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The SAFE recently released China 's International Investment Position for year-end 2007. At the end of 2007, China 's external financial assets reached USD 2288.1 billion, up 39% over the end of 2006; external financial liabilities reached USD 1266.1 billion, a rise of 23% yoy; external net financial assets totaled USD 1022 billion, an increase of 67% yoy. In terms of external financial assets, direct investments abroad totaled USD 107.6 billion, portfolio investments USD 239.5 billion, other investments USD 406.1 billion, and reserves assets USD 1,534.9 billion, accounting for 5%, 10%, 18%, and 67% respectively. In terms of external financial liabilities, foreign direct investments totaled USD 742.4 billion, portfolio investments USD 142.6 billion, and other investments USD 381 billion, accounting for 59%, 11%, and 30% respectively. The International Investment Position (hereafter referred to as the IIP) is a statistical statement which reflects at a specific point the stocks of financial assets and liabilities of one country or region to other countries or regions of the world, and together with the balance of payments statements (BOP statements) constitutes the complete international account system of the country or region indicating the trade flows. The SAFE has adjusted the IIP for year-end 2006 according to the latest data. China 's International Investment Position Unit: USD 100 million Items End of 2006 End of 2007 Net Position 6114 10220 A. Assets 16442 22881 1.Direct Investments Abroad 906 1076 2. Portfolio Investment 2292 2395 2.1 Equity Securities 15 189 2.2 Debt Securities 2278 2206 3. Other Investments 2515 4061 3.1 Trade Credits 1161 1415 3.2 Loans 670 888 3.3 Currency and Deposits 474 503 3.4 Other Assets 210 1255 4. Reserves Assets 10729 15349 4.1 Monetary Gold 43 46 4.2 Special Drawing Rights 11 12 4.3 Reserves Position in the Fund 11 8 4.4 Foreign Exchange 10663 15282 B. Liabilities 10328 12661 1. Foreign Direct Investments 6125 7424 2. Portfolio Investment 1207 1426 2.1 Equity Securities 1065 1250 2.2 Debt Securities 142 176 3. Other Investments 2996 3810 3.1 Trade Credits 1040 1323 3.2 Loans 985 1033 3.3 Currency and Deposits 589 981 3.4 Other Liabilities 382 473 Notes: 1. This IIP employs rounded-off numbers. 2. Net position refers to assets minus liabilities, + means net assets, and -means net liabilities. 3. Since 2006, the IIP has employed the data on stocks of foreign direct investments generated from the annual joint survey of six departments, such as the Ministry of Commerce and the Ministry of Finance, as the source of the data on foreign direct investment. Compilation Principles and Indexes for the IIP I. Compilation Principles for the IIP In accordance with the standards of the Balance of Payment Manual (Fifth Edition) published by the International Monetary Fund (IMF), the IIP is a statistical statement which reflects at a specific point the stocks of financial assets and liabilities of one country or region to other countries or regions of the world. Changes in the IIP can be caused by changes in the transactions, prices, and exchange rates as well as by other adjustments during specific periods. The IIP remains consistent with the BOP statement with regard to the principles of valuation, measurement, and conversion, and together with the BOP statement constitutes a complete international account system of the country or region. Chinas IIP is a statistical statement which reflects at a specific point the stocks of the financial assets and liabilities of China (excluding in the following Hong Kong SAR, Macao SAR, and Taiwan Province ) to other countries or regions of the world. II. Major IIP Indexes According to the standards of the IMF, the items on the IIP are categorized according to assets and liabilities. The assets are divided into Chinas direct investments abroad, portfolio investments, other investments, and reserves assets, whereas the liabilities are divided into foreign direct investments, portfolio investments, and other investments. The net position refers to assets minus liabilities. The items are specifically defined as follows: 1. Direct investment refers to external investment in which an investor of one country operates an enterprise located in another country with the aim of acquiring effective control over the enterprise. It consists of direct investment abroad and foreign direct investment. Direct investment abroad includes the stocks of direct investment abroad conducted by Chinas non-financial sectors, the stocks of the capital funds and working capital appropriated by domestic banks to set up branches overseas, as well as the stocks of loans between parent companies and subsidiaries both in China and abroad and the stocks of other receivables and payables. Foreign direct investment includes the stocks of foreign direct investment absorbed by Chinas non-financial sectors, the stocks of direct investment overseas absorbed by the financial sectors (including foreign investment attracted by branches of foreign financial sectors and Chinese-funded financial sectors, and investments from the foreign party in joint financial sectors), as well as the stocks of loans between parent companies and subsidiaries both in China and abroad and the stocks of other receivables and payables. 2. Portfolio investment includes types of investment such as shares, long- and medium-term bonds, and money market instruments. Portfolio investment assets refer to holdings of negotiable securities, such as shares, bonds, money market instruments, and derivative financial instruments, which are held by Chinese residents but issued by non-resident enterprises. Portfolio investment liabilities refer to shares and bonds held by non-resident enterprises but issued by Chinese residents. 2.1 Equity securities mainly comprise securities in the form of stocks. 2.2 Debt securities include long-term and medium-term bonds, short-term (one year or less) bonds, and money-market instruments or transferable debt instruments such as short-term treasury notes, commercial papers, and large-sum short-term negotiable certificates of deposits. 3. Other investment refers to all financial assets and liabilities, including trade credits, loans, currency, and deposits, as well as other assets and liabilities, but excluding direct investments, portfolio investments, and reserves assets. Long term means the contract period of the relevant financial assets/liabilities is longer than one year, whereas short term means the contract period is one year or less. 3.1 Trade credit refers to direct business credit arising from the import and export of goods between China and other countries. Assets refer to the receivables of Chinas exporters and the advance payments by Chinas importers, whereas liabilities refer to the payables of Chinas importers and the advance receipts of Chinas exporters. 3.2 As to loans, assets refer to the external assets held by domestic institutions through providing loans to overseas institutions; liabilities refer to the loans borrowed by domestic institutions, such as loans from foreign governments, loans from international institutions, loans from foreign banks, and sellerscredits. 3.3 As to currency and deposits, assets refer to the funds deposited abroad and the foreign cash in stock held by China's financial institutions; liabilities refer to the overseas private deposits and short-term funds from foreign banks attracted by China's financial institutions, as well as other short-term funds such as loans from foreign exporters and individuals. 3.4 Other assets/liabilities refer to investments other than trade credits, loans, currency, and deposits, for example, capital paid by non-currency international institutions and other receivables and payables. 4. Reserves assets refer to external assets that can be used at any time and that are effectively controlled by the PBOC, consisting of monetary gold, special drawing rights (SDRs), the reserves position in the Fund, and foreign exchange. 4.1 Monetary gold refers to the gold held by the PBOC as reserve. 4.2 SDR is a kind of ledger assets, which is allocated by the IMF according to the capital share of its members; it can be used to repay the debt to the IMF and make up for the deficit in the balance of payments between the governments of member countries. 4.3 Reserves positions in the Fund refer to assets that are held in the ordinary accounts of the IMF and that can be freely used. 4.4 Foreign exchange refers to current assets and liabilities that are retained by the PBOC and that can be used as a means of international compensation. 2008-06-20/en/2008/0620/869.html
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In order to strengthen supervision of cross-border capital flows, perfect examination of the authenticity and conformity of export transactions and foreign exchange collection and settlement, the State Administration of Foreign Exchange (SAFE), the Ministry of Commerce, and the General Administration of Customs (GACC) recently jointly promulgated the "Measures for the Online Inspection of Foreign Exchange Collection and Settlement of Export Proceeds" (hereinafter referred to as "the Measures"), and decided to implement management of online inspection of foreign exchange collection and settlement of export proceeds beginning from July 14, 2008. The SAFE also published the "Notice on Issues regarding Implementation of the Measures for the Online Inspection of Foreign Exchange Collection and Settlement of Export Proceeds." Implementation of online inspection of foreign exchange collection and settlement of export proceeds will check on conditions regarding foreign exchange collection and settlement of export proceeds of enterprises under the condition that their exported goods go through customs, with a view to effectively determining the actual trade background of capital flows under the item of trade in goods so as to ensure the authenticity and conformity of exports and foreign exchange collection and settlement. The Measures stipulate that the foreign exchange collected by an enterprise from exports (including the advance receipts) shall first be put into a to-be-checked account for foreign exchange collected from exports. When an enterprise sells or transfers foreign exchange from the to-be-checked account, the bank shall log onto the online inspection system for foreign exchange collection and settlement of export proceeds and make a note regarding the receivable amount of foreign exchange under the corresponding trade category in the inspection system. The online inspection system for foreign exchange collection and settlement of export proceeds was established by the SAFE, the Ministry of Commerce, and the General Administration of Customs, relying on the China E-port and drawing on the successful experience of online inspection of import payments in foreign exchange in 1998. The online inspection system uses electronic information networking to replace the traditional paper vouchers and certificates to check and supervise foreign exchange collection and settlement under the item of trade in goods. This approach is convenient for banks and enterprises in terms of operations, saving them considerable time, raising efficiency, and also improving regulatory efficacy. In order to continue providing conveniences for legal and standardized operations of trading activities for enterprises, adequate consideration will be given to the different features of each trading category and each industry by providing differential treatment in identifying the corresponding relationship between authenticity and conformity between exports and foreign exchange collection and settlement. To facilitate implementation of the online inspection system for foreign exchange collection and settlement of export proceeds, to perfect statistical supervision of the external debt, to restrict the scale of the short-term external debt, the SAFE simultaneously released the "Circular on Issues concerning Implementation of External Debt Registration and Management under the Item of Corporate Trade in Goods," mandating registration and management of corporate export advance receipts and import deferred payments. Strengthening of the follow-up monitoring of the advance receipts and prospective actual exports is necessary to prevent capital without a real trade background from flowing into China through trade channels to obtain speculative income, while the improvement in the supervision and management of import deferred payments is conducive to controlling potential debt risks and preventing huge capital outflows in the future. While strengthening management of trade credits, the administration will give adequate consideration to the actual needs of special industries and enterprises, such as large complete-sets of equipment and the shipping industry. The online inspection system for foreign exchange collection and settlement of export proceeds will run on a trial basis as of July 14, 2008 and will be put into formal operation as of August 4, 2008. Registration of export advance receipts and import deferred payments will be implemented as of July 14, 2008 and October 1, 2008 respectively. Enforcement of the above two policies will further perfect the methods for inspecting the authenticity of trade in goods, which will help improve China's foreign trade environment, regulate capital inflows and outflows of foreign exchange under the item of trade in goods, resolve the problem of discrepancies between exports and foreign exchange collection and settlement, promote the smooth and healthy development of our country's foreign economy, prevent international economic risks, and create a more favorable environment for further reform and opening-up. (End) 2008-07-02/en/2008/0702/871.html
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Hu Xiaolian, Deputy Governor of the People's Bank of China and Administrator of the State Administration of Foreign Exchange (SAFE), recently visited Dalian , Suzhou , and Wuhan to carry out onsite investigations on the current foreign exchange situation and on work to strengthen supervision over cross-border capital flows. Taking part in the investigations were comrades from the Ministry of Commerce, the General Administration of Customs, and other relevant departments. Ms.Hu held individual study meetings with the foreign exchange administrative departments in Northeast China, East China, and Central China . She also held informal discussions with import and export enterprises and conducted a field survey of foreign-related enterprises. Ms.Hu pointed out that although the domestic economy maintained rapid development this year, uncertainties are increasing and the macro-control situation remains serious, thus requiring adherence to the guideline of the "Two Preventions and One Tightening Measure," as set out by the central government to implement its instructions on strengthening supervision over cross-border capital inflows and outflows in foreign exchange administrative work and to improve the status of the balance of payments, thus ensuring China's economic and financial security. As a result of the aftermath of the U.S. subprime lending crisis and the impact of the currency adjustments in the major countries, the world economy witnessed a recession this year, with international financial markets becoming increasingly unstable. The changing exchange rates of the major currencies and prices of international energy and grain have had an extensive effect on the direction and scale of international capital flows. China 's efforts to avoid the impact of international short-term speculative capital and to safeguard the security of the national economy face greater challenges. In order to improve the performance of national macro-control, measures should be taken to strengthen the management of cross-border capital flows; one major action is to prevent speculative money from being transferred across borders through trade, commercial credits, and other channels. We should strengthen and improve verification of the authenticity and consistency of foreign exchange receipts and expenditures under the current account and actual trade deals and focus on enhancing control and management over short-term external debt by improving management of trade-related foreign exchange collection and sales and trade credits. Ms.Hu emphasized that improvements in the management of trade-related foreign exchange collection and sales and trade credits will promote convenient trade by adopting advanced information technology to fully achieve the effects of management, to simplify procedures, to raise efficiency, and to carry out various and proper measures for different industries and enterprises. She also pointed out that the policy adjustments according to the changing situations to ensure the authenticity of cross-border capital flows and its consistency with trade deals will help foster a good business environment for enterprises and will promote the smooth development of China 's economy and finance. During the investigation, Hu fully affirmed the efforts made by local foreign exchange administrations to carefully implement the requirements by the central government to strengthen supervision over cross-border capital flows. She added that the current work to facilitate the balance of payments equilibrium still faces great challenges and every foreign exchange administrative department at all levels should work hard to fulfill its duties and to enhance the overall level of foreign exchange administration. 2008-06-24/en/2008/0624/870.html
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Press Release of the SAFE October 10, 2009 For the purpose of further improving foreign exchange administration of cross-border securities investment, steadily promoting implementation of the qualified institutional investor (QII) system, facilitating the regulated opening-up of Chinas capital market, and guiding funds in an orderly two-way flow, the State Administration of Foreign Exchanges (SAFE) currently is promulgating the Regulations for Foreign Exchange Administration of Domestic Securities Investments by Qualified Foreign Institutional Investors (QFII) (hereinafter referred to as the Regulations) and the Circular of the State Administration of Foreign Exchange (SAFE) on Relevant Issues Concerning Foreign Exchange Administration of Overseas Securities Investments by Fund Management Companies and Securities Companies (hereinafter referred to as the Circular). Based on a summary of previous supervisory experience, the Regulations and the Circular revise and regulate the system of foreign exchange administration of QIIs, and specify the relevant regulatory requirements. First, they further simplify the relevant operations in light of investment facilitation, including simplifying the investment quota application procedures and required materials, facilitating the opening of the relevant accounts, and managing the remittance/exchange of funds, and so forth. Second, they encourage foreign institutional investors to make medium- and long-term securities investments in China. The Regulations adjust the limit on the investment quota for a single qualified foreign institutional investor (QFII) from USD 800 million to USD 1 billion, and reduce to 3 months the principal lock-up period for pension funds, insurance funds, Chinas open-ended funds, and so forth for medium- and long-term investments. Third, in order to guarantee consistency between institutions that are awarded an investment quota and the actual user of the quota, they specifically stipulate that QIIs shall not in any form transfer or resell their investment quotas. Fourth, for the purpose of avoiding the risks of cross-border securities investments and promoting the regulated opening-up of the capital market, they further enhance the relevant requirements for statistical monitoring and post-event supervision, as well as the reporting and filing responsibilities of the respective QIIs and their custodians. Meanwhile, in order to further improve the transparency of administrative licensing, the SAFE also issued a statement on the approvals of QII investment quotas up to the end of September, 2009, and in the future it will issue such quarterly statements on the SAFE government Web site. (End.) 2009-11-13/en/2009/1113/904.html
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At the end of 2007, China 's outstanding external debt (excluding that of Hong Kong SAR, Macao SAR, and Taiwan Province ) reached USD 373.618 billion, an increase of USD 50.63 billion or 15.68% compared with that at the end of 2006. Specifically, the outstanding long- and medium-term external debt (with the remaining term) reached USD 153.534 billion, an increase of USD 14.174 billion or 10.17% compared with that at the end of 2006, accounting for 41.09% of the total outstanding external debt. The outstanding short-term external debt totaled USD 220.084 billion, an increase of USD 36.456 billion or 19.85% compared with that at the end of 2006, accounting for 58.91% of the total outstanding external debt. In terms of China 's total outstanding external debt, the outstanding registered external debt reached USD240.518 billion and the balance of trade credit was USD 133.1 billion. In terms of the outstanding registered external debt, the outstanding sovereign debt borrowed by ministries under the State Council was USD 34.886 billion, accounting for 14.51%; the outstanding debt of Chinese-funded financial institutions was USD 80.317 billion, accounting for 33.39%; the outstanding debt of foreign-funded enterprises was USD 74.004 billion, accounting for 30.77%; the outstanding debt of foreign-funded financial institutions in China was USD 46.307 billion, accounting for 19.25%; the outstanding debt of Chinese-funded enterprises was USD 4.685 billion, accounting for 1.95%; and the outstanding debt of other institutions was USD 319 million, accounting for 0.13%. The amount of registered long- and medium-term external borrowing in 2007 was USD 36.016 billion, an increase of USD 9.983 billion or 38.35% over that in the previous year. The principal repayment under the long- and medium-term debt was USD 20.267 billion, an increase of USD 2.368 billion or 13.23% over that in the previous year. The interest payment was USD 4.958 billion, an increase of USD 1.853 billion or 59.68% over that in the previous year. Initial calculations reveal that the debt service ratio in 2007 was 1.98%, the ratio of outstanding external debts to foreign exchange income was 27.84%, the ratio of outstanding external debts to GDP was 11.52%, and the ratio of short-term external debts to foreign exchange reserves was 14.40%. All of these indexes are within the safe range of international standards. 2008-04-09/en/2008/0409/865.html
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Recently, the SAFE and Renmin (Peoples) University of China jointly convened an expert panel discussion, during which the research achievements on the topic of Foreign Exchange Supervision and Construction of a Credit Systemwere demonstrated. This forward-looking theoretical research on the construction of a foreign exchange credit system in accordance with the strategic plan of the State Council for the construction of a social credit system and based on preliminary experiences from the construction of a foreign exchange credit market system, and in light of the actual conditions for foreign exchange management is important work undertaken by the SAFE for the construction of a foreign exchange credit system In recent years, the SAFE has been actively exploring the construction of a foreign exchange credit system and has carried out many important tasks. In 2003, the SAFE worked out a five-year plan for the construction of a foreign exchange credit system. In 2005, it conducted work for disclosure of information on illegal (negative) foreign exchange, thus increasing the costs of dishonesty from illegal and anti-regulatory behavior. In 2006, the SAFE disclosed for the first time over 400 enterprises that had been involved in evasive illegal or anti-regulatory foreign exchange operations. At present, the SAFE has already disclosed 2,516 cases of illegal foreign exchange operations and 627 cases of enterprise fraud. Moreover, the SAFE has actively adopted a credit management method for the daily work of foreign exchange management and introduced a classified supervisory system for oversight and management of abnormal foreign exchange capital. It has implemented in succession the systems of Highlighted Enterprises for Export Receipts and the Watch-list for Foreign Exchange Sales,etc. which target abnormal collections and sales under the trade account. These systems enable the SAFE to realize classified supervision and sound management according to the nature of the different situations. Henceforth, the SAFE will further strengthen the construction of a foreign exchange credit system and continue to carry out theoretical research and practical explorations. 2008-04-17/en/2008/0417/866.html
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At the end of March 2008, China 's outstanding external debt (excluding that of Hong Kong SAR, Macao SAR, and Taiwan Province ) reached USD 392.589 billion, an increase of USD 18.971 billion or 5.08 percent compared with that at the end of 2007. Specifically, the outstanding long- and medium-term external debt (with the remaining term) reached USD 155.864 billion, an increase of USD 2.33 billion or 1.52 percent compared with that at the end of 2007, accounting for 39.70 percent of the total outstanding external debt. The outstanding short-term external debt (with the remaining term) totaled USD 236.725 billion, an increase of USD 16.641 billion or 7.56 percent compared with that at the end of 2007, accounting for 60.30 percent of the total outstanding external debt. Among the outstanding registered external debt of USD 248.689 billion, the outstanding sovereign debt borrowed by ministries under the State Council totaled USD 34.820 billion, accounting for 14.00 percent; the outstanding debt of Chinese-funded financial institutions was USD 83.239 billion, accounting for 33.47 percent; the outstanding debt of foreign-funded enterprises was USD 78.970 billion, accounting for 31.76 percent; the outstanding debt of foreign-funded financial institutions in China was USD 46.679 billion, accounting for 18.77 percent; the outstanding debt of Chinese-funded enterprises was USD 4.654 billion, accounting for 1.87 percent; and the outstanding debt of other institutions was USD 327 million, accounting for 0.13 percent. From January to March 2008, long- and medium-term external borrowing came to USD 7.748 billion, an increase of USD 1.013 billion or 15.04 percent over that in the same period of the last year. The principal repayment was USD 4.595 billion, an increase of USD 488 million or 11.88 percent over that in the same period of the last year. The interest payment was USD 1.106 billion, an increase of USD 301 million or 37.39 percent over that in the same period of the last year. At the end of March 2008, the scale of the total external debt of China maintained a growing momentum. 2008-07-04/en/2008/0704/872.html
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In accordance with the requirements of the State Council for further transforming government functions and establishing service-oriented governments as well as promoting e-government administration, and in order to adapt to the need to develop direct investment within the new context, promote the reform of foreign exchange administration for direct investment, and raise management efficiency, service levels, as well as statistical, monitoring, analytical, and pre-warning capabilities for direct investment, and to facilitate an increase in investment, the State Administration of Foreign Exchange has decided to disseminate a nationwide online information system for Direct Investment Foreign Exchange Business beginning in May 2008 on the basis of early pilot programs. The Information System for Direct Investment Foreign Exchange Business is composed of four major functional modules: foreign investment, overseas investment, annual inspections, and statistical analysis. At this time, primarily the foreign direct investment module will be promoted and go online nationwide. A networking data exchange mechanism will be established for the SAFE with banks, enterprises, and accounting firms due to the promotion of the online system. Thus enterprises can apply to the SAFE directly through the Internet for relevant business and at the same time, the SAFE will phase out the use of paper-based vouchers and adopt IC cards in place of the paper-based foreign exchange registration certificates so as to ensure the timeliness, convenience, reliability, and security of business registration, operations, and data transmission in terms of means and increase the statistical, monitoring, and pre-warning levels for cross-border capital under direct investment accounts 2008-04-23/en/2008/0423/867.html
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2020年10月，我国国际收支口径的国际货物和服务贸易收入16601亿元，支出13449亿元，顺差3152亿元。其中，货物贸易收入15366亿元，支出11593亿元，顺差3773亿元；服务贸易收入1235亿元，支出1856亿元，逆差621亿元。 按美元计值，2020年10月，我国国际收支口径的国际货物和服务贸易收入2474亿美元，支出2004亿美元，顺差470亿美元。其中，货物贸易收入2290亿美元，支出1727亿美元，顺差562亿美元；服务贸易收入184亿美元，支出277亿美元，逆差93亿美元。（完） 中国国际货物和服务贸易（国际收支口径） 2020年10月 项目 按人民币计值 （亿元） 按美元计值 （亿美元） 货物和服务贸易差额 贷方 借方 3152 470 16601 2474 -13449 -2004 1.货物贸易差额 贷方 借方 3773 562 15366 2290 -11593 -1727 2.服务贸易差额 -621 -93 贷方 1235 184 借方 -1856 -277 2.1加工服务差额 65 10 贷方 67 10 借方 -2 0 2.2维护和维修服务差额 30 4 贷方 42 6 借方 -12 -2 2.3运输差额 -215 -32 贷方 312 46 借方 -527 -78 2.4旅行差额 -545 -81 贷方 62 9 借方 -607 -90 2.5建设差额 23 3 贷方 78 12 借方 -55 -8 2.6保险和养老金服务差额 -27 -4 贷方 29 4 借方 -56 -8 2.7金融服务差额 2 0 贷方 27 4 借方 -25 -4 2.8知识产权使用费差额 -120 -18 贷方 39 6 借方 -159 -24 2.9电信、计算机和信息服务差额 41 6 贷方 209 31 借方 -169 -25 2.10其他商业服务差额 135 20 贷方 354 53 借方 -219 -33 2.11个人、文化和娱乐服务差额 -10 -2 贷方 5 1 借方 -15 -2 2.12别处未提及的政府服务差额 1 0 贷方 10 2 借方 -9 -1 注： 1. 本表所称货物和服务贸易与国际收支平衡表中的货物和服务口径一致，是指居民与非居民之间发生的交易。月度数据为初步数据，可能与国际收支平衡表中的季度数据不一致。 2. 国际货物和服务贸易数据按美元编制，当月人民币计值数据由美元数据按月均人民币对美元中间价折算得到。 3. 本表计数采用四舍五入原则。 指标解释： 货物和服务贸易：是指居民与非居民之间发生的货物贸易和服务贸易交易，与国际收支平衡表的口径相同。 1．货物贸易: 指经济所有权在我国居民与非居民之间发生转移的货物交易。贷方记录货物出口，借方记录货物进口。货物账户数据主要来源于海关进出口统计，但与海关统计存在以下主要区别：一是国际收支中的货物只记录所有权发生了转移的货物（如一般贸易、进料加工贸易等贸易方式的货物），所有权未发生转移的货物（如来料加工或出料加工贸易）不纳入货物统计，而纳入服务贸易统计；二是计价方面，国际收支统计要求进出口货值均按离岸价格记录，海关出口货值为离岸价格，但进口货值为到岸价格，因此国际收支统计从海关进口货值中调出国际运保费支出，并纳入服务贸易统计；三是补充了海关未统计的转手买卖下的货物净出口数据。 2．服务贸易：包括加工服务，维护和维修服务，运输，旅行，建设，保险和养老金服务，金融服务，知识产权使用费，电信、计算机和信息服务，其他商业服务，个人、文化和娱乐服务以及别处未提及的政府服务。贷方记录提供的服务，借方记录接受的服务。 2.1加工服务：又称“对他人拥有的实物投入的制造服务”，指货物的所有权没有在所有者和加工方之间发生转移，加工方仅提供加工、装配、包装等服务，并从货物所有者处收取加工服务费用。贷方记录我国居民为非居民拥有的实物提供的加工服务。借方记录我国居民接受非居民的加工服务。 2.2维护和维修服务：指居民或非居民向对方所拥有的货物和设备（如船舶、飞机及其他运输工具）提供的维修和保养工作。贷方记录我国居民向非居民提供的维护和维修服务。借方记录我国居民接受的非居民维护和维修服务。 2.3运输：指将人和物体从一地点运送至另一地点的过程以及相关辅助和附属服务，以及邮政和邮递服务。贷方记录居民向非居民提供的国际运输、邮政快递等服务。借方记录居民接受的非居民国际运输、邮政快递等服务。 2.4旅行：指旅行者在其作为非居民的经济体旅行期间消费的物品和购买的服务。贷方记录我国居民向在我国境内停留不足一年的非居民以及停留期限不限的非居民留学人员和就医人员提供的货物和服务。借方记录我国居民境外旅行、留学或就医期间购买的非居民货物和服务。 2.5建设服务：指建筑形式的固定资产的建立、翻修、维修或扩建，工程性质的土地改良、道路、桥梁和水坝等工程建筑，相关的安装、组装、油漆、管道施工、拆迁和工程管理等，以及场地准备、测量和爆破等专项服务。贷方记录我国居民在经济领土之外提供的建设服务。借方记录我国居民在我国经济领土内接受的非居民建设服务。 2.6保险和养老金服务：指各种保险服务，以及同保险交易有关的代理商的佣金。贷方记录我国居民向非居民提供的人寿保险和年金、非人寿保险、再保险、标准化担保服务以及相关辅助服务。借方记录我国居民接受非居民的人寿保险和年金、非人寿保险、再保险、标准化担保服务以及相关辅助服务。 2.7金融服务：指金融中介和辅助服务，但不包括保险和养老金服务项目所涉及的服务。贷方记录我国居民向非居民提供的金融中介和辅助服务。借方记录我国居民接受非居民的金融中介和辅助服务。 2.8知识产权使用费：指居民和非居民之间经许可使用无形的、非生产/非金融资产和专有权以及经特许安排使用已问世的原作或原型的行为。贷方记录我国居民向非居民提供的知识产权相关服务。借方记录我国居民使用的非居民知识产权服务。 2.9电信、计算机和信息服务：指居民和非居民之间的通信服务以及与计算机数据和新闻有关的服务交易，但不包括以电话、计算机和互联网为媒介交付的商业服务。贷方记录本国居民向非居民提供的电信服务、计算机服务和信息服务。借方记录本国居民接受非居民提供的电信服务、计算机服务和信息服务。 2.10其他商业服务: 指居民和非居民之间其他类型的服务，包括研发服务，专业和管理咨询服务，技术、贸易相关等服务。贷方记录我国居民向非居民提供的其他商业服务。借方记录我国居民接受的非居民其他商业服务。 2.11个人、文化娱乐服务:指居民和非居民之间与个人、文化和娱乐有关的服务交易，包括视听和相关服务（电影、收音机、电视节目和音乐录制品），其他个人、文化娱乐服务（健康、教育等）。贷方记录我国居民向非居民提供的相关服务。借方记录我国居民接受的非居民相关服务。 2.12别处未提及的政府服务：指在其他货物和服务类别中未包括的政府和国际组织提供和购买的各项货物和服务。贷方记录我国居民向非居民提供的别处未涵盖的货物和服务。借方记录我国居民向非居民购买的别处未涵盖的货物和服务。 2020-12-01/xiamen/2020/1130/1612.html
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为进一步提高对外金融资产负债及交易统计数据质量，便利银行、企业等主体更好开展数据核查与自查工作，国家外汇管理局根据《国际收支统计申报办法》（中华人民共和国国务院令第642号）和《对外金融资产负债及交易统计制度》（汇发〔2018〕24号印发，以下简称《制度》），修订形成《对外金融资产负债及交易统计核查规则（2020年版）》（以下简称《核查规则（2020年版）》，见附件1），主要修订内容如下（修订说明见附件2）。 一、新增的主要内容 （一）新增关于上下期余额衔接的多维度校验规则。新增按照“对手方所属部门”“对手方所属国别”“申报主体/委托人与对手方关系”“投资工具类型”“投资工具原始期限”等维度校验上下期余额是否衔接。这类校验涉及B系列、C系列、D系列、H系列、I系列各表的单表核查规则。 （二）新增关于数值型要素间逻辑关系的校验规则。例如A02表中的“本期利润总额”和“本期净利润”应填写当期流量数据。如果申报数据逐月递增，则可能错填为月度累计数据；在均为正数情况下，“本期利润总额”小于“本期净利润”则有可能填报错误。该类数据将被标记为疑问数据，并反馈申报主体进一步核实。这类校验涉及A01、A02表的单表核查规则。 （三）新增关于名称要素项及相应所属部门和所属国家/地区要素项间一致性的校验规则。在机构名称要素项中提取关键字，如出现“银行”“证券”或“bank”等表明可能是银行等金融机构的字样时，校验该机构对应的部门是否为金融部门；如机构名称要素中出现“纽约”“香港”等地名时，校验该机构对应的所属国家/地区是否为相应的国家/地区。校验不一致的数据将被标记为疑问数据，并反馈申报主体进一步核实。这类校验涉及要求填报各类机构名称的报表的单表核查规则。 （四）新增各业务报表与Z02表和Z03表之间关联性的校验。在B系列、C系列、D系列、F系列和I系列报表中，当申报主体与境外对手方的关系填报为1（对手方是申报主体的境外直接投资者）或2（对手方是申报主体的境外直接投资企业）时，Z03表应填报该对手方的相关信息，同时Z02表中应表明报送Z03表。这类校验涉及上述各业务报表与Z03表和Z02表的跨表核查规则。 （五）根据各表特点新增针对性校验规则。例如新增A01表和A02表中关于资产、负债、所有者权益和利润等数值型要素的逻辑性校验；B系列和H系列报表中同一证券代码对应的所属国家/地区和部门上下期一致性校验；C01表中衍生品币种与类别的匹配性校验；D系列报表中关于利息、本金和非交易变动等数值型要素的逻辑性校验；E01表中关于代扣代缴税与其他费用数值关系的校验；I系列报表中同一币种下数值型要素的逻辑性校验等。这类校验涉及各表的单表核查规则。 二、删除的主要内容 《金融机构外汇业务数据采集规范（1.2版）》（汇发〔2019〕1号印发）中的校验规则，在申报主体填报时已通过对外金融资产负债及交易统计申报系统（以下简称系统）前端强校验实现，《核查规则（2020年版）》不再重复体现。 三、补充、调整的主要内容 （一）按核查规则的系统校验实现程度进行备注。《核查规则（2020年版）》中大部分规则已实现系统校验，在备注项中均备注为“系统校验”；未实现系统校验的规则，均备注为“非系统校验”。 （二）明确部分数值型要素的校验规则。例如明确量化金融衍生品本期末市值与名义本金金额“不应接近或相等”的核查规则，并且根据不同的金融衍生品类型制定不同的量化标准。这类校验涉及C01表、H01表和H02表的单表核查规则。 （三）扩大对“ZZZ其他国家和地区”和“XXX未包括的交易币种代码”的校验范围。将对涉及“所属国家/地区”要素项中填报为“ZZZ其他国家和地区”的校验扩大到除B06表和G02表以外的各表；将涉及“币种”要素项中填报为“XXX未包括的交易币种代码”的校验扩大到G01表以外的各表。 （四）根据《制度》细化部分核查规则。《制度》将各表对手方所属部门要素类别由五类拓展为九类，《核查规则（2020年版）》中相应更新部门校验。这类校验主要涉及跨表核查规则。 四、其他调整 对于通过接口申报的数据，原规定每月20日系统自动锁定三个月以前报告期申报主体的所有数据，现调整为每月25日系统自动锁定上一报告期申报主体的所有数据。例如3月25日系统自动锁定1月报告期的数据。数据锁定前，申报主体可随时修改其数据；数据锁定后，申报主体应向所在地外汇局申请解锁后，方可修改其数据，修改后再次锁定。通过界面申报的数据仍为每月20日锁定申报主体的所有数据。 《核查规则（2020年版）》自发布之日起实施，《国家外汇管理局综合司关于印发<对外金融资产负债及交易统计核查规则（2017年版）>的通知》（汇综发〔2017〕72号）同时废止。 国家外汇管理局各分局、外汇管理部收到本通知后应及时转发辖内中心支局、支局、金融机构法人、境外金融机构境内主报告分支机构以及其他指定申报主体。所在地外汇局在转发文件时应提供本级外汇局业务咨询电话，以便于解答申报主体在执行中遇到的疑问。 国家外汇管理局各分支局应遵照本通知开展对外金融资产负债及交易统计数据核查，核查方式和方法并不限于本通知的规定。各申报主体应参考本通知，并结合自身业务实践探索数据质量控制方法和手段。 国家外汇管理局国际收支司业务咨询电话：010-68402586，68402488，68402234；传真：010-68402316。 特此通知。 附件：1.对外金融资产负债及交易统计核查规则（2020年版） 2.对外金融资产负债及交易统计核查规则（2020年版）修订说明 国家外汇管理局综合司 2020年12月14日 2020-12-22/xiamen/2020/1222/1623.html