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见附件。 附件1: 2019年中国外汇市场交易概况-以美元计价 附件2: 2019年中国外汇市场交易概况-以人民币计价 2020-01-17/safe/2019/0222/11417.html
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As shown in the statistics of the StateAdministration of Foreign Exchange (SAFE), in December 2019, the amount offoreign exchange settlement and sales by banks was RMB 1260.8 billion and RMB 1245.2billion, respectively, with a settlement of RMB 15.6 billion. In the US dollarterms，the amount of foreign exchange settlement andsales by banks was USD 179.8 billion and USD 177.6 billion, respectively, witha settlement of USD 2.2 billion. In particular, the amount of foreign exchangesettlement and sales by banks for customers was RMB 1189.2 billion and RMB 1163.6billion, respectively, with a settlement of RMB 25.5 billion; the amount offoreign exchange settlement and sales for banks themselves was RMB 71.6 billionand RMB 81.6 billion, respectively, with a deficit of RMB 10 billion. Duringthe period, newly signed contract amount of forward foreign exchange settlementand sales was RMB 142.5 billion and RMB 34.8 billion, respectively, with a net newlysigned contract amount of forward foreign exchange settlement of RMB 107.7billion. At the end of December, outstanding amount of forward foreign exchangesettlement and sales by the end of the current period was RMB 515.8 billion andRMB 421.9 billion, respectively, with a net outstanding amount of forward foreignexchange settlement of RMB 93.8 billion; the net Delta exposure of outstandingoptions was RMB -266.6 billion. During January to December 2019, theaccumulative amount of foreign exchange settlement and sales by banks was RMB 12763.4billion and RMB 13147.7 billion, with an accumulative deficit of RMB 384.3billion. In the US dollar terms, the accumulative amount of foreign exchangesettlement and sales by banks was USD 1849.3 billion and USD 1905.3 billion,with an accumulative deficit of USD 56 billion. In particular, the accumulativeamount of foreign exchange settlement and sales by banks for customers was RMB 11791.8billion and RMB 12089 billion, respectively, with an accumulative deficit ofRMB 297.3 billion; the accumulative amount of foreign exchange settlement andsales for banks themselves was RMB 971.6 billion and RMB 1058.7 billion,respectively, with an accumulative deficit of RMB 87.1 billion. During theperiod, newly signed contract amount of forward foreign exchange settlement andsales was RMB 1551 billion and RMB 551.6 billion, respectively, with a net newlysigned contract amount of forward foreign exchange settlement of RMB 999.4 billion. In December 2019, the amount of cross-border receiptsand payments by non-banking sectors was RMB 2689.9 billion and RMB 2609.3billion, respectively, with a surplus of RMB 80.6 billion.During January to December2019, the amount of cross-border receipts and payments by non-banking sectorswas RMB 24977.2 billion and RMB 24812.8 billion, respectively, with a surplusof RMB 164.4billion. In the US dollar terms, in December 2019, theamount of cross-border receipts and payments by non-banking sectors was USD 383.6billion and USD 372.1 billion, respectively, with a surplus of USD 11.5 billion.DuringJanuary to December 2019, the amount of cross-border receipts and payments by non-bankingsectors was USD 3619.1 billion and USD 3594.6 billion, respectively, with asurplus of USD 24.5 billion. Addendum: Glossary andrelevant definitions Balance of payments(BOP) refers to all economic transactionsbetween residents and non-residents. Foreignexchange settlement and sales by banks refers to settlement and sale transaction that bank executes for customersand for the banks themselves, including statistic data onsettlements of forward contracts for foreign exchange settlementand sales and the exercises of option, and excludingthe transactions in the interbank foreign exchange market. The statistic reporting date of Foreign exchangesettlement and sales by banks should be the trade day of theForeignexchange settlement and sales transaction. By definition, foreignexchange settlement means foreign exchange holders sell foreignexchange to designated foreign exchange bank, and foreignexchange sales means designated bank sells foreign exchange to foreign exchange buyers. The net position of foreign exchange settlement andforeign exchange sales could be position squared throughtransactions on the inter-bank foreign exchange market, and it is one ofthe major contributors to the country’sforeign exchange reserve fluctuation, though it is not equal to netchange in foreign exchange reserves during the same period Unlikethe principle of balance-of-payments statistics, which cover the transactionsbetween residents and non-residents, foreign exchange settlement and sales bybanks only cover transactions of RMB and foreign currencies between banks and customers or on banks for themselves. Thenewly signed contract amount of forward foreign exchange settlement and sales refers to the binding forward contract between designated foreignexchange bank and client that predetermines foreign exchange currency, amount,exchange rate and tenor which to be executed upon maturity. Thenewly signed forward contract enables corporate to lock inadvance the exchange rate for the purchase or sale of a currency on a futuredate to manage relevant foreign exchange risk arising fromRMB volatility. In general, bank will hedge its foreign exchange risk exposures arise from the newly signed forward contract in the Interbank foreign exchange market. For example,when bank has net foreign exchange long position, bankwill short the equivalent amount of foreign exchange in the Interbank foreignexchange market in advance, or vice versa. Therefore, the newly signedcontract amount of forward foreign exchange settlement and sales is also one of contributors to China’s foreign exchange reserve fluctuation. Theunwind amount of forward foreign exchange settlement and sales refers to, where client is unable to perform the original forwardcontract due to change in its real demand, client to fully or partially closeits forward position by executing another deal with opposite direction to theoriginal contract. Therolling amount of forward foreign exchange settlement and sales refers to client to adjust the settlement date of original contract dueto change in its real demand. Theoutstanding amount of forward foreign exchange settlement and sales by the endof the current period refers to the total amount of forwardcontracts accumulated from all non-matured forward contracts with client. Thenewly signed contractamount and the outstanding amount should satisfy the equationthat: theoutstanding amount of forward foreign exchange settlement and sales by the endof the current period = theoutstanding amount of forward foreign exchange settlement and sales at the endof the previous period + the newly signed contract amount of forward foreignexchange settlement and sales for the period - settlements of forwardcontracts for foreign exchange settlement and sales for the period - the unwindamount of forward foreign exchange settlement and sales for the period. The net Deltaexposure of outstanding options refers to the implied foreignexchange spot risk exposure from outstanding option contracts that bank executedwith client. Bank shall hedge such risk in the foreign exchange market for risk management during deal life cycle. The cross-border receiptsand payments bynon-banking sectors refers to the receipts andpayments between domestic non-banking sectors (including institutional and individual residents)and non-residentsthrough domestic banks, excluding receipts and payments in cash. In particular,the statisticsincludescross-border receipts and payments between non-banking sectors andnon-residents through domestic banks (including RMB and foreign currency), and domesticreceipts and payments between non-banking sectors and non-residents throughdomestic banks (temporarily excluding domestic receipts and payments in RMBbetween individual residents and non-resident individuals). Data are collected whencustomers conduct receipts and payments with non-resident counterparties atdomestic banks. Specifically, the receipts refer to the capitalof non-bankingsectors received fromnon-residents via domestic banks; the payments refer to the capitalof non-bankingsectors paid to non-residents via domestic banks. Thecross-border receipts and payments by non-banking sectors is based on cash basis,different from the accrual basis required by the Balance of Payments Statistics. The statisticsmerely reflects the cashflows between non-banking sectors and non-residents and does not include bartertransactions or transactions with non-residents conducted by the banksthemselves. Therefore,the scope of thestatistics is narrower than that of the Balance of Payments Statistics. 2020-01-17/en/2020/0117/1620.html
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国家外汇管理局统计数据显示，2019年12月，银行结汇12608亿元人民币，售汇12452亿元人民币，结售汇顺差156亿元人民币；按美元计值，银行结汇1798亿美元，售汇1776亿美元，结售汇顺差22亿美元。其中，银行代客结汇11892亿元人民币，售汇11636亿元人民币，结售汇顺差255亿元人民币；银行自身结汇716亿元人民币，售汇816亿元人民币，结售汇逆差100亿元人民币。同期，银行代客远期结汇签约1425亿元人民币，远期售汇签约348亿元人民币，远期净结汇1077亿元人民币。截至12月末，远期累计未到期结汇5158亿元人民币，未到期售汇4219亿元人民币，未到期净结汇938亿元人民币；未到期期权Delta净敞口-2666亿元人民币。 2019年1-12月，银行累计结汇127634亿元人民币，累计售汇131477亿元人民币，累计结售汇逆差3843亿元人民币；按美元计值，银行累计结汇18493亿美元，累计售汇19053亿美元，累计结售汇逆差560亿美元。其中，银行代客累计结汇117918亿元人民币，累计售汇120890亿元人民币，累计结售汇逆差2973亿元人民币；银行自身累计结汇9716亿元人民币，累计售汇10587亿元人民币，累计结售汇逆差871亿元人民币。同期，银行代客累计远期结汇签约15510亿元人民币，累计远期售汇签约5516亿元人民币，累计远期净结汇9994亿元人民币。 2019年12月，银行代客涉外收入26899亿元人民币，对外付款26093亿元人民币，涉外收付款顺差806亿元人民币。2019年1-12月，银行代客涉外收入249772亿元人民币，对外付款248128亿元人民币，涉外收付款顺差1644亿元人民币。 按美元计值，2019年12月，银行代客涉外收入3836亿美元，对外付款3721亿美元，涉外收付款顺差115亿美元。2019年1-12月，银行代客涉外收入36191亿美元，对外付款35946亿美元，涉外收付款顺差245亿美元。 附：名词解释和相关说明 国际收支是指我国居民与非居民间发生的一切经济交易。 银行结售汇是指银行为客户及其自身办理的结汇和售汇业务，包括远期结售汇履约和期权行权数据，不包括银行间外汇市场交易数据。银行结售汇统计时点为人民币与外汇兑换行为发生时。其中，结汇是指外汇所有者将外汇卖给外汇指定银行，售汇是指外汇指定银行将外汇卖给外汇使用者。结售汇差额是结汇与售汇的轧差数。银行结售汇形成的差额将通过银行在银行间外汇市场买卖平盘，是引起我国外汇储备变化的主要来源之一，但其不等于同期外汇储备的增减额。 银行结售汇不按居民与非居民交易的原则进行统计，且其仅包括银行与客户及其自身之间发生的本外币买卖，即人民币和外汇的兑换交易，不同于国际收支交易的统计范围。 远期结售汇签约是指银行与客户协商签订远期结汇（售汇）合同，约定将来办理结汇（售汇）的外汇币种、金额、汇率和期限；到期外汇收入（支出）发生时，即按照远期结汇（售汇）合同订明的币种、金额、汇率办理结汇（售汇）。远期结售汇业务使得企业可提前锁定未来结汇或售汇的汇率，从而有效规避人民币汇率变动的风险。银行一般会通过银行间外汇市场来对冲远期结售汇业务形成的风险敞口。比如，当银行签订的远期结汇大于远期售汇时，银行一般会将同等金额的外汇提前在银行间外汇市场卖出，反之亦然。因而远期结售汇也是影响我国外汇储备变化的一个因素。 远期结售汇平仓是指客户因真实需求背景发生变更、无法履行资金交割义务，对原交易反向平盘，了结部分或全部远期头寸的行为。 远期结售汇展期是指客户因真实需求背景发生变更，调整原交易交割时间的行为。 本期末远期结售汇累计未到期额是指银行与客户签订的远期结汇和售汇合同在本期末仍未到期的余额；差额是指未到期远期结汇和售汇余额之差。签约额与累计未到期额之间的关系为：本期末远期结售汇累计未到期额=上期末远期结售汇累计未到期额+本期远期结售汇签约额-本期远期结售汇履约额-本期远期结售汇平仓额。 未到期期权Delta净敞口是指银行对客户办理的期权业务在本期末累计未到期合约所隐含的即期汇率风险敞口。银行为管理这部分风险敞口，在期权合约存续期间通常会在外汇市场进行对冲。 银行代客涉外收付款是指境内非银行居民机构和个人（统称非银行部门）通过境内银行与非居民机构和个人之间发生的收付款，不包括现钞收付和银行自身涉外收付款。具体包括：非银行部门和非居民之间通过境内银行发生的跨境收付款（包括外汇和人民币），以及非银行部门和非居民之间通过境内银行发生的境内收付款（暂不包括境内居民个人与境内非居民个人之间发生的人民币收付款），统计时点为客户在境内银行办理涉外收付款时。其中，银行代客涉外收入是指非银行部门通过境内银行从非居民收入的款项，银行代客对外支出是指非银行部门通过境内银行向非居民支付的款项。 银行代客涉外收付款是国际收支统计的组成部分，但其统计原则与国际收支采用的权责发生制原则不同，采用资金收付制原则，且其仅反映境内非银行部门与非居民之间的资金流动状况，不能反映实物交易和银行自身的涉外交易，统计范围小于国际收支统计。 2020-01-17/safe/2020/0117/15181.html
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近年来，国家外汇管理局北京外汇管理部“政府信息公开邮箱”（whzwgk@bj.pbc.gov.cn）收到的垃圾邮件、病毒邮件较多，对接收和办理政府信息公开申请影响较大。为更好地做好依申请公开工作，我管理部根据相关规定并结合实际工作情况，决定于2020年1月20日起暂停使用该电子邮箱作为政府信息公开申请的接收渠道。申请人可继续通过信函、当面提交、传真等方式向我管理部提交政府信息公开申请（可参见《国家外汇管理局北京外汇管理部依申请公开政府信息工作指引》），我管理部将依法保障申请人的合法权益。 感谢对我管理部政府信息公开工作的支持与理解。 国家外汇管理局北京外汇管理部 2020年1月17日 2020-01-17/beijing/2020/0117/1157.html
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近日，凉山州中心支局组织辖内企业召开贸易信贷调查培训会，对贸易信贷调查制度进行解读，现场演示贸易信贷系统填报流程。培训会取得较好效果。 2020-01-20/sichuan/2020/0120/1083.html
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2019年12月27日，中国工商银行梧州分行将“单一窗口”和跨境区块链服务平台结合，为广西梧州市中进国际物流有限公司成功办理梧州辖区首笔跨境信用贷款，贷款金额200万元。 跨境信用贷款由银行机构通过“单一窗口”查询进出口企业信息，利用跨境区块链服务平台对企业的基本信息、交易信用信息以及监管信用信息进行查证，重点解决当前涉外中小企业跨境融资缺乏抵押物与银行核验成本高两大难题。 自今年10月起，国家外汇管理局梧州市中心支局针对辖区中小贸易企业融资缺乏抵押物的实际，鼓励引导银行机构通过跨境区块链服务平台创新外汇金融产品和服务方式，选择并指导中国工商银行梧州分行作为试点行，将“单一窗口”与跨境区块链服务平台结合，建立中小涉外企业跨境信用分层分类管理清单，推出面向中小涉外企业的新型跨境信用贷款（简称“跨境贷”）。目前，通过使用跨境区块链服务平台的“企业跨境信用信息搜权查证”场景，梧州辖区已建立起第一批中小涉外企业跨境信用贷款试点企业名单，共有10家企业获得中国工商银行梧州分行“跨境贷”的预授权信用额度，其中3家企业已通过“单一窗口”平台提交跨境贷款融资申请，1家企业成功获得无抵押的跨境信用贷款。 梧州外汇管理部门将在总结前期经验的基础上，根据辖区实际推广应用该项创新业务，通过金融科技和管理手段创新，为缓解中小涉外企业融资难融资贵问题和降低银行跨境融资业务风险提供更为有效的解决方案，从而使外汇管理新政策新业务惠及更多中小涉外企业，促进地方涉外经济稳健发展。 2019-12-27/guangxi/2019/1227/1554.html
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为加快推进崇左市金融改革创新步伐，提升金融对外开放水平，服务实体经济，2019年12月25日，国家外汇管理局崇左市中心支局在凭祥召开2019年崇左市面向东盟的金融开放门户暨自贸试验区（崇左片区）金融联席会议，人民银行崇左市中心支行办公室等科室、金融办、自贸办、各外汇指定银行参加了会议。会议主要内容有：一是对前期改革创新工作进行总结；二是详细解读门户开放和自贸试验区建设有关政策，明确工作任务；三是中国银行崇左分行等4家银行代表就下一步工作方向进行发言；四是与会各方就如何更好地推进门户开放和自贸试验区建设进行交流讨论。 2019-12-25/guangxi/2019/1225/1555.html
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2020年1月7日，国家外汇管理局梧州市中心支局首次派出外汇服务小分队前往梧州兴扬智能科技有限公司开展联合服务工作。在此期间，梧州市中心支局现场指导企业理顺加工贸易外汇收支以及区块链应收账款融资中的关键环节，粤桂合作特别试验区管委会为企业厂房用地提供可行性政策支持，建设银行梧州分行为企业提供外汇衍生品使用参考。这是去年底国家外汇管理局梧州市中心支局与粤桂合作特别试验区以及外汇指定银行组建外汇服务小分队以来，首次应企业要求上门提供综合政策服务，有效提高了企业对政策的获得感。 2020-01-07/guangxi/2020/0108/1563.html
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1月3日，在国家外汇管理局崇左市中心支局的指导下，中国建设银行凭祥支行成功利用跨境金融区块链服务平台为某进出口企业办理一笔金额为50万元跨境贸易融资业务，打响了广西自贸试验区（崇左片区）金融创新服务的第一枪，实现了崇左市跨境金融区块链融资的新突破。跨境金融区块链融资业务在边境地区成功落地，为后续银行利用跨境金融区块链服务平台开展贸易融资积累了经验，让更多中小微边贸企业享受到高效便捷的融资服务，为有效缓解中小企业融资难融资贵问题提供新渠道。 2020-01-03/guangxi/2020/0103/1560.html
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近日，外汇局惠州市中心支局应邀参加民生银行惠州分行举办的“便捷外贸•智享民生”单一窗口暨跨境金融服务推介会，积极宣讲外汇政策。民生银行总行、广州分行等单位负责人及80余家企业代表参加活动。 推介会上，外汇局惠州市中心支局宣讲了贸易和投资项下外汇政策，重点介绍跨境贸易投资便利化政策主要内容，讲解业务办理流程及要点，并详细解答银企代表提出的问题。 参会银企代表表示，通过推介会，加深了对跨境贸易投资便利化政策和业务流程的了解，将按要求合规办理外汇业务，充分享受外汇政策红利。 2020-01-20/guangdong/2020/0120/1626.html