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2022-05-23http://www.gov.cn/premier/2022-05/20/content_5691503.htm
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2022-05-20http://www.gov.cn/xinwen/2022-05/19/content_5691300.htm
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2022年3月银行代客涉外收付款数据（分地区） 2022-05-23/jilin/2022/0520/1696.html
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为鼓励辖内“走出去”的中小微企业有效运用汇率避险产品应对汇率风险、减少汇兑损失，宜宾市中心支局联合宜宾市金融工作局、三江新区财政金融审计局召开“宜汇保”汇率避险支持政策推进会，专题讨论汇率避险支持政策。三方就下一步资金安排、业务实施方案交换了意见，达成初步共识，预计汇率避险支持政策落地可惠及三江新区中小微涉外企业50余家。 2022-05-27/sichuan/2022/0527/1937.html
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2022-05-27http://www.gov.cn/xinwen/2022-05/26/content_5692446.htm
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附件：商务部 中国人民银行 国家外汇管理局关于支持外经贸企业提升汇率风险管理能力的通知 2022-05-27/shenzhen/2022/0527/1183.html
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2022-05-27http://www.gov.cn/premier/2022-05/26/content_5692495.htm
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In April 2022, the export and import of China’s international trade in goods and services totalled RMB 3442.7 billion, basically equal to the same time last year. Of this, the export of goods recorded RMB 1666.6 billion and the import recorded RMB 1356.8 billion, resulting in a surplus of RMB 309.9 billion.The export of services recorded RMB 188.2 billion and the import recorded RMB 231.1 billion, resulting in a deficit of RMB 42.9 billion. In terms of the major items, the export and import of transport, other business services, travel and telecommunications, computer and information services registered RMB 165.1 billion, RMB 68.3 billion, RMB 56.1 billion and RMB 48.3 billion respectively. In the US dollar terms, in April 2022, the export and import of China’s international trade in goods and services were USD 288.6 billion and USD 247.0 billion respectively, with a surplus of USD 41.5 billion.(End) International Trade in Goods and Services of China April 2022 Item In 100 million of RMB In 100 million of USD Goods and services 2670 415 Credit 18549 2886 Debit -15878 -2470 1. Goods 3099 482 Credit 16666 2593 Debit -13568 -2111 2. Services -429 -67 Credit 1882 293 Debit -2311 -359 2.1 Manufacturing services on physical inputs owned by others 71 11 Credit 75 12 Debit -4 -1 2.2 Maintenance and repair services n.i.e 19 3 Credit 39 6 Debit -20 -3 2.3 Transport -147 -23 Credit 752 117 Debit -899 -140 2.4 Travel -476 -74 Credit 42 7 Debit -519 -81 2.5 Construction 43 7 Credit 90 14 Debit -47 -7 2.6 Insurance and pension services -92 -14 Credit 8 1 Debit -100 -15 2.7 Financial services 3 1 Credit 21 3 Debit -17 -3 2.8 Charges for the use of intellectual property -127 -20 Credit 106 16 Debit -232 -36 2.9 Telecommunications, computerand information services 84 13 Credit 283 44 Debit -200 -31 2.10 Other business services 220 34 Credit 452 70 Debit -231 -36 2.11 Personal, cultural, and recreational services -2 0 Credit 7 1 Debit -9 -1 2.12 Government goods and services n.i.e -24 -4 Credit 8 1 Debit -33 -5 Notes: 1. The trade in goods and services in this table refers to the transactions between residents and non-residents, based on the same standard as that for BOP statement. The monthly data are preliminary and may be inconsistent with the quarterly data in the BOP statement. 2. The data on international trade in goods and services are prepared in USD, and the RMB data for the current month is derived by converting the USD data at the monthly average central parity rate of the RMB against the USD. 3. This table employs rounded-off numbers. Definition of Indicators: Goods and Services: refers to the trade in goods and services between residents and non-residents, which is based on the same standard as that for the BOP statement. 1. Goods: refers to transactions in goods whereby the economic ownership is transferred between the Chinese residents and non-residents. The credit side records export of goods, while the debit side records import of goods. The data of goods account are mainly from the customs statistics of imports and exports, but differ from the statistics of the customs mainly in the following aspects:first, the goods in the BOP statement only reflect the goods whose ownership has been transferred (e.g. goods under the trade modes such as general trade and processing trade with imported materials), while the goods whose ownershipis not transferred (e.g. manufacturing services with supplied materials or with exported materials) are included in the statistics of trade in services instead of the statistics of trade in goods; second, as required by the BOP statistics, the goods imported and exported are valued on the FOB basis, but as required by the customs, the goods exported are valued on the FOB basis, whereas goods imported are on the CIF basis. Therefore, for the purpose of the BOP statistics, the international transport and insurance premiums are taken out from the value of imported goods and included in the trade in services; and third, the data on net export of goods in merchanting which are not included in the customs statistics are supplemented. 2. Services: includes manufacturing services on physical inputs owned by others, maintenance and repair services n.i.e, transport, travel,construction, insurance and pension services, financial services, charges for the use of intellectual property, telecommunications, computer and information services, other business services, personal, cultural and recreational services, and government goods and services n.i.e. The credit side records services supplied, while the debit side records services received. 2.1 Manufacturing services on physical owned by others: processor only provides processing, assembly, packaging and other services and charges service fee from the owner, while the ownership of the goods isnot transferred between the owner and the processor. The credit side records the manufacturing services supplied by the Chinese residents on physical inputs owned by non-residents, and vice versa for debit side. 2.2 Maintenance and repair services: refer to the maintenance and repair services supplied by residents to non-residents or vice versa on goods and equipment (such as vessel, aircraft, and other transportation facility) owned by the receiving party. The credit side records the maintenance and repair services supplied by the Chinese residents to non-residents, and vice versa for debit side. 2.3 Transport: refers to the process of transporting people and goods from one place to another, and the relevant supporting and auxiliary services, as well as postaland delivery services. The credit side records the international transport, postal and delivery services supplied by residents to non-residents, and vice versa for debit side. 2.4 Travel: refers to goods consumed and services purchased by travelers in various economies as non-residents. The credit side records the goods and services provided by the Chinese residents to non-residents who have stayed in China for less than one year, as well as non-residents studying abroad and seeking medical treatment for indefinite period of stay. The debit side records the goods and services purchased by the Chinese residents when traveling, studying or seeking medical services abroad from non-residents. 2.5 Construction services: refer to the establishment, renovation, maintenance or expansion of fixed assets in the form of buildings, land improvement, roads, bridges and dams and other engineering buildings of engineering nature, relevant installation,assembly, painting, pipeline construction, demolition and project management,as well as site preparation, measurement and blasting and other special services. The credit side records the construction services provided by the Chinese residents outside the economic territory. The debit side records the construction services received by the Chinese residents in the Chinese economic territory from non-residents. 2.6 Insurance and pension services: refers to various insurance services and commission to agents related with insurance transaction. The credit side records the life insurance and annuity, non-lifeinsurance, reinsurance, standardized guarantee services and relevant supporting services supplied by the Chinese residents to non-residents, and vice versa for debit side. 2.7 Financial services: refer to financial intermediation and supporting services, excluding those covered by insurance and pension services. The credit side records the financial intermediation and supporting services supplied by the Chinese residents to non-residents, and vice versa for debit side. 2.8 Charges for the use of intellectual property: refer to licensed use of intangible, non-productive/non-financial assets and exclusive rights between residents and non-residents and the licensed use of existing original works or prototypes. The credit side records the intellectual property-related services supplied by the Chinese residents to non-residents, and vice versa for debit side. 2.9 Telecommunications, computer and information services: refer tocommunications services between residents and non-residents and transactions of services related to computer data and news, excluding commercial services delivered via telephone, computer and Internet. The credit side records the telecommunications, computer and information services supplied by residents to non-residents, and vice versa for debit side. 2.10 Other business services: refer to other types of services between residents and non-residents, including research and development services, professional and management consulting services, technical and trade-related services. The credit side records the other business services supplied by the Chinese residents to non-residents, and vice versa for debit side. 2.11 Personal, cultural and recreational services: refer to transactions of personal, cultural and recreational services between residents and non-residents, including audiovisual and related services (films,radio, television programs and music recordings) and other personal, cultural and recreational services (health, education, etc.). The credit side records the related services supplied by the Chinese residents to non-residents, and vice versa for debit side. 2.12 Government goods and services n.i.e: refer to various goods and services provided and purchased by governments and international organizations not included in other categories of goods and services. The credit side records the goods and services not included elsewhere and supplied by the Chinese residents to non-residents, and vice versa for debit side. 2022-05-27/en/2022/0527/1957.html
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2022年4月，我国国际货物和服务贸易进出口规模34427亿元，与去年同期基本持平。其中，货物贸易出口16666亿元，进口13568亿元，顺差3099亿元；服务贸易出口1882亿元，进口2311亿元，逆差429亿元。服务贸易主要项目为：运输服务进出口规模1651亿元，其他商业服务进出口规模683亿元，旅行服务进出口规模561亿元，电信、计算机和信息服务进出口规模483亿元。 按美元计值，2022年4月，我国国际货物和服务贸易出口2886亿美元，进口2470亿美元，顺差415亿美元。（完） 中国国际货物和服务贸易数据 2022年4月 项目 按人民币计值 （亿元） 按美元计值 （亿美元） 货物和服务贸易差额 2670 415 贷方 18549 2886 借方 -15878 -2470 1.货物贸易差额 3099 482 贷方 16666 2593 借方 -13568 -2111 2.服务贸易差额 -429 -67 贷方 1882 293 借方 -2311 -359 2.1 加工服务差额 71 11 贷方 75 12 借方 -4 -1 2.2 维护和维修服务差额 19 3 贷方 39 6 借方 -20 -3 2.3 运输差额 -147 -23 贷方 752 117 借方 -899 -140 2.4 旅行差额 -476 -74 贷方 42 7 借方 -519 -81 2.5 建设差额 43 7 贷方 90 14 借方 -47 -7 2.6 保险和养老金服务差额 -92 -14 贷方 8 1 借方 -100 -15 2.7 金融服务差额 3 1 贷方 21 3 借方 -17 -3 2.8 知识产权使用费差额 -127 -20 贷方 106 16 借方 -232 -36 2.9 电信、计算机和信息服务差额 84 13 贷方 283 44 借方 -200 -31 2.10 其他商业服务差额 220 34 贷方 452 70 借方 -231 -36 2.11 个人、文化和娱乐服务差额 -2 0 贷方 7 1 借方 -9 -1 2.12 别处未提及的政府服务差额 -24 -4 贷方 8 1 借方 -33 -5 注： 1. 本表所称货物和服务贸易与国际收支平衡表中的货物和服务口径一致，是指居民与非居民之间发生的交易。月度数据为初步数据，可能与国际收支平衡表中的季度数据不一致。 2. 国际货物和服务贸易数据按美元编制，当月人民币计值数据由美元数据按月均人民币对美元中间价折算得到。 3. 本表计数采用四舍五入原则。 指标解释： 货物和服务贸易：是指居民与非居民之间发生的货物贸易和服务贸易交易，与国际收支平衡表的口径相同。 1．货物贸易: 指经济所有权在我国居民与非居民之间发生转移的货物交易。贷方记录货物出口，借方记录货物进口。货物账户数据主要来源于海关进出口统计，但与海关统计存在以下主要区别：一是国际收支中的货物只记录所有权发生了转移的货物（如一般贸易、进料加工贸易等贸易方式的货物），所有权未发生转移的货物（如来料加工或出料加工贸易）不纳入货物统计，而纳入服务贸易统计；二是计价方面，国际收支统计要求进出口货值均按离岸价格记录，海关出口货值为离岸价格，但进口货值为到岸价格，因此国际收支统计从海关进口货值中调出国际运保费支出，并纳入服务贸易统计；三是补充了海关未统计的转手买卖下的货物净出口数据。 2．服务贸易：包括加工服务，维护和维修服务，运输，旅行，建设，保险和养老金服务，金融服务，知识产权使用费，电信、计算机和信息服务，其他商业服务，个人、文化和娱乐服务以及别处未提及的政府服务。贷方记录提供的服务，借方记录接受的服务。 2.1 加工服务：又称“对他人拥有的实物投入的制造服务”，指货物的所有权没有在所有者和加工方之间发生转移，加工方仅提供加工、装配、包装等服务，并从货物所有者处收取加工服务费用。贷方记录我国居民为非居民拥有的实物提供的加工服务。借方记录我国居民接受非居民的加工服务。 2.2 维护和维修服务：指居民或非居民向对方所拥有的货物和设备（如船舶、飞机及其他运输工具）提供的维修和保养工作。贷方记录我国居民向非居民提供的维护和维修服务。借方记录我国居民接受的非居民维护和维修服务。 2.3 运输：指将人和物体从一地点运送至另一地点的过程以及相关辅助和附属服务，以及邮政和邮递服务。贷方记录居民向非居民提供的国际运输、邮政快递等服务。借方记录居民接受的非居民国际运输、邮政快递等服务。 2.4 旅行：指旅行者在其作为非居民的经济体旅行期间消费的物品和购买的服务。贷方记录我国居民向在我国境内停留不足一年的非居民以及停留期限不限的非居民留学人员和就医人员提供的货物和服务。借方记录我国居民境外旅行、留学或就医期间购买的非居民货物和服务。 2.5 建设服务：指建筑形式的固定资产的建立、翻修、维修或扩建，工程性质的土地改良、道路、桥梁和水坝等工程建筑，相关的安装、组装、油漆、管道施工、拆迁和工程管理等，以及场地准备、测量和爆破等专项服务。贷方记录我国居民在经济领土之外提供的建设服务。借方记录我国居民在我国经济领土内接受的非居民建设服务。 2.6 保险和养老金服务：指各种保险服务，以及同保险交易有关的代理商的佣金。贷方记录我国居民向非居民提供的人寿保险和年金、非人寿保险、再保险、标准化担保服务以及相关辅助服务。借方记录我国居民接受非居民的人寿保险和年金、非人寿保险、再保险、标准化担保服务以及相关辅助服务。 2.7 金融服务：指金融中介和辅助服务，但不包括保险和养老金服务项目所涉及的服务。贷方记录我国居民向非居民提供的金融中介和辅助服务。借方记录我国居民接受非居民的金融中介和辅助服务。 2.8 知识产权使用费：指居民和非居民之间经许可使用无形的、非生产/非金融资产和专有权以及经特许安排使用已问世的原作或原型的行为。贷方记录我国居民向非居民提供的知识产权相关服务。借方记录我国居民使用的非居民知识产权服务。 2.9 电信、计算机和信息服务：指居民和非居民之间的通信服务以及与计算机数据和新闻有关的服务交易，但不包括以电话、计算机和互联网为媒介交付的商业服务。贷方记录本国居民向非居民提供的电信服务、计算机服务和信息服务。借方记录本国居民接受非居民提供的电信服务、计算机服务和信息服务。 2.10 其他商业服务: 指居民和非居民之间其他类型的服务，包括研发服务，专业和管理咨询服务，技术、贸易相关等服务。贷方记录我国居民向非居民提供的其他商业服务。借方记录我国居民接受的非居民其他商业服务。 2.11 个人、文化娱乐服务:指居民和非居民之间与个人、文化和娱乐有关的服务交易，包括视听和相关服务（电影、收音机、电视节目和音乐录制品），其他个人、文化娱乐服务（健康、教育等）。贷方记录我国居民向非居民提供的相关服务。借方记录我国居民接受的非居民相关服务。 2.12 别处未提及的政府服务：指在其他货物和服务类别中未包括的政府和国际组织提供和购买的各项货物和服务。贷方记录我国居民向非居民提供的别处未涵盖的货物和服务。借方记录我国居民向非居民购买的别处未涵盖的货物和服务。 2022-05-27/safe/2022/0527/21017.html
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近年来，随着人民币汇率双向波动常态化，涉外企业面临的汇率风险日益突出，对汇率风险进行管理的重要性进一步提升。企业如果忽视汇率双向波动的自然特征，不主动做好风险管理，汇率波动将影响其生产经营的稳定性，甚至造成利润损失。 一、什么是汇率（外汇）风险 汇率风险：在国际经济交易中，由于汇率的波动而引发的，以外币计价的资产（或债权）与负债（或债务）的价值的损益的可能。企业汇率风险敞口来自于日常生产经营的多个环节：出口货款收汇、进口货款付汇、外币债务、境外投资、报表折算等。 二、如何管理汇率风险 （一）树立汇率风险中性理念 汇率风险中性是指企业把汇率波动纳入日常财务决策，以保值为核心目标，尽可能降低汇率波动对主营业务以及企业财务的负面影响。汇率风险中性是企业应对汇率双向波动的必然选择，有利于企业实现财务中性，专注主业经营。 企业应该怎么做： 1.主动管理汇率风险敞口，套保避险。 2.明确“保值”而非“增值”核心目标。 3.基于实需原则，立足于服务主业经营。 4.建立科学适用的汇率风险管理工作制度。 温馨提示以下不可为： 1.对汇率风险敞口放任不管。 2.根据汇率走势追涨杀跌。 3.以套保的盈亏论英雄。 4.随意更改套保策略。 （二）合理利用汇率避险产品 外汇衍生产品是企业管理汇率风险的有效工具。目前，我国外汇市场已具备即期、远期、外汇掉期、货币掉期和期权及期权组合等产品，供企业选择进行套期保值。 如何选择产品：应以保持财务稳健和可持续为导向，遵循实需、适用的原则，避免选择过于复杂的外汇衍生工具，以免因产品运用不当导致更大的风险。 充分认识：避险保值就像花钱买保险，是以一个比较小的成本来管理比较大的不确定性和可能的损失。 2022-05-27/qinghai/2022/0527/1175.html