocation amounted to RMB 67 billion (USD 9.8 billion), accounting for 0.5%. The outstanding debt of inter-company lending under direct investments totaled RMB 1.7422 trillion (USD 255.8 billion), accounting for 11%; and the outstanding of other debt liabilities was RMB 369.6 billion (USD 54.2 billion), accounting for 2.5%. With respect to currency structures, the outstanding external debt in domestic currency totaled RMB 6.1089 trillion (USD 897 billion), accounting for 39%; the outstanding external debt in foreign currencies (including SDR allocation) totaled RMB 9.5163 trillion (USD 1.3974 trillion), accounting for 61%. In the total outstanding registered external debt in foreign currencies, the USD debt accounted for 84%, the Euro debt accounted for 8%, the HKD debt accounted for 4%, the JPY debt accounted for 2%, the SDR and other foreign currency-denominated external debt accounted for 2%. China’s major external debt metrics were all within the internationally recognized thresholds, indicating that the external debt risk is controllable on the whole. Appendix Definition of terms and interpretations External debt classification by term structure. There are two methods to classify the external debt by term structure. One is on the basis of the contract term,i.e. it is classified as medium- and long-term external debt if the contract term is over one year, and classified as short-term external debt if the contract term is one year or less; the other is on the basis of the remaining term, i.e.,on the basis of the contract term classification method above, the medium- and long-term external debt due within one year is classified as short-term external debt. In this news release, external debt is divided into medium- and long-term external debt and short-term external debt based on the contract term. Trade-related credit is a broad concept. In addition to trade credit and prepayment, it also involves other kinds of credit provided for trade activities. As it is defined,trade-related credit includes trade credit and prepayment, bank trade financing, short-term notes related to trade, and so forth. In particular, trade credit and prepayment refer to external liability arising from directly extending credit between the seller and buyer of goods transactions, specifically transactions between residents in the Chinese Mainland and overseas non-residents (including non-residents in Hong Kong SAR, Macao SAR, and Taiwan Province), i.e., the debt incurred due to the difference between the time of payment and the time of the goods ownership transfer, which include credit directly provided by the supplier (e.g., the overseas exporter) for goods and services, and advance payments made by buyers(e.g., overseas importers) for goods, services, and on-going business (or business to be undertaken). Bank trade financing refers to trade related loans that offered by a third party(e.g., banks) to exporters or importers, for instance, loans extended by foreign financial institutions or export credit agencies to buyers. Annexed table：China’s Gross External Debt Position by Sector, End of September 2020 End of September 2020 End of September 2020 （Unit:100 million RMB） （Unit:100 million US dollars） General Government 22293 3273 Short-term 444 65 Currency and deposits 0 0 Debt securities 444 65 Loans 0 0 Trade credit and advances 0 0 Other debt liabilities 0 0 Long-term 21849 3208 Currency and deposits 0 0 Debt securities 0 0 Loans 18820 2763 Trade credit and advances 3029 445 Other debt liabilities 0 0 Currency and deposits 0 0 Central Bank 2700 397 Short-term 1856 273 Currency and deposits 906 133 Debt securities 950 140 Loans 0 0 Trade credit and advances 0 0 Other debt liabilities 0 0 Long-term 844 124 Special drawing rights 670 98 Currency and deposits 0 0 Debt securities 0 0 Loans 0 0 Trade credit and advances 0 0 Other debt liabilities 174 26 Other Depository Corporations 73425 10782 Short-term 53474 7852 Currency and deposits 33193 4874 Debt securities 4154 610 Loans 15772 2316 Trade credit and advances 0 0 Other debt liabilities 355 52 Long-term 19951 2930 Currency and deposits 0 0 Debt securities 14287 2098 Loans 5593 822 Trade credit and advances 0 0 Other debt liabilities 71 10 Other Sectors 40412 5934 Short-term 28269 4151 Currency and deposits 9 1 Debt securities 123 18 Loans 3219 473 Trade credit and advances 23405 3437 Other debt liabilities 1513 222 Long-term 12143 1783 Currency and deposits 0 0 Debt securities 5575 819 Loans 4570 671 Trade credit and advances 417 61 Other debt liabilities 1581 232 Direct Investment: Intercompany Lending 17422 2558 Debt liabilities of direct investment enterprises to direct investors 10546 1548 Debt liabilities of direct investors to direct investment enterprises 818 120 Debt liabilities to affiliated enterprises 6058 890 Gross External Debt Position 156252 22944 Notes: 1. The short-term and long-term herein are broken down by contractual (original) maturity. 2. The data in this table have been rounded off. 2020-12-25/en/2020/1225/1780.html
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截至2020年9月末，我国全口径（含本外币）外债余额为156252亿元人民币（等值22944亿美元，不包括中国香港特区、中国澳门特区和中国台湾地区对外负债，下同）。 从期限结构看，中长期外债余额为68019亿元人民币（等值9988亿美元），占44%；短期外债余额为88233亿元人民币（等值12956亿美元），占56%。短期外债余额中，与贸易有关的信贷占40%。 从机构部门看，广义政府外债余额为22293亿元人民币（等值3273亿美元），占14%；中央银行外债余额为2700亿元人民币（等值397亿美元），占2%；银行外债余额为73425亿元人民币（等值10782亿美元），占47%；其他部门（含直接投资：公司间贷款）外债余额为57834亿元人民币（等值8492亿美元），占37%。 从债务工具看，贷款余额为32183亿元人民币（等值4726亿美元），占21%；贸易信贷与预付款余额为23821亿元人民币（等值3498亿美元），占15%；货币与存款余额为34108亿元人民币（等值5009亿美元），占22%；债务证券余额为44352亿元人民币（等值6513亿美元），占28%；特别提款权（SDR）分配为670亿元人民币（等值98亿美元），占0.5%；直接投资：公司间贷款债务余额为17422亿元人民币（等值2558亿美元），占11%；其他债务负债余额为3696亿元人民币（等值542亿美元），占2.5%。 从币种结构看，本币外债余额为61089亿元人民币（等值8970亿美元），占39%；外币外债余额（含SDR分配）为95163亿元人民币（等值13974亿美元），占61%。在外币登记外债余额中，美元债务占84%，欧元债务占8%，港币债务占4%，日元债务占2%，特别提款权和其他外币外债合计占比为2%。 我国外债主要指标均在国际公认的安全线以内，外债风险总体可控。 附 名词解释及相关说明 关于外债期限结构分类。按照期限结构对外债进行分类，有两种分类方法。一是按照签约期限划分，即合同期限在一年以上的外债为中长期外债，合同期限在一年或一年以下的外债为短期外债；二是按照剩余期限划分，即在签约期限划分的基础上，将未来一年内到期的中长期外债纳入到短期外债中。本新闻稿按签约期限划分中长期外债和短期外债。 与贸易有关的信贷是一个较广义的概念，除贸易信贷与预付款外，它还包括为贸易活动提供的其他信贷。从定义上看，与贸易有关的信贷包括贸易信贷与预付款、银行贸易融资、与贸易有关的短期票据等。其中，贸易信贷与预付款是指发生在中国大陆居民与境外（含港、澳、台地区）非居民之间，由货物交易的卖方和买方之间直接提供信贷而产生对外负债，即由于商品的资金支付时间与货物所有权发生转移的时间不同而形成的债务。具体包括供应商（如境外出口商）为商品交易和服务直接提供信贷，以及购买者（如境外进口商）为商品和服务以及进行中（或准备承担）的工作预先付款；银行贸易融资是指第三方（如银行）向出口商或进口商提供的与贸易有关的贷款，如外国金融机构或出口信贷机构向买方提供的贷款。 附表：中国2020年9月末按部门划分的外债总额头寸 2020年9月末 2020年9月末 （亿元人民币） （亿美元） 广义政府 22293 3273 短期 444 65 货币与存款 0 0 债务证券 444 65 贷款 0 0 贸易信贷与预付款 0 0 其他债务负债 0 0 长期 21849 3208 SDR分配 0 0 货币与存款 0 0 债务证券 18820 2763 贷款 3029 445 贸易信贷与预付款 0 0 其他债务负债 0 0 中央银行 2700 397 短期 1856 273 货币与存款 906 133 债务证券 950 140 贷款 0 0 贸易信贷与预付款 0 0 其他债务负债 0 0 长期 844 124 SDR分配 670 98 货币与存款 0 0 债务证券 0 0 贷款 0 0 贸易信贷与预付款 0 0 其他债务负债 174 26 其他接受存款公司 73425 10782 短期 53474 7852 货币与存款 33193 4874 债务证券 4154 610 贷款 15772 2316 贸易信贷与预付款 0 0 其他债务负债 355 52 长期 19951 2930 货币与存款 0 0 债务证券 14287 2098 贷款 5593 822 贸易信贷与预付款 0 0 其他债务负债 71 10 其他部门 40412 5934 短期 28269 4151 货币与存款 9 1 债务证券 123 18 贷款 3219 473 贸易信贷与预付款 23405 3437 其他债务负债 1513 222 长期 12143 1783 货币与存款 0 0 债务证券 5575 819 贷款 4570 671 贸易信贷与预付款 417 61 其他债务负债 1581 232 直接投资：公司间贷款 17422 2558 直接投资企业对直接投资者的债务负债 10546 1548 直接投资者对直接投资企业的债务负债 818 120 对关联企业的债务负债 6058 890 外债总额头寸 156252 22944 注：1. 本表按签约期限划分长期、短期外债。 2. 本表统计采用四舍五入法。 2020-12-25/safe/2020/1225/17884.html