-
6月5日是世界环境日。今年我国确定的环境日主题为“人与自然和谐共生”。坚持走绿色发展之路,共筑生态文明之基。 党的十八大以来,在以习近平同志为核心的党中央坚强领导下,在习近平生态文明思想指引下,中国人民凝心聚力,坚定不移走绿色发展之路,人与自然和谐共生的美丽中国,正在从蓝图变为现实。 深谋远虑——建设生态文明求解人与自然和谐共生之道 江苏省南通市,是万里长江奔流入海的“最后一站”。市区南部,黄泥山、马鞍山、狼山、剑山、军山等五山临江而立,山水相依。 “以前我们就住在江边,但看不到江。”南通市居民黄家勇说,“码头作业灰尘太多,窗户不能开、被子不能晒。”100多年前,实业家张謇希望家乡五山地区成为“花园及风景区”。然而,五山及滨江地区一度危化品码头、散货码头、集装箱码头等星罗棋布,给当地带来污水、扬尘等一系列环境污染问题,导致这里“滨江不见江,近水不亲水”。 又何止是南通?曾经,从巴山蜀水到江南水乡,污水入河入江、码头砂石堆积、化工企业围江,长江水质持续恶化、生态功能逐步退化,生态系统警钟迭起。习近平总书记曾经痛心地形容母亲河:“病了,病得不轻了”。又何止是长江?曾经,经过几十年快速发展,积累下来的环境问题进入高强度频发阶段,秋冬季雾霾频发拉响空气污染警报,江河鱼虾减少、水质频频告急。 2016年1月5日,习近平总书记在重庆召开推动长江经济带发展座谈会,振聋发聩地提出“共抓大保护,不搞大开发”。 时光流转,张謇的梦想终成现实。近年来,南通当地累计关停200多家散乱污企业,清理了160多条小杂船,关闭了当时全国最大的进口硫磺集散基地,修复腾出岸线,新增森林面积,在长江边逐步构筑起一道绿色廊道。“现在我们晚上经常会去江边公园散散步,很舒心的。”黄家勇笑着说。 2020年11月12日,习近平总书记来到五山地区滨江片区考察调研。“过去脏乱差的地方变成现在公园的绿化带,说明我们只要下决心,就一定能落实好长江经济带发展共抓大保护、不搞大开发的要求。”习近平总书记说。 水质改善、江豚腾跃,长江母亲河正在重新焕发生机。生态兴则文明兴,生态衰则文明衰。生态文明建设是关系中华民族永续发展的根本大计。站在这样的高度,以习近平同志为核心的党中央求解人与自然和谐共生之道,指明了生态文明之路,擘画了美丽中国的宏伟蓝图。 党的十八届五中全会提出五大发展理念,绿色发展成为推动高质量发展的题中之意;党的十九大明确提出加快生态文明体制改革,建设美丽中国;党的十九届五中全会再次强调“推动绿色发展,促进人与自然和谐共生”……一系列重大部署,宣示了以习近平同志为核心的党中央推进生态文明建设的坚定决心。 在广西桂林考察漓江阳朔段后,习近平总书记强调,把保持山水生态的原真性和完整性作为一项重要工作,深入推进生态修复和环境污染治理,杜绝滥采乱挖,推动流域生态环境持续改善、生态系统持续优化、整体功能持续提升。 在浙江省湖州市安吉县天荒坪镇余村村考察调研时,习近平总书记对他们发展绿色经济、带动村民增收致富的做法给予肯定。“实践证明,经济发展不能以破坏生态为代价,生态本身就是经济,保护生态就是发展生产力。”习近平总书记说。 在云南滇池岸边,习近平总书记详细询问滇池保护治理和水质改善情况。总书记强调,推动经济高质量发展,决不能再走先污染后治理的老路。只要坚持生态优先、绿色发展,锲而不舍,久久为功,就一定能把绿水青山变成金山银山…… 这些年,习近平总书记赴地方考察,生态文明建设是一项重要安排。祖国的山山水水见证了习近平总书记心系中华民族永续发展的情怀。 “绿水青山就是金山银山”;“像保护眼睛一样保护生态环境,像对待生命一样对待生态环境”;“保护生态环境就是保护生产力,改善生态环境就是发展生产力”;“人不负青山,青山定不负人”;“统筹山水林田湖草沙系统治理”;……掷地有声的话语,闪耀着习近平生态文明思想的光芒,指引着美丽中国建设不断向纵深推进。 党的十八大以来,我国一体治理山水林田湖草沙,开展了一系列根本性、开创性、长远性工作,决心之大、力度之大、成效之大前所未有,生态文明建设从认识到实践都发生了历史性、转折性、全局性变化。今年5月26日,生态环境部正式发布《2020中国生态环境状况公报》。这是一份绿意满满的报告,2020年和“十三五”生态环境重点目标任务均圆满超额完成,全国生态环境质量明显改善。 蓝天更多,全国地级及以上城市优良天数比例提高至87%;河流更清,地表水优良断面比例提高到83.4%;家园更美,各级各类自然保护地总数达到1.18万处……绿色答卷的背后,是中国这个最大发展中国家迈上绿色发展之路的坚定步伐,是14亿中国人用实际行动推动绿色转型的不懈努力。 跟雾霾交锋的战场上,我国北方地区2500多万户实施清洁取暖改造,全国淘汰2400多万辆黄标车、老旧车,229家钢铁企业6.2亿吨粗钢产能实施超低排放改造,全面整治散乱污企业及集群,许多地方的钢铁、煤炭等落后产能被淘汰……为守护碧水长流,养殖户收起网箱将河湖还给自然,城市污水管网快速推进,污水处理能力不断提升,长江沿线化工企业“关改搬转”……以制度力量护航绿色发展之路。近年来,环境保护法、环境保护税法以及大气污染防治法、水污染防治法和土壤污染防治法等法律更加完善。涉及生态文明建设的改革方案相继出台,尤其是中央生态环境保护督察这把“利剑”,守护着祖国的绿水青山。 “中国将提高国家自主贡献力度,采取更加有力的政策和措施,二氧化碳排放力争于2030年前达到峰值,努力争取2060年前实现碳中和。”2020年9月22日,习近平主席在第七十五届联合国大会一般性辩论上作出庄严承诺,向全世界释放出中国坚定走绿色发展之路的强烈信号。 久久为功——美丽中国建设迈出坚实步伐 福建省三明市将乐县高唐镇常口村。夏日阳光下,金溪河从村口缓缓流过,岸边是几千亩天然阔叶林。村支书张林顺坐在村里的一棵大树下告诉记者:“我们村一棵树没砍,靠卖碳票就挣了14万多元。”他还记得,小时候常跟着长辈们上山砍树。由于连年过度砍伐,山上一度见不着成材的树木。从2003年开始,三明市探索林业产权制度改革,试行“分山到户、均林到人”改革,实现了“山定权、树定根、人定心”。党的十八大以来,三明市开始探索生态产品价值实现机制,植树护林的理念更加深入人心。 就在前不久,常口村和三明市沙县区夏茂镇俞邦村举行三明林业碳票首发仪式,发放首批林业碳票5张,共计碳汇29715吨。张林顺领到的碳票涉及常口村3197亩生态公益林。据三明市林业局副局长陈美高介绍,碳票是以林木生长量增量为测算基础换算成的碳减排量,以“票”的形式发给林木所有权人,从而把“空气”变成可交易、可收储、可贷款的“真金白银”。“只要林子管好了,林木所有权人就能获得源源不断的收入。”陈美高说。 从砍树为生到护林增收,常口村的发展是一扇窗,照见了在习近平生态文明思想引领下中国发生的巨大变化。这是一场发展观的重大变革,指引着我们坚定走上生态文明之路、建设美丽中国的切实行动。 曾经因煤而兴的河北磁县,响应国家去产能、划定生态红线等政策安排,下决心关停不少煤矿,依托独特生态资源,大力发展“美丽经济”,走出一条生态优先、绿色发展的新路子。生态之美催生发展之变。2020年,磁县全年接待游客700余万人次,增长18%,旅游业总收入增长19.4%。经济特区深圳统筹推进茅洲河、深圳河等为代表的重污染河流治理,并以此为牵引带动周边环境整体提升,实现全市域消除黑臭水体。 70多岁的居民黄耀棠回忆说,以前的茅洲河水“比墨水还黑,比石油还稠”。2016年起,深圳以绣花功夫推进雨污分流、源头治理,居民们发现“茅洲河变清变美了,不时还有白鹭飞过”。如今,当地告别散乱污、拥抱高精尖,建设了多个环保科技创新产业园。 山水林田湖草沙是生命共同体。党的十八大以来,随着生态文明建设深入推进,一块块生态环境的短板正在补上,一个个阻碍绿色发展的体制和制度坚冰正在消融,绘出人与自然和谐共生的美丽图景。三北防护林、天然林保护、退耕还林还草等一系列重大生态工程深入推进。“十三五”期间,我国森林覆盖率提高到23.04%,森林蓄积量超过175亿立方米,连续30年保持“双增长”,成为森林资源增长最多的国家。以国家公园为主体的自然保护地体系加快建立,国家公园体制试点工作在理顺管理体制、加强生态保护修复等方面取得阶段性成果。 河长制、湖长制全面建立,一条条江河、一个个湖泊有了专属守护者,一大批民间河长、湖长踊跃上岗。今年1月,中共中央办公厅、国务院办公厅公布《关于全面推行林长制的意见》,提出确保到2022年6月全面建立林长制,这意味着我国所有的森林和草原都将拥有专属守护者。越来越多的珍稀濒危野生动植物得到更好保护:朱鹮从发现时的7只,恢复到5000余只;藏羚羊从几万只恢复到目前的30多万只;长江旗舰物种长江江豚正在“回家”…… 在总书记心中,有两条河的分量尤其重。一条是长江——“共抓大保护,不搞大开发”,给沿江省市高速疾奔的发展方式敲了警钟。此后,习近平总书记多次考察长江,提出长江经济带应该走出一条生态优先、绿色发展的新路子。一条是黄河——从2019年8月到2020年6月,习近平总书记先后4次考察黄河。2019年9月,习近平总书记主持召开黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展座谈会,将黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展上升为重大国家战略。 如今,长江之病渐消,江豚频现,鱼翔浅底。沿黄省份也大步迈向更高质量发展之路。全民义务植树如火如荼展开,野生动物保护志愿者活跃在乡间山林,生活垃圾分类变成新风尚……大江南北,人们正用汗水浇灌和培育共同的绿色家园。 擘画新篇——为开启全面建设社会主义现代化国家新征程奠定坚实生态环境基础 水鸟迎风鸣叫,芦苇和柳灌丛郁郁葱葱……曾经一度萎缩的呼伦湖,随着近年来一系列修复和治理项目的实施,水域面积逐年扩大,湿地生态逐步恢复。 年过五旬的牧民侯玉广从小生活在呼伦湖附近。他亲眼见证了湖水的萎缩与恢复。“小时候,家里的牛羊常到湖边饮水。后来环境恶化,湖周围几乎没草了,鸟也不见了。”侯玉广告诉记者,如今生态好了,沙子看不见了,鸟和鱼也都回来了。栖居在青山碧水之间,是人们共同的心愿。 经过不懈努力,我国生态环境质量持续改善。同时必须清醒看到,我国生态文明建设挑战重重、压力巨大、矛盾突出,还有不少难关要过、硬骨头要啃、顽瘴痼疾要治,形势仍然十分严峻。“生态环境修复和改善,是一个需要付出长期艰苦努力的过程,不可能一蹴而就,必须坚持不懈、奋发有为。”习近平总书记在中共中央政治局第二十九次集体学习时强调指出。进入新发展阶段,深入贯彻新发展理念,加快构建新发展格局,对加强生态文明建设、加快推动绿色低碳发展提出了新的要求。 ——将“生态文明建设实现新进步”作为“十四五”时期经济社会发展主要目标之一; ——将“广泛形成绿色生产生活方式,碳排放达峰后稳中有降,生态环境根本好转,美丽中国建设目标基本实现”,作为到2035年基本实现社会主义现代化的远景目标之一; ——“十四五”规划纲要中,设专篇对“推动绿色发展,促进人与自然和谐共生”作出具体部署和安排,明确要求实施可持续发展战略,推动经济社会发展全面绿色转型,建设美丽中国。 蓝图已经绘就,奋斗书写辉煌。开启全面建设社会主义现代化国家新征程,推动高质量发展,创造高品质生活,我国生态环境保护需要付出更为艰巨的努力。 “十四五”时期,我国生态文明建设进入了以降碳为重点战略方向、推动减污降碳协同增效、促进经济社会发展全面绿色转型、实现生态环境质量改善由量变到质变的关键时期。“实现碳达峰、碳中和是一场广泛而深刻的经济社会系统性变革,要把碳达峰、碳中和纳入生态文明建设整体布局,拿出抓铁有痕的劲头,如期实现2030年前碳达峰、2060年前碳中和的目标。”今年3月15日,习近平总书记主持召开中央财经委员会第九次会议时强调。 ——加快发展方式绿色转型,坚持生态优先、绿色发展,严格控制高耗能高排放项目建设,加大货物运输结构调整力度,推动建筑领域绿色低碳发展,壮大节能环保等产业。 ——协同推进减污降碳,以改善生态环境质量为核心,深入打好污染防治攻坚战。 ——积极推进应对气候变化,推动制定2030年前碳排放达峰行动方案。 ——完善绿色低碳政策和市场体系,强化绿色发展的法律和政策保障。 ——广泛培育绿色低碳生活方式,提升全社会绿色低碳意识,通过生活方式绿色革命,倒逼推动生产方式和供给绿色转型。 “我们将以经济社会发展全面绿色转型为引领,以减污降碳为主抓手,加快形成节约资源和保护环境的产业结构、生产方式、生活方式、空间格局,坚定不移走生态优先、绿色低碳的高质量发展道路。”生态环境部部长黄润秋表示。 开局之年起好步、开好头,对美丽中国建设至关重要。今年5月21日,习近平总书记主持召开中央全面深化改革委员会第十九次会议,审议通过了《关于深化生态保护补偿制度改革的意见》。会议指出,要围绕加快推动绿色低碳发展、促进经济社会发展全面绿色转型,完善分类补偿制度,加强补偿政策的协同联动,统筹各渠道补偿资金,实施综合性补偿,促进对生态环境的整体保护。新任务赋予新使命,新征程展现新作为。深入贯彻习近平生态文明思想,全面落实党中央、国务院决策部署,脚踏实地、迎难而上,我们一定能够以生态环境高水平保护推动经济高质量发展,以生态文明之光照耀前行道路,推动中华民族实现永续发展。 2021-07-01/shanghai/2021/0701/1531.html
-
Honorable Secretary Li Qiang, Mayor Gong Zheng, Governor Yi Gang, Chairman Guo Shuqing, Chairman Yi Huiman, Ladies and Gentlemen, Good morning. At today’s forum, I would like to talk about the situation and development of China’s foreign exchange market. I. The RMB exchange rate has seen two-way fluctuations and the foreign exchange market operates stably 1. The operation of the foreign exchange market is a subject of common concern. Since the beginning of this year, the RMB exchange rate against the US dollar has seen two-way fluctuations and is generally stable. Developments in international financial markets, especially the fluctuations in the interest rate and the exchange rate of the US dollar, have had some impact on other currencies, including the RMB. At the same time, with the Chinese economy continuing to recover steadily, the RMB exchange rate has remained basically stable at an adaptive and equilibrium level. At present, China’s current account surplus remains in a reasonable range; supply and demand in China’s foreign exchange market are basically in equilibrium; and China’s foreign exchange reserves are stable and rising. China adopts a managed floating exchange rate regime based on market supply and demand with reference to a basket of currencies. It has proved to be an institutional arrangement suitable to China’s national conditions and will be pursued persistently. 2. Factors influencing the RMB exchange rate are complicated and two-way fluctuations will become normal. The RMB exchange rate is more stable than other currency exchange rates; RMB exchange rate expectations are stable; and trading in China’s foreign exchange market has been rational and orderly. There are multiple factors home and abroad that influence the movements of the RMB exchange rate. On the one hand, China’s economy has been stable and improving; it has maintained a normal monetary policy; its balance of payments is sound and stable; and its foreign exchange market is maturing. All these factors will continue to provide strong support for the stability of the RMB exchange rate. On the other hand, there are a number of destabilizing factors and uncertainties in the external environment affecting the RMB exchange rate. First, economic recovery is still uneven around the world, with the US and other developed economies undergoing faster recovery and narrowing the gap with China’s economic growth. Second, with the rise of inflation and inflation expectations in the US, market expectations have been running high for monetary tightening by the US Federal Reserve, and pressure is mounting on it for monetary policy adjustment, which will have major impacts on global foreign exchange markets and cross-border capital flows. Third, since the outbreak of the pandemic, stimulated by the ultra-loose monetary policy, valuations in international financial markets have been rising and deviating from the fundamentals of the real economy. Heightened vulnerabilities and the risks of downward adjustment in international financial markets may lead to rising risk aversion globally and change cross-border capital flows. Fourth, in the post-pandemic era, the intensifying rivalries in the international political and economic arenas may impact financial markets, particularly the foreign exchange market. One thing to add, China’s foreign exchange market has apparent seasonal features. June to August each year usually see large amounts of foreign exchange purchases as foreign-invested enterprises as well as companies listed overseas pay dividends and repatriate profits, and many Chinese students studying overseas pay their tuition fees and living expenses for the coming semester. II. Market entities should adapt to the normality of two-way exchange rate fluctuations and be risk-neutral in exchange rate risk management In an environment characterized by two-way exchange rate fluctuations, exchange rate risk management is highly important to the financial performance of enterprises, especially those active in international businesses. In recent years, China’s foreign exchange market has achieved substantial development. A foreign exchange derivatives market with depth and width has been in operation, which offers a variety of products, such as forwards, foreign exchange swaps, currency swaps and currency options, and has diversified market participants. In 2020, transactions in China’s foreign exchange market totaled USD30 trillion, 60 percent of which was from foreign exchange derivatives trading. Chinese enterprises have continuously raised their awareness to be “exchange rate risk-neutral” and improved their management of exchange rate risks. So far this year, the hedge ratio of enterprises has exceeded 20 percent, up by 5 percentage points from last year. Nonetheless, there is still much room for improvement. To reduce exchange rate risks requires the joint efforts of enterprises, banks and regulators. First, with regard to foreign exchange risk management, some enterprises act procyclically and some expose themselves completely to risks. As their procyclical financial operations build up risk exposure via currency mismatches in their balance sheets, they may gain profits from the rises and falls in exchange rates while inevitably bearing the risks coming along. As far as financial soundness is concerned, an enterprise should adhere to the principles of serving its main business and being risk-neutral in exchange rate risk management; it should make prudential arrangements on the currency structure of its assets and liabilities while avoiding procyclical behavior and complete exposure to risks; and it should never bet on the appreciation or depreciation of the RMB since gamblers are bound to loose someday. Second, we will work towards an open and competitive foreign exchange market. Third, we will push financial institutions to diversify hedge products and reduce hedge costs for enterprises. Fourth, we will improve market transparency so that market entities are better informed to make rational judgments on foreign exchange market situation. Fifth, we will enhance macro-prudential management and the guidance of market expectations to keep the RMB exchange rate basically stable at an adaptive and equilibrium level. III. We will steadily advance the reform of foreign exchange management and enhance the liberalization and facilitation of cross-border trade and investment China’s current account achieved full convertibility in 1996. Since the beginning of this century, we have been steadily moving ahead with the liberalization of our capital account, which has become highly convertible according to international standards. The capital account represents cross-border capital and financial transactions, which mainly fall into three categories, i.e., cross-border direct investment, cross-border securities investment and cross-border lending/borrowing, involving cross-border trading, currency exchange and cross-border inward/outward remittance. Currently, direct investment has basically achieved convertibility. As for securities investment, institutional arrangements for cross-border investment have been put in place, which mainly include institutional investor schemes, interconnectivity mechanisms and direct market access for overseas investors. Cross-border debt financing can be conducted at the discretion of market entities under the macro-prudential management policy framework for full-scale cross-border financing. We will work to ensure both development and security, making continued efforts to reform and improve the foreign exchange management system and mechanisms to align with the new systems for a higher-standard open economy under the new development paradigm. First, we will improve cross-border trade facilitation under the current account while reform of the foreign exchange sector will move ahead to streamline administration, delegate power, improve regulation and upgrade services; and a foreign exchange supervisory system will be established, which focuses on credit risk assessment and ex-post verification. Second, prudent and orderly steps will be taken to advance high-standard opening-up of the capital account. By making coordinated planning for trading, exchange and remittance, for cross-border RMB and foreign currency management, and for capital account liberalization and risk prevention, we will liberalize the remaining few non-convertible items step by step while enhancing facilitation measures under the items already convertible. Focusing on RMB internationalization and two-way opening-up of the financial sector, we will actively support Shanghai in its building of an RMB-denominated financial asset allocation and risk management center to improve the width and depth of the RMB financial market. Third, continued efforts will be made to enhance our abilities for economic and financial management as well as risk prevention and control in an open environment. We will improve the framework for foreign exchange market administration featuring “macro-prudential management plus micro supervision” and enhance the review mechanisms for combating money laundering, terrorist financing and tax evasion so as to safeguard the stable and sound operation of the foreign exchange market. The near-term priorities in the reform and opening-up of the foreign exchange sector are as follows. First, we will diversify market products and participants home and abroad, and improve the infrastructure systems as well as service capacities of China Foreign Exchange Trade System and Shanghai Clearing House so that they are better able to provide services globally from Shanghai. Second, measures will be taken to advance reform regarding cross-border investment by private equity investment funds to support their cross-border industrial investment. Moreover, we will expand the pilot programs of Qualified Domestic Limited Partnership (QDLP) and Qualified Foreign Limited Partnership (QFLP) to support Shanghai becoming a major market in the world for wealth management and asset management. Third, Chinese residents will have more options for asset allocation overseas. Through the mechanisms interconnecting financial market infrastructures, such as the Shanghai-Hong Kong Stock Connect, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Stock Connect and Bond Connect, we will scale up the Qualified Domestic Institutional Investor (QDII) scheme, improve QDII management mechanisms, and launch the pilot program of Cross-Boundary Wealth Management Connect in some regions. Fourth, we will facilitate cross-border financing for enterprises. In recent years, the People’s Bank of China (PBC) and the State Administration of Foreign Exchange (SAFE) have established and improved the macro-prudential management policy framework for full-scale cross-border financing, allowing enterprises to borrow from abroad at their own discretion within quotas based on their net assets. As some innovative enterprises, especially the micro, small and medium-sized enterprises among them, only have small net assets initially and hence low quotas for cross-border financing, we have launched pilot programs in areas, such as Zhongguancun of Beijing and the Shanghai Pilot Free Trade Zone, to facilitate external debt financing for them. Eligible high-tech enterprises are granted facilitation quotas for external debt financing, which they can use at their discretion. This measure is supportive to the development of Shanghai as a sci-tech innovation center. Fifth, work will be done to support cross-border receipts and payments for new forms of trade, such as offshore trade, cross-border e-commerce and market procurement trade. Sixth, we will facilitate coordinated use of cross-border funds in large conglomerates, having launched the pilot program of integrated RMB and foreign currency cash pooling for multinational corporations. Moreover, in the near future, pilot programs for high-standard opening-up of foreign exchange management will be launched in the Lin-gang Special Area of Shanghai and in some parts of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area and the Hainan Free Trade Port in order to gain experience for advancing high-standard institutional opening-up of the foreign exchange sector. IV. We will improve the management of foreign exchange reserves and build world-class asset management institutions Regarding the investment of foreign exchange reserves, China is an important investor in global financial markets, and a responsible investor as well. We conduct relevant operations in line with market-based principles, respect international market rules and industry practices, and maintain and promote the stability as well as development of international financial markets. Since 2007, we have incorporated environmental, social and governance (ESG) elements into the processes of foreign exchange reserves management. In China’s foreign exchange reserves, green bonds, which we have invested in through multiple channels, have recorded a compound annual growth rate of around 60 percent for the past five years. The ESG criteria have also been incorporated into investment decision-making and risk management processes. Going forward, premised on security, liquidity and value preservation and appreciation, it will be our long-term objective to invest foreign exchange reserves sustainably. We will continue to implement the ESG concept in the course of investment and enhance the depth and width of ESG investing and risk management. In addition to stepping up green bond investment, we will take active steps to try making sustainable investments through entrusted investment, cooperation with international financial organizations, or outbound direct investment via equity investment institutions such as the Silk Road Fund. And we will improve the framework for the analysis and assessment of risks posed by climate change to reserves investment. China will strengthen international exchanges and cooperation on foreign exchange reserves management, firmly support worldwide green low-carbon development, and work together with the international community to promote global climate governance and foster a community of life for man and nature. Ladies and gentlemen, as proved by the development of China’s financial market, unswervingly carrying out reform and opening-up is a strong driving force and important guarantee for the realization of China’s financial market development that is based on market principles, governed by law and up to international standards. It is also key to enhancing the international competitiveness of China’s financial market as well as its capabilities to serve the real economy. We will better coordinate development and security, make coordinated planning for capital account liberalization, two-way opening-up of financial markets and RMB internationalization, improve the liberalization and facilitation of cross-border trade and investment, and effectively guard against shocks from cross-border capital flows. By so doing, we will safeguard financial stability and national economic and financial security, support the new systems for a higher-standard open economy, and promote the development of Shanghai as an international financial center. Thank you. 2021-06-11/en/2021/0611/1840.html
-
问:境外游客在境内旅游期间受伤,境内医院为其提供医疗服务,则该笔款项收入应如何申报? 答:医院为境外游客提供医疗服务收入,属于为在境内非居民旅行者提供医疗、保健、康复和其他出于健康方面目的的服务而获得的收入,应申报在“223021服务贸易-旅行-私人旅行-就医及健康相关旅行”项下,交易附言注明:来华医疗费。 2021-07-01/tianjin/2021/0701/1693.html
-
问:境内公司从境外进口煤炭,到达港口尚未卸货,该公司又将煤炭卖给日本客户,货船直接将煤炭从港口运到日本,收付的货款应如何申报? 答:因货物尚未进入一线关境报关,收付货款均应申报在“122010货物贸易-未纳入海关统计的货物贸易-离岸转手买卖”项下。 2021-07-01/tianjin/2021/0701/1692.html
-
国家外汇管理局各省、自治区、直辖市分局、外汇管理部,深圳、大连、青岛、厦门、宁波市分局: 为落实《国务院关于印发注册资本登记制度改革方案的通知》(国发[2014]7号)、《国务院办公厅关于加快推进落实注册资本登记制度改革有关事项的通知》(国办函[2015]14号),经过清理,现就废止和修改部分外汇管理规范性文件通知如下: 一、废止《国家外汇管理局关于开展个人本外币兑换特许业务试点的通知》(汇发[2008]38号)。 二、删除《国家外汇管理局关于印发〈个人本外币兑换特许业务试点管理办法〉的通知》(汇发[2012]27号)第二条、附件《个人本外币兑换特许业务试点管理办法》第十八条第(一)项。 将附件《个人本外币兑换特许业务试点管理办法》第八条第(一)项修改为“具有独立法人资格”。 据此对条文顺序作相应调整。 三、将《国家外汇管理局关于印发服务贸易外汇管理法规的通知》(汇发[2013]30号)附件2《服务贸易外汇管理指引实施细则》第六条第(五)项修改为“利润、股息和红利项下对外支付:与本次汇出相关的董事会利润分配决议。境内机构可依法支付中期境外股东所得的股息、红利; 外商投资合伙企业外国合伙人所得利润项下对外支付:合伙人利润分配决议; 利润、股息和红利项下收汇:利润处置决议和境外机构相关年度的财务报表”。 四、将《国家外汇管理局、建设部关于规范房地产市场外汇管理有关问题的通知》(汇发[2006]47号)第六条修改为“外商投资房地产企业未取得《国有土地使用证》的,或开发项目资本金未达到项目投资总额的35%的,不得向境外借用外债,外汇局不予办理外债登记和外债结汇核准”。 五、删除《国家外汇管理局关于发布〈外债登记管理办法〉的通知》(汇发[2013]19号)附件2《外债登记管理操作指引》“一、非银行债务人办理外债签约登记”审核原则第2点(2)、(3),并将第6点第(3)项修改为“外商投资房地产企业未取得《国有土地使用证》的,或开发项目资本金未达到项目投资总额35%的,不得向境外借用外债,外汇局不予办理外债登记和外债结汇核准”。 据此对条文顺序作相应调整。 六、将《国家外汇管理局关于境内企业境外放款外汇管理有关问题的通知》(汇发[2009]24号)第七条第(一)项修改为“放款人和借款人均依法注册成立”。 七、将《国家外汇管理局关于发布〈境内企业内部成员外汇资金集中运营管理规定〉的通知》(汇发[2009]49号)第十四条修改为“开展外币资金池业务的境内企业应依法注册成立,且最近两年内未存在违反外汇管理法规行为”。 八、将《国家外汇管理局关于进一步改进和调整直接投资外汇管理政策的通知》(汇发[2012]59号)附件1《资本项目直接投资外汇业务操作规程(外汇局版)》1.14“境内企业开展外币资金池业务”审核原则第2点修改为“申请开展外币资金池业务的各境内成员企业应为依法注册成立、独立承担法律责任”;将2.8“境内机构境外放款额度登记”审核原则第1点修改为“放款人和借款人均依法注册成立”。 九、将《国家外汇管理局综合司关于印发〈资本项目外汇业务操作指引(2013年版)〉的通知》(汇综发[2013]80号)附件《资本项目外汇业务操作指引(2013年版)》2.10“境内企业开展外币资金池业务”审核原则第2点修改为“申请开展外币资金池业务的各境内成员企业应为依法注册成立、独立承担法律责任”;3.7“境内机构境外放款额度登记”审核原则第1点修改为“放款人和借款人均依法注册成立”;删除4.2“非银行债务人办理外债签约登记”审核原则第2点(2)、(3),并将第6点第(3)项修改为“外商投资房地产企业未取得《国有土地使用证》的,或开发项目资本金未达到项目投资总额35%的,不得向境外借用外债,外汇局不予办理外债登记和外债结汇核准”。 据此对条文顺序作相应调整。 本通知自公布之日起生效。 国家外汇管理局 2015年5月4日 2015-05-22/ningxia/2015/0522/201.html
-
国家外汇管理局各省、自治区、直辖市分局、外汇管理部,深圳、大连、青岛、厦门、宁波市分局: 为进一步促进贸易投资便利化,服务实体经济,国家外汇管理局(以下简称总局)修订了《跨国公司外汇资金集中运营管理规定(试行)》。现通知如下: 一、试点外债比例自律管理。跨国公司成员企业借用外债实行比例自律,主办企业可全部或部分集中成员企业外债额度;外债结汇资金可依法用于偿还人民币贷款、股权投资等;企业办理外债登记后可根据商业原则自主选择偿债币种。 二、优化国际主账户功能。境内银行通过国际外汇资金主账户吸收的存款,可在不超过前六个月日均存款余额的50%(含)额度内境内运用;在纳入银行结售汇头寸管理前提下,允许账户内资金一定比例内结售汇。 三、简化账户开立要求。允许跨国公司资金集中运营A类成员企业经常项目外汇收入无需进入出口收入待核查账户;符合条件的跨国公司主办企业可异地开立国内、国际外汇资金主账户。 四、简化外汇收支手续。允许银行按照“了解客户”、“了解业务”、“尽职审查”等原则,审核相关电子单证真实性后办理经常项目外汇收支;允许经常项目和资本项目对外支付购汇与付汇在不同银行办理。 五、完善涉外收付款申报手续。简化集中收付汇和轧差结算收支申报程序,建立与资金池自动扫款模式相适应的涉外收付款申报方式,允许银企一揽子签订涉外收付款扫款协议。 六、加强事中事后管理。一是银行、企业等应按照规定及时、准确报送试点业务等数据。二是各级外汇局应当加强跨国公司外汇资金集中运营管理业务跨境资金流动监测,对异常或可疑情况进行风险提示,依法开展现场核查检查。三是各分局、外汇管理部(以下简称分局)既可要求主办企业一次性更新之前备案材料,重新制定操作规程备案;也可仅就外债比例自律管理等新增业务单独备案。分局参照前述规定办理向总局的备案,新开展业务的分局须向总局整体备案业务操作规程。四是分局在审核企业备案操作规程过程中,须严格审核外债和对外放款额度,确保准确;做好系统维护,加强部门协调和对银行、企业的监管。 现将修订后的《跨国公司外汇资金集中运营管理规定》印发,请各分局遵照执行。遇有特殊情况,及时向总局反馈。 联系电话: 010-68402113;68402448;68402381;68402383 附件:跨国公司外汇资金集中运营管理规定 国家外汇管理局 2015年8月5日 附件1: 跨国公司外汇资金集中运营管理规定 2015-09-07/ningxia/2015/0907/203.html
-
国家外汇管理局各省、自治区、直辖市分局、外汇管理部,深圳、大连、青岛、厦门、宁波市分局: 为提高企业办理外汇收支业务的便利性和合规性,创新外汇管理与服务,国家外汇管理局于2014年上半年推出了面向企业主体的联机接口服务(以下简称企业联机接口服务),并在深圳地区开展了试点工作。根据试点情况,国家外汇管理局(以下简称外汇局)决定将企业联机接口服务应用范围扩大至全国,现就有关事项通知如下: 一、企业联机接口服务用于实现企业自身业务系统与外汇局业务系统以后台接口方式直接对接,开展企业自身业务数据的查询、报送等实时业务办理工作,现已开通货物贸易外汇监测系统、国际收支网上申报系统联机接口服务,今后将根据需要逐步扩展服务领域。 二、企业通过企业联机接口服务使用外汇局业务系统与登录外汇局应用服务平台使用外汇局业务系统的业务管理要求和规则完全一致。 三、国家外汇管理局各分局、外汇管理部(以下简称各分局)应加强对企业联机接口服务工作的组织领导,成立由科技人员和业务人员组成的工作小组,负责辖内企业联机接口服务的宣传培训、接入审核、跟踪调查及退出管理等工作。 四、各分局组织开展企业联机接口服务工作,应根据辖内企业情况合理安排工作进度,结合企业需要切实做好服务工作。 五、为确保扩大企业联机接口服务应用范围工作顺利开展,各分局应按以下要求指导企业开展相关工作: (一)企业申请使用企业联机接口服务应坚持自愿和实需原则。申请接入的企业应具有健全的内控管理制度和完善的企业内部信息系统,并遵循外汇局相关业务管理制度及联机接口技术规范。 (二)企业向所在地分局申请接入,并签署《国家外汇管理局企业联机接口服务使用承诺书》(见附件)。集团企业经内部授权,可以由主办企业向其所在地分局申请单点接入,成员企业以自身名义通过联机接口办理自身业务。 (三)申请接入的企业应根据《企业联机接口服务指南》、《企业联机接口技术方案》、《企业联机接口报文规范》做好自身系统改造、联调测试、接入申请、运行管理等工作。上述文档资料可通过外汇局应用服务平台互联网端(http://asone.safesvc.gov.cn/asone)常用下载栏目下载。 各分局接到本通知后,应尽快转发辖内中心支局、支局。执行中如遇问题,请及时向国家外汇管理局反馈。 特此通知。 附件:国家外汇管理局企业联机接口服务使用承诺书 国家外汇管理局综合司 2015年2月11日 附件1: 国家外汇管理局企业联机接口服务使用承诺书 2015-05-07/ningxia/2015/0507/755.html
-
国家外汇管理局各省、自治区、直辖市分局、外汇管理部,深圳、大连、青岛、厦门、宁波市分局: 为进一步规范个人本外币兑换特许业务和外币代兑业务,根据《行政许可法》、《外汇管理条例》、《外币代兑机构管理暂行办法》(中国人民银行令〔2003〕6号)、《国家外汇管理局关于印发<个人本外币兑换特许业务试点管理办法>的通知》(汇发〔2012〕27号),现就有关事项通知如下: 一、进一步加强个人本外币兑换特许机构(以下简称特许机构)市场准入管理。对于新设立及发生股权转让的特许机构,国家外汇管理局外汇分局(含外汇管理部,以下简称外汇分局)应认真开展现场验收,严格审查申请机构的资质、股权结构或受让人业务背景,并充分考虑本地个人本外币兑换实际需求,合理把握特许机构审批节奏,避免出现过度竞争局面。 二、进一步加强特许机构和外币代兑机构的日常业务管理。 (一)特许机构和外币代兑机构应严格按照相关规定在业务范围内开展日常经营活动,履行各项数据统计及报送义务。 (二)授权银行应加强对外币代兑机构的管理和监督,发现外币代兑机构未按规定办理兑换业务的,应当及时纠正并向国家外汇管理局当地分支机构报告。 (三)各外汇分局应建立对特许机构的现场和非现场核查工作机制,并加强对特许机构的日常监督管理,了解特许机构内控制度建设及执行情况,防止非法宣传、招商加盟、超范围经营等行为的发生;加强与其他外汇分局的沟通,调查掌握辖内特许机构异地及外地特许机构本地设立分支机构情况,并跟踪其业务开展情况。 三、及时处置特许机构、外币代兑机构不规范经营活动。对于未经批准擅自开展业务、超范围经营业务或者涉嫌网络炒汇的特许机构,外汇分局应及时暂停或取消其个人本外币兑换特许业务试点;对于外币代兑机构,外汇分局应督促授权银行及时暂停或取消其外币代兑业务。 《个人本外币兑换特许业务试点管理办法》实施以来的特许机构从事前述行为的,按前款规定办理。 四、各外汇分局接到本通知后,应立即转发辖内中心支局、支局以及辖内商业银行、特许机构。 国家外汇管理局综合司 2015年2月12日 2015-05-05/ningxia/2015/0505/216.html
-
见附件 附件1:各种货币对美元折算率(2021年6月30日) 2021-06-30/safe/2021/0630/19297.html
-
国家外汇管理局各省、自治区、直辖市分局、外汇管理部,深圳、大连、青岛、厦门、宁波市分局;各全国性中资银行: 为进一步推进银行执行外汇管理规定情况考核工作的顺利开展,提高考核工作的科学性和公平性,国家外汇管理局对《银行执行外汇管理规定情况考核办法》再次进行了修订(见附件,以下简称《办法》)。现就有关事项通知如下: 一、国家外汇管理局各分局、外汇管理部接到本通知后,应立即转发辖内中心支局、支局、城市商业银行、农村商业银行、外商独资银行、中外合资银行、外国银行分行以及农村合作金融机构,尽快完成对所辖中心支局、支局的业务操作培训,严格遵照《办法》规定,公平、公正地开展对辖内银行的考核工作。 二、各全国性中资银行应尽快转发所辖分支机构,认真落实《办法》的相关要求,依法合规办理各项业务。 三、本通知下发之日起,《国家外汇管理局关于修订〈银行执行外汇管理规定情况考核办法〉的通知》(汇发[2010]38号)、《国家外汇管理局综合司关于在银行执行外汇管理规定情况考核系统中补录入考核信息的通知》(汇综发[2010]128号)、《国家外汇管理局关于调整银行执行外汇管理规定情况考核周期的通知》(汇发[2014]42号)废止。2015年度银行执行外汇管理规定情况考核工作依照本《办法》办理。 执行中如遇问题,请及时向国家外汇管理局相关部门反馈。联系电话:010-68402113(综合司),010-68402593(国际收支司),010-68402104(经常项目管理司),010-68402348(资本项目管理司),010-68402378(管理检查司),010-68402028(外汇业务数据监测中心)。 特此通知。 附件:银行执行外汇管理规定情况考核办法 国家外汇管理局 2015年6月17日 附件1: 银行执行外汇管理规定情况考核办法 2015-07-07/ningxia/2015/0707/202.html