-
Dear Secretary Yin Li, Acting Mayor Yin Yong, President Fu Hua, and distinguished guests: Good afternoon, everyone! Since the beginning of this year, due to the impact of “high inflation” and “tight monetary policy”, the international financial market, including the foreign exchange market, has gone through a year of severe volatility, but China’s foreign exchange market has shown significant resilience. Now let me share some of my views on “U.S. dollar cycle and China’s foreign exchange market”, for your reference. The U.S. dollar is characterized by long-term fluctuations and is an important factor affecting the global financial market. Since the collapse of the Bretton Woods system, the U.S. dollar has experienced three major cycles of appreciation and depreciation. The current cycle of dollar appreciation has lasted 11 years since mid-2011. After the international financial crisis in 2008, the world experienced an environment of low growth, low inflation, and low interest rates for a long period of time. Until 2021, the inflation began to rise sharply. The big U.S. dollar cycle is driven by multiple factors. First, changes in long-term economic growth potential are an important determinant, and the growth rate of U.S. labor productivity is highly correlated with the trend of the U.S. dollar. Second, changes in interest rate spreads brought about by policy differentiation across countries drive cross-border capital flows and amplify cyclical fluctuations. Third, there is a self-reinforcing mechanism for the appreciation of the U.S. dollar. As the world’s leading financing currency, the U.S. dollar is caught in a cycle: “appreciation of the U.S. dollar → adjustment of asset prices in emerging markets → capital flowing back to the United States → appreciation of the U.S. dollar”. From the perspective of a long-term historical cycle, the global macro-environment may shift from “great moderation” to “high volatility”. From the 1980s to 2019, the global macro environment was characterized by low inflation and low volatility, which can be regarded as the “Great Moderation Era”. However, this trend has changed in 2021. After the epidemic, the massive stimulus policies of major developed countries boosted demand, but the supply recovery was restricted by supply chain disturbances, tight labor markets, and international geopolitical conflicts. As a result, inflation in major developed countries was much higher than the policy target. The volatility of economic record in major developed countries rose sharply, and the global macro environment may have entered an “Era of High Volatility”. To combat inflation, some of the world’s major central banks have rapidly tightened monetary policy. The Federal Reserve raised interest rates sharply and shrunk its balance sheet, tightening monetary policy in a speed rarely seen in history. The European Central Bank has also moved aggressively to raise interest rates, with the policy rate rising to the highest level since 2009. With inflation still high and economic drivers slowing down, the monetary policies of major central banks around the world are in a dilemma between stabilizing growth and controlling inflation. Since the beginning of this year, “high inflation” and “tight monetary policy” have caused severe shocks in the international financial market. Global equity, bond and other financial asset prices fell across the board, while the U.S. dollar has strengthened rapidly. The U.S. dollar index has appreciated by nearly 20% since the start of the year to above 114, hitting a 20-year high. Since October, based on the market expectation, major central banks would slow down interest rate hikes, and the U.S. dollar index would fall from its highs, but its year-to-date appreciation was still rare over the past 40 years. China’s foreign exchange market has shown new trend, and its resilience has been continuously enhanced. Compared with the previous two periods of U.S. dollar appreciation, the RMB exchange rate has become less sensitive to fluctuations in the U.S. dollar index since 2021. From a global perspective, the RMB depreciated at an average rate in comparison with currencies of the major developed and emerging market. Despite fluctuations, cross-border capital flows were in a stable and orderly manner on the whole. The strengthening of the resilience of the foreign exchange market was driven by various factors. First, the RMB exchange rate showed more two-way fluctuations with greater flexibility, and its role as automatic stabilizer in adjusting the balance of payments became more prominent, thus releasing external pressure in a timely and effective manner. Second, the basic balance of payments surplus played a leading role. In the first three quarters of this year, China recorded a current account surplus of USD 310.4 billion, the highest in history for the same period; and the ratio of the surplus to the GDP in the same period was 2.4%, which remained within a reasonable range of equilibrium. At the meantime, direct investment showed a net inflow, and cross-border capital flows were steady and orderly. Third, the overall external debt structure has been improved. The traditional financing type of external debt rose slightly, and the type structure, currency structure and maturity structure of external debt have been optimized. Fourth, the proportion of RMB used by enterprises in the cross-border transactions continued to increase, which helped reduce the risk of currency mismatch in cross-border transactions. Fifth, the exchange rate hedging tools have been popularized, which significantly enhanced enterprises’ adaptability to exchange rate fluctuations. The using of RMB assets as natural hedge has become increasingly prominent. Since the beginning of this year, the bond yields of major countries in the world have generally risen and prices have fallen, but RMB bonds have become one of the few financial assets with stable prices. Unlike other emerging market bonds, RMB bonds are quasi-safe assets, with risk-return characteristics closer to those of developed countries. China’s macroeconomic policy is dominated by itself, and the interest rate and exchange rate trend are relatively independent, which endows RMB bonds with a better diversification effect in global asset allocation. Looking ahead, China’s foreign exchange market will maintain a stable operation. On the one hand, the risk of economic recession in major developed countries is rising. As inflation is still above the policy target, the monetary policy will generally remain tight, and the U.S. dollar may remain high and volatile in the short term. Financial institutions predict that the momentum of U.S. dollar appreciation weakening, and the strong appreciation cycle may come to an end. On the other hand, the sound long-term economic fundamentals of China’s economy remain unchanged. The “20 optimized measures” will further improve the epidemic prevention and control in a more scientific and precise way, and make it more efficient in coordinating epidemic prevention and control as well as economic and social development. The effective implementation of various policy measures to stabilize economic growth in the early stage will further unleash the growth momentum of the Chinese economy. In addition, the financial authorities have issued a number of financial support policies in tandem with the real estate market authorities and local governments to support rigid and improvement demand for housing, to maintain stable and orderly real estate financing, to increase financial support for ensuring timely deliveries of presold homes, and to protect the legal rights and interests of housing consumers, which will help stop and weaken risk spillovers, and stabilize market expectations and confidence. The above-mentioned policies have played an active role in counter-cyclical adjustment and produced positive market effects. We will adhere to the guidelines and policies of the central government on the development of the real estate market. We will adhere to the principles of marketization and the rule of law, and promote the healthy and sustainable development of China’s real estate market by taking account of long-term and short-term factors, as well as seeking both temporary and permanent solutions. In the future, changes in the internal and external macro-environment will help maintain the sound operation of China’s foreign exchange market. Over the past ten years, we have coordinated opening-up and security, and have achieved remarkable results in the reform and opening-up of the foreign exchange sector. First, the market-oriented formation mechanism of the RMB exchange rate has been gradually improved. The exchange rate has become more flexible, two-way fluctuations have become normal, and the RMB exchange rate has remained basically stable at a reasonable and balanced level. Second, we have made steady progress in opening-up of the capital account, and a relatively high level of convertibility has been achieved. Specifically, cross-border direct investment has become basically convertible, cross-border securities investment has enjoyed two-way opening-up through multiple channels and at multiple levels, and independent cross-border financing activities by market entities have become operable under the framework of macro-prudential management. Third, the subjects, scale, and products of foreign exchange market transactions have grown rapidly, and at the meantime, an open and diversified foreign exchange market with sound functions and orderly competition has basically taken shape. Fourth, the international balance of payments was basically balanced, with greater stability and resilience. The ratio of the current account to GDP has always been maintained within a reasonable range, around 2% in recent years. Cross-border trade, investment and financing became more vibrant, and the scale of cross-border payments grew rapidly. Fifth, the “macro-prudential management plus micro regulation” framework of the foreign exchange market was established. The early warning and response mechanism for the supervision of cross-border capital flows has been continuously improved, and the macro-prudential tools have been further improved. Sixth, we have ensured the safety, liquidity, as well as value preservation and appreciation of the foreign exchange reserve assets. In the future, we will earnestly implement the guiding principles of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China. Through coordinating financial opening-up and security, we will make every effort to build a foreign exchange management system that is compatible with a high-level of opening-up. We will deepen the reform and opening-up in the foreign exchange sector, and improve cross-border trade and investment and financing facilitation, so as to maintain the stable operation of the foreign exchange market as well as the national economic and financial security. I wish this year’s Annual Conference of the Financial Street Forum a complete success. Thank you! 2022-11-21/en/2022/1121/2022.html
-
Party Secretary Yin Li, Mayor Yin Yong, Managing Director Kristalina Georgieva, General Manager Agustín Carstens, Ladies and gentlemen, Good afternoon! Let me begin by extending my congratulations to the Beijing Financial Street on its great development achievement over the past 30 years. Under the leadership of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council, and with the vigorous support of the CPC Beijing Municipal Committee and the Beijing Municipal Government, the Financial Street has blazed a trail with Chinese characteristics and played a key role in China’s economic and social development over the past three decades. Today, I would like to take this opportunity to share with you some of my observations on issues related to monetary policy. First, China’s monetary policy has provided significant support to the real economy. This year, the Chinese economy is faced with some challenges and downward pressure due to COVID-19 and some external shocks, and we have re-calibrated monetary policy in a timely fashion so as to provide greater support to the real economy. According to the deployment of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council, we have made use of a host of policy instruments and cut the required reserve ratio (RRR) by 25bps. The drop in loan prime rate (LPR) has translated into lower financing costs for the real economy, and broad money M2, social financing and new RMB loans have all maintained pretty robust growth. Measured by economic performance, China’s macroeconomic policy has proven to be well-calibrated. We have kept the economy stable, preserved price stability at home despite surging inflationary pressure worldwide, and maintained a fine balance between internal and external equilibrium. China’s GDP grew by 3.9 percent year on year (YoY) in Q3. The CPI increased by 2.1 percent YoY in October and its annual growth rate has stayed at around 2 percent over the past five years. Since the beginning of the year, the RMB has seen some depreciation against the US dollar but of a smaller scale compared with other major currencies. The value and purchasing power of RMB has been basically stable. Second, while providing significant support to the real economy, the PBOC has not substantially expanded its balance sheet. As of end-September 2022, the PBOC’s balance sheet was around $6 trillion (RMB40 trillion). Its size has stayed relatively stable over the past five years with an average growth rate of 2.6 percent. In recent years, we have used RRR cuts to provide medium and long-term liquidity. As we know, commercial banks have to put aside a certain amount of deposits at the central bank as required reserves. Cutting the RRR thus increases commercial banks’ excess reserves and allows them to lend more. As lower RRRs lead to higher money multipliers, we have managed to support more credit creation in the absence of significant balance sheet expansion. Since 2018, the PBOC has cut the RRR 13 times and brought the average RRR down to around 8% from its previous level of 15% and released a total of $1.5 trillion equivalent (RMB 10.8 trillion) long-term liquidity. In the meantime, the PBOC’s balance sheet has stabilized at around $5.5-6 trillion equivalent (RMB38 trillion to RMB40 trillion). Yet outstanding M2 has increased to over $35 trillion equivalent (RMB260 trillion) from less than $25 trillion equivalent (RMB170 trillion) at end-2017, which is a telling evidence of substantive monetary support for the real economy. Raising the RRR has played a key role in keeping the RMB value stable and inflation subdued for quite some time in the past. So cutting the RRR this time around has the effect of releasing some of the “frozen-up” liquidity in the past. Since the beginning of this century, China had experienced foreign reserves increasing for quite many years, and the PBOC’s balance sheet continued to grow. We had thus to constantly “freeze up” the increasing RMB liquidity associated with the continuously accumulating foreign reserves through raising the RRR and other sterilization operations. During this period, the size of PBOC’s balance sheet had grown much larger than those of our peers in the major advanced economies. In recent years however, we have by contrast, made many proactive decisions and preemptive adjustments on liquidity supply through a host of measures ranging from RRR cuts, open market operations, to structural monetary policy instruments. It is a far cry from the previous situation when liquidity supply by the PBOC was mainly a passive consequence of accumulation in foreign reserves. The independence of monetary policy has increased noticeably. Third, another feature of China’s monetary policy is its combination of aggregate and structural considerations. Our sound monetary policy not only includes aggregate support, but also has structural characteristics. We have leveraged structural monetary policy tools to enhance the financial support for agriculture, small and medium enterprises (SMEs), the private companies and other structural weak links on the supply side. As a result, finance has now become more accessible, available and affordable. As of end-September 2022, nearly 54 million SMEs have gained access to inclusive loans, four times that of end-2017, with outstanding loans hitting $3.5 trillion equivalent (RMB23 trillion). The weighted average interest rate on new inclusive loans issued in September was 4.7 %, down by 180bps compared with the same period of 2017. Different structural monetary policy tools can be either long-term or ad-hoc. Central bank relending and re-discounts in support of the agrarian sector and SMEs, which you are all quite familiar with and have an outstanding value of $360 billion equivalent (RMB 2.5 trillion), are typical examples of long-term tools. The typical ad-hoc tools that we put in place in recent years, however, include the special-purpose relending facilities in support of scientific and technological innovation, transportation and logistics, equipment upgrading, etc. With an outstanding value of $430 billion equivalent (RMB3 trillion), these ad hoc instruments have well-defined expiration dates or exit plans. When their policy goals are met, they will be phased out in an orderly manner. Last but not least, I would like to talk about the role of structural monetary policy in housing and green finance. China’s housing sector is linked to a lot of upstream and downstream industries. Therefore, its healthy development is of great significance to the overall economy. The housing market is undergoing some adjustments. Joining hands with relevant ministries and local governments, we have tailored policy solutions to local specificities. Such tools include cutting mortgage rates and down payment ratios, with an aim of supporting real housing needs. In some previous incidents, some troubled developers were unable to complete pre-sold housing projects on time. In response, we’ve issued $30 billion equivalent (RMB200 billion) worth of special loans to ensure their timely completion, and have put in place structural policy tools to encourage active participation by commercial banks. Meanwhile, we’ve also expanded support for bond issuance by private firms, including private housing developers, through credit enhancement facilities. We’ve also rolled out a carbon reduction tool to foster green development. Operating on market principles, this tool supports financial institutions’ lending to enterprises focusing on clean energy, emission reduction and carbon reduction. Tapping this tool, financial institutions need to estimate and disclose the carbon cuts financed by such loans. This will help promote the mentality of green development, and the practice of carbon accounting and disclosure. By the end of September 2022, around $35 billion equivalent (RMB240 billion) worth of carbon reduction credit facility has been used, mobilized around $60 billion equivalent (RMB400 billion) worth of carbon reduction loans, and financed carbon cuts of more than 80 million tons. Recently, we’ve included two foreign-funded banks to the list of financial institutions eligible for extending such loans. Going forward, the People’s Bank of China will continue to take Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics as our guide and implement the guiding principles set forth by the 20th CPC National Congress. We will continue to build a modern central banking system, implement sound monetary policy to serve the real economy, prevent financial risks and deepen financial reforms. We will also continue to support the Financial Street in developing into the national center of financial administration and in contributing even more to China’s modernization. Finally, I wish the Forum a complete success. Thank you! 2022-11-21/en/2022/1121/2020.html
-
中国人民银行上海总部，各分行、营业管理部，各省会（首府）城市中心支行，各副省级城市中心支行；国家外汇管理局各省、自治区、直辖市分局、外汇管理部，计划单列市分局；中国外汇交易中心，中央国债登记结算有限责任公司，银行间市场清算所股份有限公司；国家开发银行，各政策性银行、国有商业银行，中国邮政储蓄银行，各股份制商业银行： 为规范境外机构境内发行债券资金管理，根据《中华人民共和国中国人民银行法》《中华人民共和国外汇管理条例》等法律法规，现就境外机构境内发行债券有关事宜通知如下： 一、本通知所称境外机构境内发行债券是指境外机构依据《全国银行间债券市场境外机构债券发行管理暂行办法》（中国人民银行 财政部公告〔2018〕第16号公布）、《公司债券发行与交易管理办法》（中国证券监督管理委员会令第180号发布）等相关规定，经监管部门核准、注册或备案等，在境内银行间债券市场、交易所债券市场等公开或非公开发行债券的行为。 二、中国人民银行、国家外汇管理局及其分支机构依法对境外机构境内发行债券涉及的账户、资金收付及汇兑等实施监督管理。 三、国家外汇管理局对境外机构境内发行债券资金实行登记管理。境外机构应委托境内主承销商代为办理相关手续。 境外机构应在获得债券发行核准、注册或备案后且首期发行前，委托其境内主承销商凭以下材料，到为该境外机构开立相关募集资金账户的境内银行业金融机构（以下简称开户银行）办理登记： （一）《境外机构境内发行债券基本信息登记表》（附件1）。 （二）发行核准、注册或备案等相关文件。 （三）募集说明文件或定向发行协议等相关文件。 开户银行应认真履行职责，严格审核境外机构所提供材料的真实性，并留存上述材料。开户银行按规定为境外机构办理登记后，应将加盖银行业务印章的业务登记凭证反馈境外机构的境内主承销商。 境外机构应在每期债券发行结束后20个工作日内，委托当期境内主承销商，凭业务登记凭证、《境外机构境内发行债券募集资金信息登记表》（附件2），到当期开户银行更新实际募集资金登记信息。 四、境外机构凭业务登记凭证开立境内发行债券专用资金（人民币或和外汇）账户（以下简称发债专户）。开立人民币账户的，可开立人民币银行结算账户或委托其主承销商开立托管账户，账户性质为专用存款账户。 发债专户的收入范围是：境内发行债券募集资金划入；还本付息和支付相关税费（税款、手续费等）资金划入；账户利息收入；发行债券募集资金按规定向境内主体放款产生的本息偿还收入；发行债券募集资金按规定投资于境内后产生的减资、撤资、股权转让及利润、分红等收入；同一境外机构境内发行债券募集资金相关账户内资金相互划转；中国人民银行、国家外汇管理局规定的其他收入。 发债专户的支出范围是：发行债券募集资金汇出或购汇汇出境外；支付或结汇支付发行债券本息和相关税费；发行债券募集资金按规定向境内主体放款；向境内主体放款产生的本息偿还收入汇出或购汇汇出境外；发行债券募集资金按规定投资于境内；投资于境内后产生的减资、撤资、股权转让及利润、分红等收入汇出或购汇汇出境外；同一境外机构境内发行债券募集资金相关账户内资金相互划转；中国人民银行、国家外汇管理局规定的其他支出。 五、境外机构境内发行债券募集资金可汇往境外，也可留存境内使用，资金用途应与募集资金说明文件等所列内容一致。留存境内使用的，应符合直接投资、外债等管理规定。 鼓励境外机构境内发行债券募集资金以人民币形式跨境收付及使用。 六、境外机构可通过具备代客人民币对外汇衍生品业务资格的境内金融机构，按照实需交易原则办理外汇衍生品业务，管理境内发行债券相关汇率风险。 七、境外机构偿还境内发行债券本金、利息、支付相关税费的，资金可从境外或境内汇入发债专户。还本付息资金需结汇的，应按照债券还本付息计划进行。 八、相关银行应按照《人民币银行结算账户管理办法》（中国人民银行令〔2003〕第5号发布）、《人民币跨境收付信息管理系统管理办法》（银发〔2017〕126号文印发）、《中国人民银行办公厅关于完善人民币跨境收付信息管理系统银行间业务数据报送流程的通知》（银办发〔2017〕118号）等规定，报送境外机构境内发行债券相关监督和统计数据。 九、境外机构境内发行债券相关涉外收付款境内主体、境内登记结算机构应按照本通知和《通过银行进行国际收支统计申报业务实施细则》（汇发〔2022〕22号文印发）、《通过银行进行国际收支统计申报业务指引（2019版）》（汇发〔2019〕25号文印发）、《对外金融资产负债及交易统计制度》（汇发〔2021〕36号文印发）、《国家外汇管理局关于发布〈金融机构外汇业务数据采集规范（1.3版）〉的通知》（汇发〔2022〕13号）等规定，及时、准确进行国际收支统计申报。 十、境外机构根据本通知报送的材料应为中文文本。同时报送中文文本和外文文本的，以中文文本为准。 十一、本通知发布前已在境内发行债券且债券仍在存续期，但未办理登记的境外机构，应委托其境内主承销商参照本通知第三条的规定及时补办登记。 十二、本通知由中国人民银行、国家外汇管理局负责解释。 十三、本通知自2023年1月1日起实施。《中国人民银行办公厅关于境外机构在境内发行人民币债务融资工具跨境人民币结算有关事宜的通知》（银办发〔2014〕221号）和《中国人民银行办公厅关于境外机构境内发行人民币债券跨境人民币结算业务有关事宜的通知》（银办发〔2016〕258号）同时废止。 附件：1 境外机构境内发行债券基本信息登记表 2 境外机构境内发行债券募集资金信息登记表 中国人民银行 国家外汇管理局 2022年11月23日 2022-12-08/ningxia/2022/1208/2041.html
-
The State Administration of Foreign Exchange (SAFE) has recently released data on foreign exchange settlement and sales by banks as well as cross-border receipts and payments by non-banking sectors in October 2022. The SAFE Deputy Administrator and Press Spokesperson Wang Chunying answered media questions on China’s foreign exchange receipts and payments of October 2022. Q: Could you brief us on China’s foreign exchange receipts and payments in October 2022? A: China’s cross-border capital flow remained within a reasonable range in October. Trade in goods, foreign direct investment and other projects continued to play a fundamental role in stabilizing capital inflows. In October, cross-border funds related to the current account showed a certain scale of net inflow, up by 43% year-on-year. Specifically, trade in goods in terms of foreign-related receipts and payments saw a net inflow of USD 32.9 billion, a year-on-year increase of 19%. Besides, foreign direct investment capital maintained a net inflow. To be more specific, foreign investment in China’s bond market continued to recover, which reflected the resilience of China’s foreign-related economic development. It showed that foreign investors’ willingness to invest in China and allocate RMB assets in the long term remained generally stable. At the end of the year, it is usually a period of time when Chinese export enterprises collect payments and foreign investment companies plan out their investment intensively, and as a result, the related cross-border capital inflows tend to increase, which helps further strengthen the support for the foreign exchange market. In the future, the external environment will remain complex and volatile. With the development of economy and the evolution of inflation dynamics, there will be adjustments and changes in the monetary policies of major developed economies and their spillover effects on the world. Recently, the US dollar exchange rate has declined somewhat. China maintained strong resilience, great potential, and large room for maneuver in its economy. As China has continued to further optimize the epidemic prevention and control measures, the recovery of the Chinese economy will continue to consolidate. In the meantime, the structure of China’s international balance of payments has become more stable, the resilience of the foreign exchange market has been significantly enhanced through reform and opening-up, the macro-prudential adjustment tools have continued to improve, and the foundation and conditions for resisting external shocks have become more solid. As a result, China’s cross-border capital flow and foreign exchange market are expected to continue the steady and orderly development. 2022-11-15/en/2022/1115/2021.html
-
国家外汇管理局宁夏回族自治区分局辖内经营外汇业务区级保险机构情况表（截至2022年10月31日） 2022-11-10/ningxia/2022/1201/2037.html
-
宁夏回族自治区外币代兑业务机构名单（截至2022年10月31日） 2022-11-10/ningxia/2022/1208/2043.html
-
2022年11月3日上午，人民银行、外汇局召开学习贯彻党的二十大精神宣讲报告会。中央宣讲团成员、人民银行行长易纲作宣讲报告。人民银行党委委员、副行长刘国强主持会议，人民银行党委委员、外汇局党组成员参加报告会。 易纲结合党的十八大以来我国经济社会发展和中央银行工作实际，从党的二十大主题和主要成果、过去5年的工作和新时代10年的伟大变革、马克思主义中国化时代化、中国式现代化、全面建设社会主义现代化国家的目标任务、坚持党的全面领导和全面从严治党、应对风险挑战等七个方面，对党的二十大精神作了全面系统深入宣讲解读，并与参会同志互动交流。 易纲指出，党的二十大是在全党全国各族人民迈上全面建设社会主义现代化国家新征程、向第二个百年奋斗目标进军的关键时刻召开的一次十分重要的大会，是一次高举旗帜、凝聚力量、团结奋进的大会。习近平总书记作的二十大报告是闪耀着真理光辉的马克思主义纲领性文献，为我们做好经济金融工作明确了根本方向。 易纲结合经济金融领域工作实践，回顾了党的十九大以来5年的工作和新时代10年的伟大变革。在经济金融领域，10年间，我国经济年均增速6.6%，人均GDP从6300美元增加到12500多美元，经济总量稳居世界第二位，经济结构不断优化。金融服务实体经济能力水平显著提高，金融服务普惠性大幅提升，国际金融合作和参与全球金融治理不断深入，金融业实现了跨越式发展。新时代的伟大实践充分证明，党确立习近平同志党中央的核心、全党的核心地位，确立习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想的指导地位，是推动党和国家事业取得历史性成就、发生历史性变革的决定性因素，对新时代党和国家事业发展、对推进中华民族伟大复兴历史进程具有决定性意义。 易纲指出，要深刻领会二十大报告关于马克思主义中国化时代化的重要论述和“两个结合”的系统要求，深刻认识和用好“六个必须坚持”的真理力量和实践伟力，增强政治自觉、思想自觉、行动自觉，把习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想贯彻落实到金融工作的各方面全过程。 易纲强调，二十大报告明确提出全面建成社会主义现代化强国、实现第二个百年奋斗目标，以中国式现代化全面推进中华民族伟大复兴是新时代新征程党的中心任务，我们要全面认识中国式现代化的中国特色，准确理解中国式现代化的本质要求，更加扎实工作，推动金融业高质量发展，坚定不移扩大开放，为中国式现代化贡献金融力量。 易纲对二十大报告中关于全面建设社会主义现代化国家的目标任务及今后5年的战略部署作了深入阐释，重点讲解了经济建设及金融工作的新要求新举措。他指出，建设现代中央银行制度是党中央对金融工作作出的重要部署。人民银行、外汇局全体干部职工必须立足本职工作，落实好建设现代中央银行制度的要求。要完善货币政策体系，维护币值稳定，促进经济增长。增强人民币汇率弹性，保持人民币汇率在合理均衡水平上的基本稳定。深化金融改革，提升金融服务实体经济能力。加强和完善现代金融监管，强化金融稳定保障体系，为推动经济高质量发展和维护国家经济安全提供坚实有力保障。 易纲围绕二十大报告部署的坚持党的全面领导和全面从严治党7个方面的主要任务作了讲解，强调人民银行、外汇局系统要认真贯彻落实党的二十大关于党的建设的部署和要求，持之以恒推进全面从严治党，深入推进新时代党的建设新的伟大工程，以党的自我革命引领社会革命。 易纲指出，我国现代化建设面临一系列新课题新挑战，我国改革发展稳定不少深层次矛盾躲不开、绕不过，应对国内国际风险挑战的任务依然很重。二十大报告强调无论国际形势如何变化、风险挑战如何严峻，最根本的是要把我们自己的事情做好。我们要切实落实好党中央的要求，始终发扬斗争精神、增强斗争本领，战胜一切可以预见和难以预见的风险挑战。 易纲强调，人民银行、外汇局系统干部职工要把深入学习宣传贯彻党的二十大精神作为当前和今后一个时期首要政治任务，要切实把思想和行动统一到党的二十大精神上来，全面贯彻习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想，深刻领悟“两个确立”的决定性意义，增强“四个意识”、坚定“四个自信”、做到“两个维护”，坚定不移走中国特色金融发展之路，为全面建设社会主义现代化国家作出新的贡献。 宣讲报告会以视频形式召开。人民银行、外汇局各部门处级以上同志，地市中心支行以上分支机构负责同志及部门有关同志，所属企事业单位和相关单位负责同志，派驻纪检监察组负责同志及在京参事等8000多名干部职工分别在主会场和分会场参加报告会。（完） 2022-12-06/jilin/2022/1206/1868.html
-
中国人民银行行长 易纲 全国人民代表大会常务委员会： 按照全国人大常委会有关工作安排，受国务院委托，现就金融工作情况报告如下，请审议。 党的十八大以来，以习近平同志为核心的党中央高度重视金融工作。习近平经济思想特别是习近平总书记关于金融工作的系列重要论述和指示批示精神，为做好新时代金融工作提供了根本遵循。李克强总理对做好金融工作作出具体部署。党中央、国务院其他领导同志也多次作出指示批示。全国人大常委会给予有力的监督和指导。国务院金融稳定发展委员会统筹协调、靠前指挥，各相关部门、各地方政府大力配合。 在以习近平同志为核心的党中央坚强领导下，金融改革发展稳定各项工作稳步推进，助力经济社会发展取得历史性成就。实施稳健的货币政策，管住货币总闸门，守护好老百姓的钱袋子，社会融资规模增长与经济增长总体匹配，利率和汇率市场化改革稳步推进，人民币汇率形成机制进一步完善，有力促进稳增长、稳物价、稳就业和国际收支平衡。金融业综合实力大幅提升，金融业总资产超过400万亿元，5家银行、保险机构成为全球系统重要性金融机构，股票市场、债券市场和保险市场规模均居全球第二，外汇储备规模连续17年稳居全球第一。金融服务实体经济质效明显提升，制造业、科技创新等重点领域融资持续快速增长，绿色金融全球领先，普惠小微贷款实现“量增、面扩、价降”，数字金融服务走在世界前列。坚决遏制“脱实向虚”，影子银行规模较历史峰值压降接近30万亿元。金融改革开放呈现新局面，金融基础性制度建设持续加强，推动制定和修改法律法规规章百余部。稳步推进股票发行注册制改革，推出科创板，改革创业板，设立北京证券交易所。政策性、开发性银行实行分类分账管理。开展数字人民币试点。取消银行、证券、保险行业外资股比限制，人民币加入国际货币基金组织特别提款权（SDR），成为全球第三大篮子货币、第五大储备货币。防范化解重大金融风险取得重要阶段性成果，2017年至2021年，主动处置银行业不良资产超过12万亿元，精准处置“明天系”、“安邦系”、海航集团、方正集团等大型集团风险，平稳化解一批高风险中小金融机构风险，金融风险整体收敛。严肃查办项俊波、赖小民、胡怀邦、蔡鄂生等一批金融领域腐败大案要案，根据十九届中央第八轮巡视整改要求，开展“地毯式”整改。 党的十八大以来的金融工作有力促进了经济社会发展，为完成脱贫攻坚目标、全面建成小康社会、实现第一个百年奋斗目标作出了重要贡献。金融系统进一步提高了政治站位，深刻认识到，必须坚持党中央对金融工作的集中统一领导，坚持以人民为中心的金融价值取向，坚持金融服务实体经济的根本要求，坚持把防控风险作为金融工作永恒主题，坚持市场化法治化的改革开放方向，坚定走好中国特色金融发展之路。 一、2022年金融工作主要进展及成效 2022年以来，面对百年变局和世纪疫情相互叠加的复杂环境，金融系统认真贯彻落实党中央、国务院决策部署，按照“疫情要防住、经济要稳住、发展要安全”的要求，主动应对，靠前发力，坚决支持稳住经济大盘，有效防控金融风险，持续深化金融改革开放，切实改进金融服务，认真开展中央巡视整改。 （一）货币政策执行情况。 新冠肺炎疫情暴发以来，我国没有实施量化宽松、负利率等非常规货币政策，是少数实施正常货币政策的主要经济体之一。我国利率水平在全世界居中，在主要发展中国家中较低，确保了物价走势平稳可控，有力促进了经济稳定增长。2022年以来，进一步加强和完善了货币政策调控。一是加大稳健的货币政策实施力度。降准0.25个百分点，合理增加流动性，增强信贷总量增长的稳定性。9月末，广义货币供应量（M2）同比增长12.1%，社会融资规模存量同比增长10.6%，在保持物价稳定的情况下有力支持经济恢复。二是推动企业综合融资成本稳中有降。引导1年期、5年期以上贷款市场报价利率（LPR）分别下行0.15个、0.35个百分点。1月至9月，新发放企业贷款加权平均利率为4.24%，比上年同期下降0.29个百分点，处于历史较低水平。三是发挥结构性货币政策工具作用。精准设计并用好支农支小再贷款、普惠小微贷款支持工具、碳减排支持工具、煤炭清洁高效利用专项再贷款等结构性工具，创设科技创新、普惠养老、交通物流、设备更新改造四项专项再贷款，截至2022年9月末，各类工具余额总计5.55万亿元。调增政策性开发性银行8000亿元信贷额度，支持设立政策性开发性金融工具，保障重大基础设施项目建设。安排2000亿元专项借款，服务保交楼、稳民生。四是保持人民币汇率在合理均衡水平上的基本稳定。把握好内外平衡，适时调整金融机构外汇存款准备金率，更加注重预期引导和管理。人民币对国际主要货币汇率有升有贬，双向浮动，在全球表现相对稳健。五是用好央行结存利润支持稳增长。2022年1月至9月已依法向中央财政上缴结存利润1.13万亿元，直接增加财政可用财力，主要用于增值税留抵退税和增加向地方政府转移支付，支持助企纾困、稳就业、保民生。 （二）金融业运行和监督管理工作情况。 2022年，银行业、保险业、证券业金融机构总体稳健，股票市场和债券市场平稳运行。截至2022年6月末，金融业机构总资产407.42万亿元，保持合理增长；商业银行资本充足率和不良贷款率分别为14.87%、1.67%，保险公司平均综合偿付能力充足率220.8%，证券公司风险覆盖率、资本杠杆率中位数分别为291%、32%，均大幅优于监管标准。 人民银行、银保监会、证监会和外汇局落实金融管理和监管责任，加强金融监管，取得积极成效。一是加大监管执法力度。2022年1月至9月，人民银行处罚被监管机构521家次，处罚责任人员782人次，罚没合计约6.3亿元，向公安机关移送和通报案件线索280件；银保监会处罚银行保险机构3200家次，处罚责任人员5400人次，罚没合计20亿元；证监会严厉打击证券期货违法犯罪活动，办理案件522件，作出处罚决定224件，向公安机关移送和通报案件线索94件。加强期货现货联动监管，促进动力煤、原油等基础工业品价格平稳运行。二是完善各行业领域监管规则。建立重大改革和监管政策出台协调机制。制定关联交易管理办法，开展股权和关联交易专项整治，分五批向社会公开124个违法违规股东。完善平台企业金融业务监管。正式实施保险业偿付能力监管规则（Ⅱ）。建立上市公司常态化退市机制，出台行政罚没款优先用于投资者赔偿的规定，制定欺诈发行股票责令回购实施办法。签署中美审计监管合作协议。发布《宏观审慎政策指引（试行）》，实施系统重要性银行附加监管，依法批准设立中信金融控股公司、北京金融控股公司和招商局金融控股公司。三是加强金融法治建设。起草金融稳定法，推动加快修订人民银行法、反洗钱法、银行业监督管理法，推动出台期货和衍生品法，加快推进公司债券管理条例和上市公司监管条例的起草出台。四是严厉惩治金融腐败。一体推进惩治金融腐败和防控金融风险，严厉惩治金融风险背后的监管失守及违法犯罪行为。 （三）金融支持实体经济情况。 新冠肺炎疫情暴发以来，先后发布实施强化金融支持防控疫情30条措施、支持受疫情影响严重地区和行业恢复发展23条举措，加强产业链协同复工复产金融服务，大力支持保供稳价，助力市场主体纾困和经济恢复发展。2022年以来，进一步加大对实体经济的金融支持力度。一是保持融资总量合理充裕。2022年1月至9月，人民币贷款新增18.08万亿元，同比多增1.36万亿元；上海证券交易所、深圳证券交易所共有265家企业首次公开发行股票（IPO），融资4791亿元，数量和融资金额均居全球首位。二是加大对重点领域支持力度。截至2022年9月末，制造业中长期贷款余额8.75万亿元，同比增长30.8%；科技型中小企业贷款余额1.56万亿元，同比增长26.3%。发布绿色金融指引。充分发挥科创板、创业板和北交所服务“硬科技”、创业创新、“专精特新”企业的作用，截至2022年9月末，科创板、创业板融资金额占同期全市场的一半以上，北交所上市公司突破110家。三是普惠金融取得积极进展。截至2022年9月末，普惠小微贷款余额23.2万亿元，同比增长24.6%；授信户数超过5389万户，同比增长31.7%。2022年1月至9月，共支持银行发行小微企业专项金融债券2255.1亿元、“三农”专项金融债券214.2亿元。做好新市民金融服务，截至2022年6月末，专属贷款余额约1.2万亿元。四是提升基础金融服务水平。扎实稳妥推进数字人民币试点测试，试点地区拓展到15个省市的23个地区。省级地方征信平台建设加快推进，小微企业“征信通”稳企纾困成效显著。扩大跨境融资便利化试点，将优质企业贸易外汇收支便利化政策推广至全国，提升跨境投融资和贸易便利化水平。 （四）金融体系改革和对外开放情况。 始终坚持通过深化改革开放，解决金融领域深层次问题，实现金融高质量发展。2022年以来，金融改革开放取得新进展。一是深化金融机构改革。推动政策性开发性银行分类分账改革。统筹推进中小银行改革化险，用好专项债额度补充中小银行资本。二是发展多层次金融市场。做好全面实行股票发行注册制各项准备。推出科创板做市商制度，推动北交所转板上市制度正式落地。统一境外投资者投资我国债券市场政策，债券市场互联互通取得积极进展。推进车险综合改革，稳步实现“增保、提质、降价”目标。规范发展第三支柱养老保险，批准国民养老保险公司开业，启动养老储蓄试点，专属商业养老保险试点区域扩大到全国，养老理财产品试点扩展至“十地十机构”。三是扩大高水平金融对外开放。拓宽沪深港通标的范围，正式启动互联互通下交易型开放式基金（ETF）交易。人民币在国际货币基金组织特别提款权货币篮子的权重从10.92%上升至12.28%。与香港金融管理局建立常备货币互换安排，为香港市场提供更加稳定、长期限的流动性支持。推进绿色金融国际合作，牵头制定二十国集团转型金融框架。 （五）防范化解金融风险隐患情况。 2018年以来，按照党中央确立的“稳定大局、统筹协调、分类施策、精准拆弹”的基本方针，坚决打好防范化解重大金融风险攻坚战，取得重要阶段性成果，金融风险整体收敛、总体可控，金融体系经受住了复杂环境的冲击考验。2022年以来，继续积极稳妥化解金融风险。一是持续化解金融机构风险。推进辽宁省高风险中小银行处置工作，吸收合并省内两家高风险城市商业银行、组建辽沈银行，批准辽阳农商银行、太子河村镇银行进入破产程序。支持河南省、安徽省稳妥处置5家村镇银行风险事件。推进不良资产认定和处置，2022年1月至8月处置不良资产1.74万亿元。持续压降高风险影子银行业务。二是有序处置高风险企业集团。推进海航集团、方正集团、忠旺集团等重点集团金融风险处置取得积极进展。三是妥善化解房地产金融风险。推动房地产企业风险处置，做好金融支持保交楼工作。引导金融机构支持房地产业合理融资需求，校正过度避险行为，推动个人住房贷款利率下行，更好满足刚性和改善性住房需求。四是严厉打击非法金融活动。打击非法集资、境内虚拟货币交易炒作和地下钱庄、跨境赌博等非法跨境金融活动。五是构建防范化解金融风险长效机制。推动加快制定金融稳定法，初步建立金融稳定保障基金。健全金融委办公室地方协调机制，推动各地建立省级金融风险化解委员会。健全资本市场风险预防预警处置问责制度体系。 二、下一步工作考虑 以习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想为指导，学习好、领会好、贯彻好党的二十大精神，坚持党对金融工作的坚强领导，全面践行金融工作的政治性、人民性，提升专业性，以深化金融供给侧结构性改革为主线，坚持稳中求进工作总基调，完整、准确、全面贯彻新发展理念，不折不扣落实中央巡视整改要求，统筹发展与安全，牢牢守住不发生系统性金融风险的底线，坚定不移走中国特色金融发展之路，实现金融高质量发展。 （一）继续实施稳健的货币政策。 今后一段时期，我国有条件尽量长时间保持正常的货币政策，维护币值稳定。总量上，保持流动性合理充裕，加大对实体经济的信贷支持力度，保持货币供应量和社会融资规模增速与名义经济增速基本匹配，疏通货币政策传导机制，增强信贷增长的稳定性，助力实现扩投资、带就业、促消费综合效应，稳定宏观经济大盘。价格上，持续深化利率市场化改革，发挥贷款市场报价利率改革效能，进一步推动金融机构降低实际贷款利率，降低企业综合融资和个人消费信贷成本。加强预期管理，增强人民币汇率弹性，保持人民币汇率在合理均衡水平上的基本稳定。结构上，持续支持“三农”、小微企业发展，继续用好结构性货币政策工具，突出金融支持重点领域，运用好碳减排支持工具和支持煤炭清洁高效利用、科技创新、普惠养老、交通物流、设备更新改造等专项再贷款。 （二）全面加强和完善金融监管。 进一步提升金融监管有效性，弥补监管短板，强化金融风险源头管控。一是强化审慎监管。坚守监管主责主业，把好金融机构准入关，加强对股东资质、股权关系的穿透核查和股东行为监管，坚决纠正违规关联交易，防止大股东操纵和内部人控制。依法将各类金融活动全部纳入监管，加强对非法金融活动的认定，严厉打击“无照驾驶”行为。二是强化监管执法和监管效能。严格履行监管职责，依法监管、依法行政，保持行政处罚高压态势，严厉打击金融犯罪。加快监管数字化智能化建设，丰富执法手段。推动监管数据共享，推进金融数据治理，提高数据真实性和数据质量。三是依法规范和引导资本健康发展。稳妥推进并尽快完成平台企业金融业务整改，实施常态化监管，既坚持“两个毫不动摇”，支持资本依法依规开展投融资活动，又坚决防止资本无序扩张。四是加强金融法治建设。抓紧推进金融稳定法出台，加快修订人民银行法、商业银行法、保险法、信托法、票据法、反洗钱法等重要基础性法律。五是强化金融反腐和人才队伍建设。加强对关键人、关键岗位、关键环节的管理，打造一支政治觉悟高、业务素质强、作风过硬、清正廉洁的金融队伍，一体推进不敢腐不能腐不想腐。 （三）进一步加大金融支持实体经济力度。 坚持金融服务实体经济的宗旨和本源，继续加大对实体经济的支持力度，保持经济运行在合理区间。一是满足实体经济有效融资需求。鼓励银行业金融机构合理加大信贷投放力度，有效发挥保险资金优势。引导金融机构通过高适配性的金融产品和服务创新，刺激和释放新需求。二是完善薄弱环节金融服务。建立健全金融服务小微企业敢贷愿贷能贷会贷长效机制，推动完善贷款担保、尽职免责、不良核销、资本占用等配套机制。落实落细各项金融纾困政策，用好金融科技手段，强化小微企业、“三农”等普惠金融服务，进一步提升新市民金融服务水平。三是强化经济转型升级金融支持。引导更多资金投向先进制造业、战略性新兴产业，更好服务关键核心技术攻关企业和“专精特新”企业。创新绿色金融产品和服务。四是支持基础设施和重大项目建设。用好用足政策性开发性金融工具，支持重大项目资本金尽快到位。稳步扩大REITs试点范围，促进盘活存量资产。五是加强金融基础设施建设。研究推动出台数字人民币相关法律法规和行业配套政策。持续推进小微企业“征信通”建设，依法加强个人信息保护。 （四）不断深化金融改革和对外开放。 加快构建新发展格局，迈向高质量发展阶段，需要进一步深化金融供给侧结构性改革，支持经济发展方式转变和经济结构优化。一是优化金融结构。提升金融机构的稳健性，加大不良资产核销力度，强化资本补充。督促中小金融机构回归本源和主业，有序推进中小银行改革重组，积极稳妥推进农村信用社改革。促进金融业数字化转型。提高直接融资比重，增加长期资本供给，满足不同类型、不同生命周期企业的多元化、差异化融资需求。二是深化金融市场改革。坚持“建制度、不干预、零容忍”方针，加强资本市场基础制度建设，适时全面实行股票发行注册制，进一步提高上市公司质量，壮大各类中长期投资力量，强化投资者保护。促进债券市场各类基础设施之间有序互联互通。积极稳妥发展期货市场，完善衍生品市场监管体制。推动境外上市备案制度落地实施，支持符合条件的企业境外上市。强化保险保障功能，促进第三支柱养老保险健康发展，深化车险综合改革。三是扩大高水平金融开放。在安全可控前提下，进一步完善准入前国民待遇加负面清单的管理模式，提升我国金融市场的投资便利性，构建与金融高水平开放要求相适应的监管体系，提高金融机构“走出去”经营管理水平和全球竞争力。有序推进人民币国际化。坚持多边主义原则，积极参与国际金融合作与治理。 （五）积极稳妥防范化解金融风险。 金融是经营管理风险的行业，防范化解金融风险是金融工作的永恒主题，要以“时时放心不下”的责任感，进一步做好防范化解金融风险工作。加强风险监测评估和预警，加快不良资产处置，支持中小银行多渠道补充资本，稳妥化解中小金融机构风险，防范大型企业债务风险。保持房地产融资平稳有序，满足刚性和改善性住房需求，支持保交楼、稳民生，推动建立房地产发展新模式。严厉打击非法金融活动，继续做好P2P网贷存量风险处置等工作。坚持市场化法治化原则，压实金融机构及股东、金融管理部门和地方政府等各方责任，健全地方党政主要领导负责的重大风险处置机制，发挥好存款保险风险处置操作平台作用，夯实资源保障体系，形成“好人得好报、坏人得坏报”的正确预期，建立维护金融稳定的长效机制。对跨行业、跨区域和跨境风险，加强监管协同和上下联动，牢牢守住不发生系统性金融风险的底线。 我们将更加紧密团结在以习近平同志为核心的党中央周围，深入学习贯彻党的二十大精神，深刻领悟“两个确立”的决定性意义，进一步增强“四个意识”、坚定“四个自信”、做到“两个维护”，不断提高政治判断力、政治领悟力、政治执行力，坚决贯彻党中央、国务院决策部署，认真落实全国人大常委会审议意见，担当作为、求真务实，全面推进金融业高质量发展，为全面建成社会主义现代化强国、实现第二个百年奋斗目标、以中国式现代化全面推进中华民族伟大复兴贡献力量！ （来源：中国人大网） 2022-12-05/jilin/2022/1205/1867.html
-
2022年10月24日，人民银行党委、外汇局党组召开扩大会议，认真传达学习党的二十大和党的二十届一中全会精神，研究部署贯彻落实工作。人民银行党委书记、副行长郭树清主持会议，党委副书记、行长易纲，人民银行党委委员、副行长、外汇局党组书记、局长潘功胜及各位党委委员、党组成员参加会议。 人民银行党委、外汇局党组一致认为，党的二十大是在全党全国各族人民迈上全面建设社会主义现代化国家新征程、向第二个百年奋斗目标进军的关键时刻召开的一次十分重要的大会。习近平总书记代表十九届中央委员会所作的报告全面总结了过去五年工作和新时代十年的伟大变革，精辟论述了开辟马克思主义中国化时代化新境界的过程和规律，指明了新时代新征程中国共产党的使命任务，对以中国式现代化全面推进中华民族伟大复兴作出全面擘画。报告举旗定向、思想深邃、气势恢宏，是我们党开启新征程、谱写新篇章的政治宣言和行动指南，是闪耀着真理光辉的马克思主义纲领性文献，为我们做好经济金融工作明确了根本方向。大会通过的《中国共产党章程（修正案）》，充分体现马克思主义中国化时代化最新成果，充分体现党的十九大以来党中央提出的治国理政新理念新思想新战略，充分体现党的工作和党的建设新鲜经验，适应新形势新任务对党的工作和党的建设提出的新要求，具有重大而深远的意义。党的二十届一中全会选举产生了以习近平同志为核心的新一届中央领导集体，充分反映了全党意志和人民期待，人民银行党委、外汇局党组完全赞成，坚决拥护。 人民银行党委、外汇局党组一致认为，党的十八大以来，在以习近平同志为核心的党中央坚强领导下，金融事业也取得历史性成就，发生历史性变革。金融支持实体经济质效大幅提升。宏观经济政策和宏观调控成效明显，物价水平保持稳定，国际收支基本平衡，经济基本盘更加坚实。第五次全国金融工作会议指出的八方面风险明显收敛。金融改革开放取得新的重大突破。人民银行党委、外汇局党组坚信，有习近平总书记掌舵领航，有习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想的科学指引，中国特色金融发展之路必将越走越宽、越走越好。 会议要求，人民银行、外汇局系统必须更加紧密地团结在以习近平同志为核心的党中央周围，深刻领悟“两个确立”的决定性意义，不断增强全面建成社会主义现代化强国、实现第二个百年奋斗目标的使命感责任感，扎实履行职责，深化金融体制改革，建设现代中央银行制度，着力构建高水平社会主义市场经济体制，全面推进中国式现代化。 一是精心组织学习宣传党的二十大精神。各级党组织要把深入学习贯彻党的二十大精神作为当前和今后一个时期的重要政治任务，按照党中央统一部署，抓紧在全系统开展宣讲宣传、培训教育、专题研讨，引导全体党员干部职工准确把握党的二十大提出的一系列新理念、新思想、新战略、新举措，切实把思想和行动统一到会议精神上来。各级党委（党组）要加强组织领导，主要负责同志要发挥好带学促学作用，切实增强学习贯彻会议精神的针对性实效性。 二是加强党中央对金融工作的集中统一领导。各级党委（党组）要增强“四个意识”、坚定“四个自信”，以实际行动做到“两个维护”，把党的领导这一制度优势转化为金融治理效能。要把加强党的领导贯穿于金融工作的全过程、各方面，坚决、高效落实党中央重大决策部署，严格执行民主集中制和请示报告制度，深刻把握金融工作正确的政治方向。要深入学习领会习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想蕴含的立场观点方法，坚持运用到服务实体经济、防控金融风险、深化金融改革各项工作中。 三是促进经济高质量发展。坚持和完善社会主义基本经济制度，毫不动摇巩固和发展公有制经济，毫不动摇鼓励、支持、引导非公有制经济发展。当前，我国经济的潜在增长率保持在较高水平，构建新发展格局的要素条件较为充足，有效需求的恢复势头日益明显，物价水平基本稳定，贸易顺差有望保持高位，人民币汇率保持基本稳定具有坚实基础。人民银行、外汇局要继续保持货币信贷总量合理增长，加大对科技创新、乡村振兴、区域协调发展、绿色发展等重点领域支持力度，稳定宏观经济大盘。深化汇率市场化改革，增强人民币汇率弹性，保持人民币汇率在合理均衡水平上的基本稳定。落实落细金融服务小微企业、民营企业敢贷愿贷能贷会贷长效机制，增强微观主体活力。加强部门协作，维护股市、债市、楼市健康发展。推进金融市场高水平双向开放，支持香港国际金融中心持续繁荣发展。 四是坚持全心全意为人民服务。强化对重点领域、薄弱环节和受疫情影响行业、群体的支持，抓好已出台政策落地见效，研究出台新的政策举措。更好满足居民的刚性和改善性住房需求，加大力度助推“保交楼、稳民生”工作。指导推动金融创新，加强新市民金融服务。建立健全金融风险防范、预警和处置机制，牢牢守住不发生系统性风险的底线，维护好广大人民群众的利益。落实全面依法治国部署要求，加快推动金融法治建设，平等保护各类市场主体合法权益。严格依法行政，加强个人信息保护和金融消费权益保护。 五是坚定不移全面从严治党。各级党委（党组）要扎实履行全面从严治党政治责任，深入推进新时代党的建设新的伟大工程，以高质量党建推动金融事业高质量发展。以钉钉子精神，持续巩固拓展巡视整改成果。深入贯彻新时代党的组织路线，建设一支忠诚、干净、担当、专业的金融干部人才队伍。锲而不舍落实中央八项规定精神，持续深化纠治“四风”。旗帜鲜明支持各级纪检监察机构履职，一体推进不敢腐、不能腐、不想腐。 本次扩大会议以电视会议形式召开。人民银行各司局、党委各部门、各分支机构、各所属单位负责同志，外汇局各部门、各企事业单位负责同志，驻人民银行纪检监察组负责同志参加会议。（完） 2022-11-30/jilin/2022/1129/1862.html
-
2022年9月，我国国际收支货物和服务贸易进出口规模42833亿元，同比增长10%。其中，货物贸易出口21291亿元，进口16454亿元，顺差4837亿元；服务贸易出口2131亿元，进口2957亿元，逆差826亿元。服务贸易主要项目为：运输服务进出口规模1854亿元，其他商业服务进出口规模890亿元，旅行服务进出口规模813亿元，电信、计算机和信息服务进出口规模517亿元。 按美元计值，2022年9月，我国国际收支货物和服务贸易出口3364亿美元，进口2788亿美元，顺差576亿美元。（完） 中国国际收支货物和服务贸易数据 2022年9月 项目 按人民币计值 （亿元） 按美元计值 （亿美元） 货物和服务贸易差额 4011 576 贷方 23422 3364 借方 -19411 -2788 1.货物贸易差额 4837 695 贷方 21291 3058 借方 -16454 -2363 2.服务贸易差额 -826 -119 贷方 2131 306 借方 -2957 -425 2.1加工服务差额 83 12 贷方 88 13 借方 -5 -1 2.2维护和维修服务差额 29 4 贷方 57 8 借方 -28 -4 2.3运输差额 -207 -30 贷方 824 118 借方 -1030 -148 2.4旅行差额 -678 -97 贷方 67 10 借方 -746 -107 2.5建设差额 47 7 贷方 90 13 借方 -43 -6 2.6保险和养老金服务差额 -156 -22 贷方 34 5 借方 -189 -27 2.7金融服务差额 9 1 贷方 33 5 借方 -24 -3 2.8知识产权使用费差额 -207 -30 贷方 83 12 借方 -290 -42 2.9电信、计算机和信息服务差额 106 15 贷方 311 45 借方 -205 -29 2.10其他商业服务差额 168 24 贷方 529 76 借方 -361 -52 2.11个人、文化和娱乐服务差额 -11 -2 贷方 8 1 借方 -20 -3 2.12别处未提及的政府货物和服务差额 -8 -1 贷方 8 1 借方 -16 -2 注： 1. 本表所称国际收支货物和服务贸易与国际收支平衡表中的货物和服务口径一致，是指居民与非居民之间发生的交易。月度数据为初步数据，可能与国际收支平衡表中的季度数据不一致。 2. 国际收支货物和服务贸易数据按美元编制，当月人民币计值数据由美元数据按月均人民币对美元中间价折算得到。 3.本表计数采用四舍五入原则。 指标解释： 国际收支货物和服务贸易：是指居民与非居民之间发生的货物贸易和服务贸易进出口，与国际收支平衡表的口径相同。 1．货物贸易: 指经济所有权在我国居民与非居民之间发生转移的货物进出口。贷方记录货物出口，借方记录货物进口。货物账户数据主要来源于海关进出口统计，但与海关统计存在以下主要区别：一是国际收支中的货物只记录所有权发生了转移的货物（如一般贸易、进料加工贸易等贸易方式的货物），所有权未发生转移的货物（如来料加工或出料加工贸易）不纳入货物统计，而纳入服务贸易统计；二是计价方面，国际收支统计要求进出口货值均按离岸价格记录，海关出口货值为离岸价格，但进口货值为到岸价格，因此国际收支统计从海关进口货值中调出国际运保费支出，并纳入服务贸易统计；三是补充了海关未统计的转手买卖下的货物净出口数据。 2．服务贸易：包括加工服务，维护和维修服务，运输，旅行，建设，保险和养老金服务，金融服务，知识产权使用费，电信、计算机和信息服务，其他商业服务，个人、文化和娱乐服务以及别处未提及的政府服务。贷方记录我国提供的服务，即服务出口；借方记录我国接受的服务，即服务进口。 2.1加工服务：又称“对他人拥有的实物投入的制造服务”，指货物的所有权没有在所有者和加工方之间发生转移，加工方仅提供加工、装配、包装等服务，并从货物所有者处收取加工服务费用。贷方记录我国居民为非居民拥有的实物提供的加工服务。借方记录我国居民接受非居民的加工服务。 2.2维护和维修服务：指居民或非居民向对方所拥有的货物和设备（如船舶、飞机及其他运输工具）提供的维修和保养工作。贷方记录我国居民向非居民提供的维护和维修服务。借方记录我国居民接受的非居民维护和维修服务。 2.3运输：指将人和物体从一地点运送至另一地点的过程以及相关辅助和附属服务，以及邮政和邮递服务。贷方记录居民向非居民提供的国际运输、邮政快递等服务。借方记录居民接受的非居民国际运输、邮政快递等服务。 2.4旅行：指旅行者在其作为非居民的经济体旅行期间消费的物品和购买的服务。贷方记录我国居民向在我国境内停留不足一年的非居民以及停留期限不限的非居民留学人员和就医人员提供的货物和服务。借方记录我国居民境外旅行、留学或就医期间购买的非居民货物和服务。 2.5建设服务：指建筑形式的固定资产的建立、翻修、维修或扩建，工程性质的土地改良、道路、桥梁和水坝等工程建筑，相关的安装、组装、油漆、管道施工、拆迁和工程管理等，以及场地准备、测量和爆破等专项服务。贷方记录我国居民在经济领土之外提供的建设服务。借方记录我国居民在我国经济领土内接受的非居民建设服务。 2.6保险和养老金服务：指各种保险服务，以及同保险交易有关的代理商的佣金。贷方记录我国居民向非居民提供的人寿保险和年金、非人寿保险、再保险、标准化担保服务以及相关辅助服务。借方记录我国居民接受非居民的人寿保险和年金、非人寿保险、再保险、标准化担保服务以及相关辅助服务。 2.7金融服务：指金融中介和辅助服务，但不包括保险和养老金服务项目所涉及的服务。贷方记录我国居民向非居民提供的金融中介和辅助服务。借方记录我国居民接受非居民的金融中介和辅助服务。 2.8知识产权使用费：指居民和非居民之间经许可使用无形的、非生产/非金融资产和专有权以及经特许安排使用已问世的原作或原型的行为。贷方记录我国居民向非居民提供的知识产权相关服务。借方记录我国居民使用的非居民知识产权服务。 2.9电信、计算机和信息服务：指居民和非居民之间的通信服务以及与计算机数据和新闻有关的服务交易，但不包括以电话、计算机和互联网为媒介交付的商业服务。贷方记录本国居民向非居民提供的电信服务、计算机服务和信息服务。借方记录本国居民接受非居民提供的电信服务、计算机服务和信息服务。 2.10其他商业服务: 指居民和非居民之间其他类型的服务，包括研发服务，专业和管理咨询服务，技术、贸易相关等服务。贷方记录我国居民向非居民提供的其他商业服务。借方记录我国居民接受的非居民其他商业服务。 2.11个人、文化娱乐服务:指居民和非居民之间与个人、文化和娱乐有关的服务交易，包括视听和相关服务（电影、收音机、电视节目和音乐录制品），其他个人、文化娱乐服务（健康、教育等）。贷方记录我国居民向非居民提供的相关服务。借方记录我国居民接受的非居民相关服务。 2.12别处未提及的政府货物和服务：指在其他货物和服务类别中未包括的政府和国际组织提供和购买的各项货物和服务。贷方记录我国居民向非居民提供的别处未涵盖的货物和服务。借方记录我国居民向非居民购买的别处未涵盖的货物和服务。 2022-12-01/jilin/2022/1129/1863.html