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The State Administration of Foreign Exchange (SAFE) recently held in Beijing the 2014 high-level seminar for branch heads to convey the spirit of the Seminar for Presidents of the PBC Branches and Sub-branches, summarize and study foreign exchange administration practices in recent years, and open a new chapter in the foreign exchange administration reforms. Yi Gang, administrator of the SAFE, delivered a speech at the opening ceremony of the seminar. Also present were the deputy administrators, the head of the discipline inspection group, the chief economist, and the chief accountant from the SAFE, as well as the principals from the SAFE branches (Foreign Exchange Departments) and other departments of the SAFE. According to Yi Gang, as the economic and financial situations have undergone changes both at home and abroad, and the domestic reforms have deepened and been implemented in an all-round way since the first half of 2014, net inflows of foreign exchange receipts and payments have come within a balanced range, the supply and demand of foreign exchange have been improved, the capability to actively balance the BOP has been enhanced, and all foreign exchange administration reforms have been steadily promoted, thus creating a favorable environment for stimulating economic restructuring and transformation and upgrading. Yi Gang pointed out that since the "five changes" in the concepts and approaches to foreign exchange administration were first proposed by the SAFE Party Leadership Group in 2009, a series of fruits of reform that can withstand the test of time have been achieved through exploration and practice during the past five years . First, the change from administrative approval to monitoring and analysis has produced positive results. A substantial number of administrative approval items have been slashed. Since 2002 65 foreign exchange administration approval items, or nearly 80 percent of all approval items, have been removed, of which 27 have been canceled during the past five years. Regulatory integration, streamlining, and the delegation of powers have been accelerated, with more than 700, or over 60 percent, of the regulatory documents cancelled or declared invalid in recent years. The monitoring systems and institutions have been optimized, monitoring and capability building for analysis have been improved significantly, and monitoring and analytical products have been enriched. Second, there have been breakthroughs in the change from prior regulation to interim and ex post management. A multifaceted approach has been introduced to improve regulatory effectiveness through the use of multiple means and mechanisms. By introducing the system of interviewing company heads, a risk notification system has been implemented, classified management has been adopted, and the focus of regulation has been changed from more than 500,000 import and export companies to 80,000 90,000 key companies, especially the more than 4,000 class B and class C companies since the implementation of the reform of trade in goods. Special inspections have been carried out of key channels and players, such as entrept trade and banks, to clamp down on illegal behavior such as underground banks. Between 2011 and 2013 9,617 cases were investigated and dealt with, and fines in the amount of RMB 1.35 billion were imposed, more than double the amount between 2008 and 2010. Third, progress has been achieved in changing behavioral regulation to regulation of market players. Efforts have been made to explore new concepts, such as centralized receipts and payments of foreign exchange under the current account and centralized use of external debt limits via pilots for the centralized operation of MNC foreign exchange funds, to accumulate experience in regulating market players in an all-round way. The pilot program was promoted to regulate market players in good order in the branches and sub-branches of the SAFE, and "one-stop" services in the front office with comprehensive monitoring and inspections, integrated assessments and classified management in the middle and back offices, were introduced to build a regulatory service model that integrates analysis, regulation, and services for key players within the jurisdiction. Fourth, the positive list was changed to a negative list and "presuming guilty" was changed to "presuming innocent" and this has achieved preliminary results. An innovative "compliance confirmation" system was introduced, requesting that enterprises make commitments to operate according to the law, with the SAFE providing adequate ex ante conveniences. In recent policies, efforts have been made to explore and practice the management approach of a "negative list," such as for settlement of foreign exchange under capital funds and external debts, cross-border guarantees, and centralized operations of MNC foreign exchange funds. Yi Gang stressed that the entire society has reached a consensus to promote reform with respect to the direction and approaches of the foreign exchange administration reform to be well aligned with the requirements of the central government, and the reform concepts, such as slashing the administrative approval items and enhancing the interim and ex post regulation as well as the negative list. With liberated minds, we are less passive and more proactive in conducting the reform, thus laying a solid theoretical and practical foundation for deepening the reform. However, we should be clearly aware that the current accomplishments do not mark the end of the reform, but a new start for a further deepening of the reform. In face of the arduous task to reform foreign exchange administration, we must calmly and carefully think over the conditions and environment for foreign exchange administration from an international and holistic perspective and continue to deepen the challenging reforms by implementing the strategies and plans of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council. As the foreign exchange administration reform enters a "deep water zone," we should first promote the overall reform while making breakthroughs in key links. The overall reform plan and the top-level design, with a clear logic and definite measures, should be developed and implemented scientifically. Starting from in-depth issues such as the systems and mechanisms and based on the BOP situation, the priorities of the reform should be promoted step by step so as to unleash institutional bonuses via the overall reform. Second, regulation and deregulation should be carried out based on the market so as to enhance the effectiveness of foreign exchange administration, primarily by intensifying statistical monitoring and interim and ex post regulation. Third, we should systematically streamline and summarize the lessons from the previous reforms, based on the principle of practice being the sole criterion of truth, so as to identify a reform model that can be reproduced and promoted. As Yi Gang proposed, motivated by implementation of the spirit of the 18th CPC National Congress and the Third Plenum of the 18th CPC Central Committee and guided by the "five changes," efforts should be made to steadily promote an institutional reform and mechanism innovations, vigorously advance trade and investment facilitation, and enhance the ability of the foreign exchange administration to guard against risks and to serve the real economy during the next stage, with the aim of promoting an equilibrium in the BOP. First, deepening the reform, streamlining administration, and delegating more power to lower-level governments, promoting interim and ex post management, vigorously developing the foreign exchange market, and effectively managing and using the foreign exchange reserves. Second, guarding against risks, accelerating improvements in the monitoring, warning, and risk response mechanisms for cross-border capital flows, establishing a cross-border capital flow management system under a macro-prudential framework, and increasing the relevance and effectiveness of the foreign exchange inspections. Third, strengthening the foundation, improving the collection and comprehensive use of data, accelerating the construction and integration of the monitoring and analysis system, enhancing the development of officials and personnel to promote a management transformation, improving system building, and performing the administrative duties according to the law. At the seminar, four modules, including reform of the current account, reform of the capital account, regulation of market players, and integration of data, were specifically discussed and relevant experts and scholars were invited to present lectures. 2014-08-22/en/2014/0822/1126.html
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To adapt to the development of the transfer of cross-border foreign currency banknotes by banks and to further improve management of the transfer of foreign currency banknotes, the State Administration of Foreign Exchange (SAFE) and the General Administration of Customs (GAC) jointly amended the management system for the transfer of cross-border foreign currency banknotes by banks and released the Circular of the SAFE and the GAC on the Issuance of Regulations on Managing Transfers of Cross-border Foreign Currency Banknotes by Banks (HuiFa [2014] No. 24, hereafter referred to as the Circular). The highlights of the Circular are as follows: 1. Simplifying management processes and delegating administrative approval responsibilities to the SAFE branches. 2. Clarifying the processes for adding customs ports, with only the local SAFE branches and the customs’ authority directly under the GAC required to file with the SAFE and the GAC. 3. Allowing other qualified institutions to conduct transfers of cross-border foreign currency banknotes after obtaining approval. 4. Adjusting the name of the “License for the Transfer of Cross-border Foreign Currency Banknotes by Banks” to “Documents of Cross-border Transfers of Foreign Currency Banknotes.” The Circular will come into force on May 1, 2014. 2014-07-07/en/2014/0707/1120.html
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In order to promote and regulate development of the foreign exchange market and to strengthen its self-regulatory administration, currently, under the guidance of State Administration of Foreign Exchange and organized by China Foreign Exchange Trade System, the interbank foreign exchange market maker has formulated and released the Guidelines on the Professional Ethics and Market Practices in the Interbank Foreign Exchange Market (hereinafter referred to as the Guidelines). The Guidelines are a self-regulatory document aimed at regulating transactions in the interbank foreign exchange market and an effective supplement to the regulatory documents, conducive to promoting the establishment of a new foreign exchange market administration framework, led by industry self-regulation and assisted by government regulation. FILE: Guidelines on the Professional Ethics and Market Practices in the Interbank Foreign Exchange Market 2014-08-18/en/2014/0818/1124.html
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Moderator Xi Yanchun: Good morning, ladies and gentlemen. Welcome to the press conference of the State Council Information Office. We have organized several press conferences on economic data since the beginning of July. Today we are very glad to have with us Ms. Wang Chunying, press spokesperson and director of the Department of Balance of Payments of the State Administration of Foreign Exchange (SAFE). She will brief us on the foreign exchange receipts and payments for the first half of 2016 and take your questions. Now let me introduce you to Ms. Wang. 2016-07-21 09:47:51 Wang Chunying: Friends from the press, good morning. Welcome to today's press conference. I would first like to unveil foreign exchange receipts and payments for 2016 and then I will be taking your questions. In the first half of this year, the global economy was still undergoing profound adjustments, featuring heavy downward pressure and increasingly complex global financial markets; China's economic operation basically met expectations, with stable financial markets and RMB exchange rates. The SAFE continued to promote the foreign exchange administration reform to facilitate trading and investing activities by market players; and on the other hand, it was committed to enhancing monitoring of cross-border capital flows to guard against associated risks. Overall, the pressure on China from cross-border capital outflows was gradually eased in the first half. 2016-07-21 09:51:41 Wang Chunying: Banks settled foreign exchange of RMB 4.75 trillion (USD 726.7 billion) and sold foreign exchange of RMB 5.88 trillion (USD 900.5 billion) in the first half, with a deficit of RMB 1.13 trillion (USD 173.8 billion). Meanwhile, banks registered cumulative foreign-related income of RMB 8.85 trillion (USD 1.3545 trillion) and made external payment of RMB 9.95 trillion (USD 1.5233 trillion) for their customers, with a deficit of RMB 1.10 trillion (USD 168.8 billion), according to the data on banks' foreign-related receipts and payments for customers. 2016-07-21 09:54:12 Wang Chunying: China’s foreign exchange receipts and payments for the first half present the following characteristics: First, banks' foreign exchange settlements and sales, and foreign-related receipts and payments were both in deficit. In the first half, in US dollar terms, the foreign exchange settled by banks was down by 16% year on year, while the foreign exchange sold, down by 7% year on year, leading to a deficit of USD 173.8 billion. Banks' foreign-related receipts for customers went down by 18% year on year, and foreign-related payments made by banks for customers went down by 5%, indicating a deficit of USD 168.8 billion, including a deficit of USD 25.9 billion in the balance of foreign-related foreign exchange receipts and payments. Second, pressure from cross-border capital outflows was gradually eased. According to banks' foreign exchange sales and settlements data, China posted a deficit of USD 124.8 billion in the first quarter, which plummeted to USD 49 billion in the second quarter. In particular, the monthly deficit dropped from USD 54.4 billion in January to USD 12.5 billion and USD 12.8 billion in May and June respectively. According to the data on banks' foreign-related receipts and payments for customers, China posted a deficit of USD 112.3 billion in the first quarter, which contracted to USD 56.5 billion in the second quarter. In particular, the deficit in banks' foreign–related receipts and payments for customers dropped month-on-month from January to April to USD 20.1 billion, USD 10.5 billion, USD 5.9 billion and USD 2 billion respectively; But the deficit changed into a surplus of USD 200 million and USD 12.5 billion in May and June respectively. 2016-07-21 09:55:19 Wang Chunying: Third, foreign exchange sales rate dropped, and foreign exchange financing through some channels picked up. The foreign exchange sales rate, the measure of enterprises' motive to buy foreign exchange, or the ratio of foreign exchange customer bought from bank to customer's foreign-related foreign exchange payments, was 80% in the first quarter, and 74% in the second quarter, down by 6 percentage points quarter on quarter. In the first half, the outstanding domestic foreign exchange loans fell by USD 58.3 billion, including declines of USD 35 billion and USD 23.4 billion in the first and second quarters respectively. Further, the balance of cross-border financing for imports such as refinancing and forward L/C dropped by USD 34.9 billion in the first quarter, and by USD 5 billion in the second quarter. In particular, the balance of cross-border financing for imports has picked up for four straight months since March, indicating enterprises' deleveraging of external debt slowed down. Fourth, the foreign exchange settlement rate rose, indicating market players' willingness to hold foreign exchange was weakened. Foreign exchange sold by customers to banks as a percentage of their foreign-related foreign exchange receipts, or the foreign exchange settlement rate that measures the willingness of companies and individuals to settle foreign exchange, was 59% in the first quarter, and 63% in the second quarter, up by 4 percentage points quarter on quarter. In the first half, the balance of banks' foreign exchange deposits rose by USD 28.8 billion, including an increase of USD 38.6 billion in the first quarter and a fall of USD 9.8 billion in the second quarter. All of this pointed to a weakened desire among individuals and enterprises to hold foreign exchange. 2016-07-21 09:58:27 Wang Chunying: Fifth, banks registered a drastic decline in the deficit in forward settlements and sales of foreign exchange. In the first half, the number of clients contracting for forward foreign exchange settlement with banks was down by 61% year on year, while that of clients contracting for forward foreign exchange sales with banks was down by 55%, leading to a deficit of USD 37 billion in forward foreign exchange settlements and sales contracted with banks, down by 46% year on year. In particular, the deficit for the first quarter was USD 36.3 billion, and contracted to USD 800 million in the second quarter, indicating an equilibrium between foreign exchange supply and demand in forward markets, and stable expectations of the RMB exchange rate. These are the major statistical data I want to unveil regarding foreign exchange receipts and payments for the first half. Now I will answer your questions. 2016-07-21 10:01:36 Moderator Xi Yanchun: We are moving into the Q&A session. Please tell us what news agency you are from before raising your questions. Let's get started. 2016-07-21 10:03:00 Economic Daily: China's cross-border capital flows have been fluctuating violently these days. Will this be a normal in the foreseeable future? 2016-07-21 10:04:02 Wang Chunying: As internationally recognized, the Balance of Payments can fully reflect a country's cross-border capital flows. We have published the balance of payments data for the first quarter, and will be disseminating the data for the first half soon. 2016-07-21 10:04:47 Wang Chunying: China's balance of payments for recent years presents a pattern of surplus under the current account while deficit under the non-reserve capital and financial account. In making analysis, we usually remove reserves from the capital and financial account and observe the non-reserve capital and financial account. If reserves are included and net errors and omissions are not taken into consideration, the surplus under the current account can be offset by the deficit under the capital and financial account. First of all, the surplus under the current account lays a foundation for China's cross-border capital flows. According to the statistical principle of the balance of payments, the surplus under the current account is actually the basis for China's sustained exports of capital and accumulation of external claims. For example, China's foreign exchange receipts from exports of goods or services need to be used overseas through investments, among others, which will be shown in a deficit under the capital and financial account. Since the 1990s, China has witnessed continued surpluses under the current account. The surplus as a percentage of GDP for the first quarter was 1.6%, which was within the internationally recognized reasonable range, compared with the historical peak of 10% or so. 2016-07-21 10:09:58 Wang Chunying: Second, the non-reserve financial account is becoming the dominant force in China's cross-border capital flows. The non-reserve financial account reflects NGOs' cross-border capital flows. Around the second quarter of 2014, China witnessed dramatic changes under the non-reserve financial account. Except in a few quarters, China had registered continued surpluses under the non-reserve capital and financial account before 2014. Between 2003 and 2013 in particular, along with a tremendous influx of foreign capital, China reported fast growth in foreign exchange reserves. From 2014 onward, China's non-reserve capital and financial account has remained in deficit, which, however, was not caused by withdrawal of investment by foreign capital, but by the private sector's increasing outward investments for internationalization. In the first quarter, for example, the external financial asset of Chinese enterprises and individuals rose by RMB 109.8 billion, of which more than 50% was ODI. On the other hand, China's external debt fell by USD 13.5 billion, which is favorable for reducing the currency mismatch risk and lowering society's leverage ratio. In the meanwhile, China attracted a net inflow of USD 41.1 billion in FDI, indicating that overseas long-term capital is still optimistic about China. 2016-07-21 10:23:25 Wang Chunying: Going forward, China's cross-border capital flows will continue to reflect China's economic fundamentals. Along with the domestic economic transformation and upgrades, China's economy will maintain a mid and high growth rate, and the current account dominated by trade in goods will continue to remain in surplus. Meanwhile, China's foreign exchange reserves will remain abundant, and its ability to guard against cross-border capital flow risks will be strong. China will also remain highly attractive to long-term capital. As reform and opening up is pushed forward, domestic enterprises and individuals will become more sensible and reasonable about adjusting the asset and liability structures, which will guide China's cross-border capital flows towards a stable direction. Thank you. 2016-07-21 10:34:19 CCTV: According to the data you disseminated just now, the pressure from cross-border capital outflows facing China was eased in the first half. Could you tell us why? What would you say about China's cross-border capital flows in the future? 2016-07-21 10:43:18 Wang Chunying: Thank you for your questions. According to the data I disseminated, the pressure from cross-border capital outflows facing China was indeed eased, which reflected the changes in domestic and overseas market environments. First, the macro economic and financial environments remained stable. Externally, global financial markets were stable in most part of the first half, except at the beginning of the year and the end of June. The Fed was slow in raising interest rates, with the US Dollar Index falling by 2.6% in the period. Domestically, China's economic operation stayed within a reasonable range, with stable growth in the first quarter continuing in the second quarter, the roles of domestic demand further strengthened, reforms achieving positive progress, and some economic indicators performing well. For example, employment and prices stayed stable, sales grew steadily, and the official PMI fell within the expansion phase in most of the time. Second, market sentiment remained stable and reasonable, and expectations of RMB depreciation were weakened. As the RMB exchange rate was further marketized, market players had gradually adapted to the new mechanism and expectations of exchange rate had been stabilized. The daily average spread between CNY/CNH against the US dollars was shrinking from January to April, hitting 419, 111, 94 and 80 basis points respectively; the spread rose to 162 basis points in May but fell to 97 basis points in June. In all, the stabilization of market sentiment was a very exciting change. 2016-07-21 10:43:50 Wang Chunying: Overall, China's cross-border capital flows will remain basically stable in the future. On the one hand, there are many uncertainties in both domestic and foreign environments, which will challenge the stability of China's cross-border capital flows. But on the other hand, there are still many factors that support the stability of China's balance of payments. First, China's economy is operated within a reasonable range, its economic structure is being optimized, and economic growth is high at the global level. Moreover, China's fiscal position is sound, its financial system is robust, and the features of its economy, namely, strong resilience, great potential and broad room to maneuver, remain unchanged. According to the latest forecast issued by the IMF on July 19, the global economic growth will reach 3.1% this year, which is down by 0.1 percentage point from the forecast of April, but China's economic growth will be upped by 0.1 percentage point to 6.6%, the second time the IMF has upgraded its forecast of China's economy since the beginning of this year. Second, the current account remains in surplus, which is within the reasonable range. Third, there is still a gap between the return on assets both at home and abroad. For example, as at the end of this June, the yield of China's treasury bond due in one year was 1.8 percentage points higher than that of the US, and the yield of China's treasury bond due in a decade was 1.2 percentage points higher. Fourth, China still takes the top spot across the world by the balance of its foreign exchange reserves. Further, the global communication and coordination for guarding against risks are being strengthened, which will be favorable for maintaining stable markets. 2016-07-21 10:45:44 China Daily: Since Britain's exited from the EU, global financial markets have been struggling with heightened fluctuations. I wonder what impact Brexit has had on China's cross-border capital flows, and what moves China will take to guard against relevant risks? Thank you. 2016-07-21 10:48:57 Wang Chunying: Britain's exit from the EU has attracted wide concerns in society. China has doubled its efforts of highly frequent statistical monitoring and early warning before and after the referendum on Brexit. So far, no significant impact from Brexit has been spotted on China's cross-border capital flows. First, over the short run, the impact will be chiefly from the fluctuating global markets, but the pressure will be effectively unleashed, hence limited impact on domestic supply and demand. In the wake of the announcement of the Brexit referendum outcome, global financial markets experienced violent volatilities, with the US Dollar Index surging, and risk aversion rose dramatically, and the RMB exchange rate against USD was depreciated, while China's cross-border capital flows and supply and demand remained stable, which indicates that the exchange rate's role in adjusting supply and demand has been strengthened. 2016-07-21 10:49:58 Wang Chunying: Second, in the mid and long term, impact will be complex and rendered step-by-step, but will not change the stability of China's overall cross-border capital flows. Market evolution and conduction will be under great uncertainties after the Brexit referendum, and may affect the cadence of the Fed's adjustment of its monetary policy, which combined will impact China's cross-border capital flows. For example, if Brexit repeatedly impacts the market, China's cross-border capital flows may be affected by market volatilities, rising risk aversion and strengthened US dollars caused therefrom, but the progress of the Fed's interest rate hikes may slow down due to market volatilities. Further, Brexit's impact on the British and European economies, and then on the trade and investments of China, Britain and Europe will not be felt or lead to dramatic adjustments in the short run, and as a result, its impact on China's cross-border capital flows will not be rendered right away. 2016-07-21 10:51:18 Wang Chunying: Third, historically, China's cross-border capital flows have withstood external impact in recent years, suggesting a solid foundation for China to sustain stability. From the global financial crisis in 2008 to the European debt crisis in 2011, and to the exit of Fed's QE policy in 2014 and the first interest rate hike in 2015, global financial markets have experienced violent volatilities. China's cross-border capital flows, somewhat affected though, had been re-stabilized after short-term fluctuations, with relevant risks within control, which was closely related to China's sound economic fundamentals, robust external account and abundant foreign exchange reserves. This will hold true for the Britain's exit from the EU. With a robust internal basis, China's cross-border capital flows will remain stable. To be sure, we will continue to intensify monitoring, assess impacts in real time, and keep refining existing policy programs to guard against risks arising from cross-border capital flows. 2016-07-21 10:59:49 CBN Daily: According to China's foreign exchange reserves and banks' foreign exchange settlements and sales data, China's cross-border capital outflows are contracting. But in comparison, the depreciation pressure on the RMB exchange rate, especially in May and June, was heightened. This means that the RMB exchange rate depreciation was decoupled with cross-border capital flows, and the amount ran counter to the price of the RMB. Could you tell us why? Is this related to China's foreign exchange administration policy? 2016-07-21 11:04:44 Wang Chunying: We have noted this too. It is normal that the deficit in foreign exchange sales and settlements contracts, cross-border capital flows drop while the RMB exchange rate changes. In the 8·11 foreign exchange administration reform last year, the People's Bank of China refined the mechanism of the central parity rate of the RMB against the USD, and announced the RMB exchange rate index last December, thereby further improving the formation mechanism that is adjusted based on supply and demand and with reference to a basket of currencies, in a bid to better adapt to market changes. Under the dual impact of the recent changes in supply and demand, and in exchange rates of a basket of currencies, the RMB exchange rate against the US dollar has been depreciated, but remained stable against a basket of other currencies. The changes in the deficit in foreign exchange sales and settlements are actually subject to many factors. For example, just as mentioned earlier, along with the introduction of the new policies in favor of cross-border investment and financing, many enterprises will consider enhancing overseas financing, and reducing purchases of foreign exchange. Therefore, despite the foreign exchange rate depreciation, the deficit in foreign exchange sales and settlements may not necessarily rise. 2016-07-21 11:09:15 BTV: We noted that China's foreign exchange reserves rose in March and April, dropped in May and picked up in June. Could you tell us why foreign exchange reserves picked up in June? What's your view on the current levels of China's foreign exchange reserves? 2016-07-21 11:40:00 Wang Chunying: Four categories of factors will impact the changes in the size of foreign exchange reserves: first, reserve changes caused by the balance of payments transactions, including adjustments by the central bank to balance the supply and demand of foreign exchange, and operating revenues of reserves; Second, price fluctuations of investments with foreign exchange reserves, or price revaluation; Third, exchange rate conversion. Since China's foreign exchange reserves are denominated in US dollars and subject to diversified operations, the changes in the exchange rates of other currencies against the USD may lead to changes in the size of China's foreign exchange reserves; Fourth, as defined by the IMF, foreign exchange reserves used to support going global will be excluded from the entry of foreign exchange reserves in accounting. As at the end of June 2016, China posted USD 3.2052 trillion in foreign exchange reserves, up by USD 13.4 billion from the end of May, thanks to the rising prices of the assets invested with foreign exchange reserves. Certainly, the recent equilibrium of domestic supply and demand of foreign exchange and reserves income also helped stabilize foreign exchange reserves. 2016-07-21 11:41:40 Wang Chunying: For the moment, China still takes the first place worldwide by foreign exchange reserves, which are much higher than nearly USD 1.3 trillion in Japan, who ranks No. 2, and USD 600 billion in Switzerland and Saudi Arabia respectively, who rank No. 3 and No. 4. The IMF statistics show that China's foreign exchange reserves accounted for 30% of the world's total as at the end of the first quarter, which was still astonishing. There are various opinions on the suitable size of foreign exchange reserves, but traditionally, indicators such as imports for 3-6 months or 100% short-term external debt are used for measurement. Overall, measured by the absolute size of foreign exchange reserves or by other adequacy indicators such as the shares of foreign exchange reserves in imports and external debt, China's foreign exchange reserves are abundant, which lays a solid foundation for the government to withstand external impact. 2016-07-21 11:46:02 Wang Chunying: Going forward, it may be a normal that foreign exchange reserves will fluctuate around the reasonable level. The changes in foreign exchange reserves are the result of macroeconomic operations both at home and abroad. As China is deeply integrated into the world economy, it will face some uncertainties, but there are still many fundamental factors that support the stability of China's balance of payments, such as economic operation within the reasonable range, optimizing economic structure, continued surplus under the current account, and continued inflows of long-term capital. China's cross-border capital will continue to present a pattern of bidirectional fluctuations. By the same token, fluctuations of foreign exchange reserves around the reasonable level may also be a normal. 2016-07-21 11:48:32 Nihon Keizai Shimbun: This press conference is professional with many data disseminated. Could you give me some materials? Such a data dissemination press conference usually provides materials. 2016-07-21 11:49:43 Moderator Xi Yanchun: Let me make a clarification. Relevant data were disseminated at the website of the SAFE this morning. The Q&A session is also uploaded in real time. If you have any questions or want more detailed materials, please contact the news department of the SAFE. I am sure they will help you. 2016-07-21 11:52:28 Guangming Daily: The media has paid close attention to China's loss of the second largest creditor for a while. What's the SAFE's view about such attention? 2016-07-21 11:53:28 Wang Chunying: I would like to say something more to the previous reporter. We would like to provide some historical data in advance to help you understand. The data disseminated today are being uploaded to the website of the SAFE in real time, where you can also acquire the historical data already disseminated. 2016-07-21 11:54:58 Wang Chunying: Well, for this question, we should look at the relationship between the Balance of Payments and the International Investment Position. In 2015, China's ranking dropped by net external assets. The net external asset was USD 1.6 trillion in 2015, down by USD 6.3 billion year-on-year. As at the end of 2014, the figure was down by USD 393.2 billion year-on-year. The slump since 2014 was attributable to China's adoption of a new statistical method. The rise or fall in China's net external asset is subject to the financial account transaction under the balance of payments, the increase or decline in China's assets or liabilities arising from outward investment or attraction of capital and the non-transaction changes such as in price and foreign exchange rate. 2016-07-21 11:59:24 Wang Chunying: Judging from transaction factors, the net external assets under the financial account under the balance of payments rose by USD 311.8 billion in 2014 and 2015 combined, bringing the balance of China's net external assets up by USD 311.8 billion too, rather than bringing it down. This could be explained by the increased outward investments by China, or the significant increase in the non-reserve external assets. In the two years, China registered a net increase of more than USD 800 billion in outward investments. On the other hand, due to the changes in exchange rates and interest rates both at home and abroad, domestic players have voluntarily adjusted their asset and liabilities structures and serviced external debt, and non-residents also reduced their domestic deposits, thus bringing down China's external debt. 2016-07-21 12:03:39 Wang Chunying: In terms of non-transaction factors, the loss in valuation arising from the adjustment of statistical method and the changes in prices and exchange rates has been the major cause of the decrease in China's net external assets in recent years. First, the adjustment of statistical method led to an increase of nearly USD 300 billion in China's external equity and liabilities in the past two years. For example, an enterprise issued 10 shares in its IPO at RMB 1 per share, which were bought up by non-residents. In this way, China owed a total of RMB 10 to non-residents at RMB 1 per share. Two years later, the enterprise and non-residents did not make any deals, and the non-residents still held these shares, but the unit price rose to RMB 3 per share, which means China owed a total of RMB 30 to non-residents, representing an increase of RMB 20 in debt due to the valuation factor, thus bringing down China's net external assets. Likewise, with market capitalization replacing historical costs to measure China's external equity and debt, China's external equity and debt as at the end of 2015 rose by nearly USD 300 billion from the end of 2013, and its net external assets dropped by nearly USD 300 billion. 2016-07-21 12:07:35 Wang Chunying: Second, changes in asset prices and exchange rates led to the changes in external asset valuation. In 2014 and 2015, China's external assets fell by USD 396.9 billion due to the changes in asset prices and foreign exchange rates But China was not extraordinary. Our observations of Japan and Germany, who ranked No. 2 and 3 by net external assets, show that similar changes in valuation had taken place in the two countries. For example, at the end of 2015, Japan's net external assets fell by nearly USD 500 billion, and Germany, more than USD 200 billion, due to the valuation factor. After the adjustment of incomparable factors such as historical valuation and improvement of data sources, the change in valuation as a percentage of net assets was similar in China, Japan and Germany. 2016-07-21 12:26:44 Wang Chunying: Since such changes in valuation reflect the changes in the carrying value at different points of time, and do not represent actual losses, the increase or decrease in net assets arising from changes in exchange rates and asset prices should be looked at rationally. Last but not least, we also should be sensible about the size of China's net claims. On the one hand, the size of net external claims should be appropriate, which should be analyzed in combination with the return on investment and the domestic demand for capital. On the other hand, it would be economical and reasonable if foreign investments are attracted and overseas low-cost financing is rationally used. Many developed economies including the US are net debtors who attract massive investments to develop their economies. Therefore, we should be sensible about this issue. 2016-07-21 12:31:48 Moderator Xi Yanchun: As time is running short, I have to end today’s conference here. Please allow me to thank Ms. Wang for her professional and detailed explanations, and thank you all. 2016-07-21 12:39:27 (The original text is available at china.com.cn) 2016-11-08/en/2016/1108/1214.html
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The State Administration of Foreign Exchange (SAFE) recently disseminated the official data on the balance of payments (BOP) for the first quarter of 2016. The press spokesperson of the SAFE answered media questions on relevant issues. Q: The data recently disseminated by the SAFE show that the surplus in the current account plunged in the first quarter of 2016 on a year-on-year basis. What are the main reasons behind? What are the outlooks for the current account? A: The current account registered a surplus of USD 39.3 billion in the first quarter of 2016, down by 54% year on year (same below) for the reasons as follows: First, the surplus in trade in goods fell. Trade in goods in the balance of payments registered a surplus of USD 103.9 billion in the first quarter, down by 11%. Dragged by sluggish demand in global markets, exports dropped by 12%, versus growth of 0.3% in the same period last year, while imports fell by 12%, lower than 16% in the same period last year, thanks to the stable domestic economy and pick-up of commodity prices, which, coupled with a high export base, resulted in a lower surplus in trade in goods. Second, the deficit in trade in services grew. Trade in services registered a deficit of USD 57.6 billion in the first quarter, up by 47%. The major component of the deficit was the deficit in travel, which hit USD 55.4 billion, up by 33%. This shows that, driven by China's enhancing economic strength and its people's increasing income, people's actual power for overseas purchasing has been strengthened and their demand for traveling, studying and seeking medical help abroad is enhancing. It is expected that the current account will remain in surplus in the near future, with its ratio to GDP still at an international rational level. First, trade in goods will remain in surplus. The slow recovery of the global economy has been favorable for stabilizing China's external demand, with its exports recovering in March-May, but as global commodity prices remain low, and China's domestic demand stays stable, its imports will continue to be greatly lower than exports. Second, trade in services and other accounts will remain in deficit. Overall, the current account led by trade in goods will continue to register a surplus, and its ratio to GDP is expected to be consistent with the level for recent years. Q: The data recently disseminated by the SAFE show that the non-reserve financial account remained in deficit in the first quarter of 2016. What would you say about this? What are your perspectives into the future BOP status? A: The deficit in the non-reserve financial account (excluding reserve assets, same below) shows domestic players have made heavier outbound investment and reduced their external debt. In the first quarter of 2016, the financial account recorded a deficit of USD 123.3 billion, up by 9% year on year and down by 26% quarter on quarter. On the one hand, domestic players participated in international economic activities more actively but were more sensible than in the fourth quarter of 2015. External assets for the first quarter rose by USD 109.8 billion, which was up by 35% year on year or down by 3% quarter on quarter. Those in direct investment and other investment went up by USD 57.4 billion and USD 28.7 billion respectively, which was up by 77% and 26% year on year, or down by 13% and 6% quarter on quarter. On the other hand, Chinese companies' external debt fell further, but they were slow in deleveraging. The external debt for the first quarter dropped by USD 13.5 billion, which was down by 57% year on year or 75% quarter on quarter. Net outflows under other external debt for investment amounted to USD 38.5 billion, down by 67% year on year and quarter on quarter respectively. But overseas capital under direct investment recorded heavy net inflows, showing overseas long-term capital remains confident in China. The pressure on China from cross-border capital outflows has been relieved recently. The deficit in banks' settlement and sales of foreign exchange dropped by 35% and 47% in April and May on a quarter-on-quarter basis. The deficit in banks' foreign-related receipts and payments for customers was down by 66% quarter on quarter in April, but banks' foreign exchange receipts and payments for customers turned around in May. The balance of foreign exchange reserves fell by a monthly average of USD 10.4 billion in April and May, much lower than the monthly average decrease of USD 39.3 billion in the first quarter. China's BOP is expected to find a basic level of equilibrium in 2016, with continued surpluses in the current account and deficits in the capital and financial account. On the one hand, driven by policies and measures for economic restructuring, production capacity adjustment and industry upgrading, China's economy will sustain a mid-to-high growth rate, the current account led by trade in goods will remain in surplus, foreign exchange reserves will continue to be adequate, and its capability against the impact from cross-border capital flows will be strong, which will make China attractive to long-term foreign investment. On the other hand, under the new normal of economic transformation and upgrading, domestic players will raise their awareness of participation in international economic development, which will drive them to make rational arrangements for cross-border investment and financing based on domestic and overseas situations and their development needs. Under such circumstances, China's BOP is expected to find a basic level of equilibrium as its cross-border capital will display a pattern of alternation of inflows and outflows and bidirectional fluctuations. 2016-08-30/en/2016/0830/1208.html
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The State Administration of Foreign Exchange (SAFE) recently published the statistics on banks' foreign exchange settlement and sales, and their foreign-related receipts and payments for customers for May 2016. A press spokesperson for the SAFE answered media questions on the recent cross-border capital flows. Q: The pressure on China from cross-border capital outflows has been eased since the beginning of this year. What is the case for May? A: China witnessed further balanced foreign exchange supply and demand in May. First, the deficit in banks' foreign exchange settlement and sales continued to shrink. In May 2016, the deficit hit USD 12.5 billion, down by 47% month-on-month, and the daily average deficit declined for the fifth consecutive month. The deficit was USD 54.4 billion, 33.9 billion, 36.4 billion and 23.7 billion in the four months from January to April respectively. Second, the deficit in foreign-related receipts and payments of the non-banking sectors expanded but the foreign exchange receipts and payments turned around from deficits. In May, the deficit was USD 23.5 billion, compared with USD 55.8 billion, USD 30.5 billion, USD 26.1 billion and USD 8.9 billion respectively from January to April. But foreign exchange receipts and payments of the non-banking sectors posted a slight surplus of USD 200 million in May, versus the deficit of USD 20.1 billion, USD 10.5 billion, USD 5.9 billion and USD 2 billion respectively from January to April. Chinese market players continued to steadily adjust their foreign-related receipt and payment behaviors. First, their desire to purchase foreign exchange was further weakened, and some channels' foreign exchange financing rose remarkably. In May, the foreign exchange sales rate that measures the motive to buy foreign exchange, or the foreign exchange purchased by customer from banks as a percentage of their foreign-related foreign exchange payments, was 73%, 2 percentage points lower than that of April. Meanwhile, the balance of import financing such as refinancing and forward L/C rose by USD 300 million, of which, the balance of foreign exchange financing climbed by USD 7.4 billion, 113% higher than that of April. This was the third consecutive month the balance had picked up, suggesting slow deleveraging of external debt of enterprises. Second, market players' desire to settle foreign exchange continued to rise and domestic foreign exchange deposits dropped. In May, the foreign exchange settlement rate that measures the desire to settle foreign exchange, or the foreign exchange sold by customers to banks as a percentage of their foreign-related foreign exchange income, was 67%, 4 percentage points higher than that of April. Meanwhile, the balance of foreign exchange deposits contracted by USD 8.8 billion, compared with an increase of USD 900 million in April. All these show companies' and individuals' desire to hold foreign exchange was weakened. Since the beginning of this year, the pressure on China from cross-border capital outflows has been eased gradually, which further reflects China's economic fundamentals. This also indicates that China's overall economic operation that is within expectation, its further optimized economic structure and mid and high economic growth will provide a solid foundation for China's cross-border capital flows to sustain mid and long-term stability. 2016-08-30/en/2016/0830/1207.html
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The State Administration of Foreign Exchange (SAFE) has recently disseminated the data on banks' sales and settlements of foreign exchange and on foreign-related receipts and payments via banks for their customers for August 2016. The SAFE press spokesperson answered media questions on recent cross-border capital flows. Q: What new changes were there to the cross-border capital flows for August? A: The pressure on China from cross-border capital outflows was relieved in August. First, a narrower deficit was recorded under banks' sales and settlements of foreign exchange. The deficit was USD 9.5 billion for the month, down by 70% month-on-month and the lowest monthly level since July 2015. Second, a lower deficit was registered under the non-banking sector's foreign-related receipts and payments. The deficit was USD 8 billion for the month, down by 75% month-on-month. In particular, the balance of foreign exchange receipts and payments turned from a deficit of USD 1.3 billion in July to a surplus of USD 19.7 billion in the month. A deficit of USD 27.7 billion was posted under the RMB receipts and payments, down by 10% month-on-month. The factors that boost supply and demand towards an equilibrium continued to play an active role. First, the willingness of market players to settle foreign exchange was being stabilized, with the share of foreign exchange sales dropping further. In the month, the ratio of bank customers' sales of foreign exchange to the foreign-related foreign exchange receipts was 59.2%, up by 0.9 percentage point from July; the ratio of bank customers' purchases of foreign exchange to the foreign-related foreign exchange payments was 67.4%, down by 1.3 percentage points from July. Second, cross-border foreign exchange financing through some channels continued to pick up. As at the end of August, the balance of cross-border financing for imports such as refinancing and forward L/C jumped by USD 7.9 billion from the end of July, marking the 6th consecutive month of growth. Also in the month, a net inflow of USD 6.1 billion was registered under enterprises' cross-border foreign exchange loans, remarkably higher than the net monthly average inflow of USD 700 million from May to July. Third, seasonal demand for purchasing foreign exchange like ROI waned. In history, June and July were the peak months for outward remittances of profits by foreign-funded enterprises and for distribution of bonuses and dividends by overseas listed companies, followed by downturns. In August, foreign exchange purchases under ROI fell by 31% month-on-month. In addition, August remained the month witnessing strong purchases of foreign exchange under overseas travel and study, but the foreign exchange purchases under travel dropped by 3% month-on-month or 16% year-on-year in the month, which suggests that a large part of individuals' demand for foreign exchange purchases was unleashed in the early phase, and that individuals are sensible in purchasing foreign exchange at present. Overall, China's economy operates smoothly, the RMB exchange rate against the USD is fluctuating bi-directionally, and market sentiment is stable now, which is favorable for a stronger equilibrium between supply and demand of foreign exchange. 2016-09-19/en/2016/0919/1211.html
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Q: What would you say about the changes to the data on China's external debt as at the end of March? A: Overall, China's external debt has dropped more slowly and its solvency risk is within control. First, the decrease in outstanding external debt has slowed down significantly. As at the end of March 2016, China's outstanding full-scale external debt was equivalent to USD 1.3645 trillion, down by USD 51.7 billion or 3.6% from the end of 2015, or by 3.8 percentage points quarter on quarter. Second, the term structure of external debt has been further optimized. As at the end of March 2016, short-term outstanding external debt was down by 8% from the end of 2015, while that of mid- and long-term external debt was up by 4% from the end of 2015. Third, the decrease in external debt is closely related to the declines in foreign trade. China registered RMB 5.2 trillion in trade value under trade in goods in the first quarter of 2016, down by 5.9% year on year. Accordingly, the balance of trade credit and prepayments dropped as at the end of March, contributing 66% to the total decrease in external debt. Last but not least, as China's economic restructuring deepens, some companies' external debt such as inter-company loans has bottomed out after preliminary debt deleveraging. As at the end of March 2016, the outstanding inter-company loans rose by USD 14.9 billion or 7% from the end of 2015. Further facilitation will be provided for cross-border financing by financial institutions and companies. According to the Circular on Rolling out Nationwide Macro-prudential Management of Full-scale Cross-border Financing (Yinfa No. 132 [2016]), the pilot program for macro-prudential management of full-scale cross-border financing in domestic and foreign currencies will be rolled out to financial institutions and companies across the country starting from May 3, 2016. From then on, the People's Bank of China and the State Administration of Foreign Exchange (SAFE) will not conduct ex-ante approval for external debt to be owed by financial institutions and companies, and these institutions and companies will be allowed to make cross-border financing in domestic and foreign currencies independently within the upper limit that is linked with their capital or net assets. China's external debt is expected to be stabilized. Given the changes to the external debt data, it is expected that China's external debt will be stabilized as the macro-prudential management policy for full-scale cross-border financing is implemented. Next, the SAFE will continue to build and improve the external debt and capital flow management system under the macro-prudential management framework, and enhance ongoing and ex-ante monitoring and analysis to guard against the risks arising from unusual cross-border capital flows. 2016-08-31/en/2016/0831/1209.html
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Recently，the State Administration of Foreign Exchange (SAFE) has released the external financial assets and liabilities data of China's banking industry (excluding the central bank, the "banking industry") for the first time. Statistics show that China's banking industry recorded external financial assets of USD 721.6 billion, external liabilities of USD 943.7 billion, and net external liabilities of USD 222.1 billion including net RMB external liabilities of USD 378.3 billion and net foreign currency assets of USD 156.2 billion as at the end of December 2015. Of the external financial assets of the banking industry, deposits and loans were USD 574.7 billion, bonds investment, USD 48.4 billion, and other assets including equity, USD 98.5 billion, accounting for 80%, 7% and 14% of the industry's total external financial assets respectively. By currency, RMB assets were USD 57.9 billion, USD assets, USD 528.5 billion, and other currency assets, USD 135.2 billion, accounting for 8%, 73% and 19% respectively. Of the banking industry's external liabilities, deposits and loans were USD 485.8 billion, bonds investment, USD 137.5 billion, and other liabilities including equity, USD 320.4 billion, accounting for 51%, 15% and 34% of the industry's external liabilities respectively. By currency, RMB liabilities were USD 436.2 billion, USD liabilities, USD 229.8 billion, and other currency liabilities, USD 277.7 billion, accounting for 46%, 24% and 29% respectively. At the end of 2015, the SAFE wrote to the Bank for International Settlements (BIS), confirming its official participation in the International Banking Statistics (IBS), which is part of the G20 Data Gaps Initiative. The compiling principle of the IBS is consistent with the sixth edition of the Balance of Payments and International Investment Position Manual (BPM6) published by the IMF. The external financial assets and liabilities data of China's banking industry, compiled in line with IBS, will be released by the SAFE on a quarterly basis. Publishing the data helps to reflect the foreign-related business operations of China's banking industry, and the global allocation of their assets and liabilities, which are significant for further enhancing statistical data transparency and monitoring cross-border capital flows and stocks of assets and liabilities. 2016-08-30/en/2016/0830/1205.html
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Q: Foreign media recently reported that Terex terminated the acquisition negotiation with Zoomlion because "the SAFE didn't allow Zoomlion to raise funds for closing the deal". Is this true? A: We also have noted relevant reports. Zoomlion has given explanations why the negotiation with Terex was terminated. There are no policy barriers to the deal because of foreign exchange administration, so the reports are not true to the fact. China has increased its ODI in recent years, showing China's dramatically strengthened overall strengths and enterprises' requirements for optimizing global allocation of their assets. The SAFE has been committed to promoting administration streamlining and power delegation, supporting qualified and competent companies to go global, and improving companies' capabilities in international operation, while enhancing ongoing and ex-post monitoring and management, and cracking down on false ODIs to boost the healthy and orderly development of ODIs. 2016-08-30/en/2016/0830/1206.html