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As shown in the statistics of the State Administration of Foreign Exchange (SAFE), in January 2021, the amount of foreign exchange settlement and sales by banks was RMB 1292.3 billion and RMB 1027.9 billion, respectively, with a surplus of RMB 264.4 billion. In the US dollar terms, the amount of foreign exchange settlement and sales by banks was USD 199.5 billion and USD 158.7 billion, respectively, with a surplus of USD 40.8 billion. In January 2021, the amount of cross-border receipts and payments by non-banking sectors was RMB 3195.2 billion and RMB 2878.9 billion, respectively, with a surplus of RMB 316.3 billion. In the US dollar terms, in January 2021, the amount of cross-border receipts and payments by non-banking sectors was USD 493.3 billion and USD 444.5 billion, respectively, with a surplus of USD 48.8 billion. Addendum: Glossary and relevant definitions Balance of payments (BOP) refers to all economic transactions between residents and non-residents. Foreign exchange settlement and sales by banks refers to settlement and sale transaction that bank executes for customers and for the banks themselves, including statistic data on settlements of forward contracts for foreign exchange settlement and sales and the exercises of option, and excluding the transactions in the interbank foreign exchange market. The statistic reporting date of foreign exchange settlement and sales by banks should be the trade day of the foreign exchange settlement and sales transaction. By definition, foreign exchange settlement means foreign exchange holders sell foreign exchange to designated foreign exchange bank, and foreign exchange sales means designated bank sells foreign exchange to foreign exchange buyers. The newly signed contract amount of forward foreign exchange settlement and sales refers to the binding forward contract between designated foreign exchange bank and client that predetermines foreign exchange currency, amount, exchange rate and tenor which to be executed upon maturity. The unwind amount of forward foreign exchange settlement and sales refers to, where client is unable to perform the original forward contract due to change in its real demand, client to fully or partially close its forward position by executing another deal with opposite direction to the original contract. The rolling amount of forward foreign exchange settlement and sales refers to client to adjust the settlement date of original contract due to change in its real demand. The outstanding amount of forward foreign exchange settlement and sales by the end of the current period refers to the total amount of forward contracts accumulated from all non-matured forward contracts with client. The net Delta exposure of outstanding options refers to the implied foreign exchange spot risk exposure from outstanding option contracts that bank executed with client. The cross-border receipts and payments by non-banking sectors refers to the receipts and payments between domestic non-banking sectors (including institutional and individual residents) and non-residents through domestic banks, excluding receipts and payments in cash. In particular, the statistics includes cross-border receipts and payments between non-banking sectors and non-residents through domestic banks (including RMB and foreign currency), and domestic receipts and payments between non-banking sectors and non-residents through domestic banks (temporarily excluding domestic receipts and payments in RMB between individual residents and non-resident individuals). Data are collected when customers conduct receipts and payments with non-resident counterparties at domestic banks. Specifically, the receipts refer to the capital of non-banking sectors received from non-residents via domestic banks; the payments refer to the capital of non-banking sectors paid to non-residents via domestic banks. 2021-02-20/en/2021/0220/1801.html
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官方储备资产 Official reserve assets html xlsx pdf 2022-01-07/en/2021/0203/1798.html
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Q: The State Administration of Foreign Exchange (SAFE) has just released the latest data on China's foreign exchange reserves. Could you explain the causes of changes in foreign exchange reserves for January 2021? What would you say about the future trends? A: By the end of January 2021, China's foreign exchange reserves recorded US$3.2107 trillion, down by US$5.9 billion or 0.2% month on month. In January 2021, China’s foreign exchange market operated steadily, with market expectations and transactions remaining stable. On global financial markets, due to the progress of the COVID-19 vaccine as well as monetary and fiscal policy expectations of major countries, the US Dollar Index increased, while the financial asset prices of major countries fell. As China’s foreign exchange reserves are denominated in the US dollar, non-US dollar currencies declined in value after being converted into the US dollars, which, coupled with the changes in asset prices, led to the contraction of foreign exchange reserves in the month. Looking ahead, given the uncertainties in the COVID-19 pandemic and the external environment, the foundation for global economic recovery remains weak, and global financial markets may become more volatile. However, China’s economic fundamentals sustaining good long-term prospects remain unchanged, and the balance of payments will maintain a basic equilibrium, which is favorable for the general stability of China’s foreign exchange reserves. 2021-02-07/en/2021/0207/1803.html
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To promote the sustainable development of the foreign exchange market, the State Administration of Foreign Exchange (SAFE) has recently released the Circular of the State Administration of Foreign Exchange on Amending the Guidelines for Interbank Foreign Exchange Market Makers (Huifa No.1 [2021], hereinafter referred to as the Guidelines), further improving the interbank foreign exchange market maker system. The following amendments are made to the Guidelines: first, optimizing the structure of market makers to give full play to the advantages of integrated market makers, and stopping dividing market makers by products. Second, streamlining administrative approvals and delegating the power of access and exit administration of trial market makers to China Foreign Exchange Trade System (CFETS) to diversify market quoting institutions. Third, regulating market making behaviors and guiding market markers to reduce their reliance on trading volumes and focus on the improvement of quoting quality and the provision of liquidity. Fourth, defining the legal obligations of market makers to raise their awareness of lawfully engaging in market making business and serving the real economy. The SAFE will continue to follow the decisions and arrangements made by the CPC Central Committee and the State Council and deepen foreign exchange market reforms to better serve the real economy and support the two-way opening-up of financial markets. (END) 2021-01-08/en/2021/0108/1794.html
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In the fourth quarter of 2021, China's current account registered a surplus of RMB 757.4 billion, and the capital and financial accounts recorded a deficit of RMB 205.8 billion. The financial account (excluding reserve assets) recorded a surplus of RMB 65 billion, and reserve assets increased by RMB 270.8 billion. In 2021, China's current account registered a surplus of RMB 2044.5 billion, and the capital and financial accounts recorded a deficit of RMB 973.2 billion. The financial account (excluding reserve assets) recorded a surplus of RMB 241.7 billion, and reserve assets increased by RMB 1215.4 billion. In the US dollar terms, in the fourth quarter, China's current account recorded a surplus of USD 118.4 billion, including a surplus of USD 182.8 billion under trade in goods, a deficit of USD 15.2 billion under trade in services, a deficit of USD 55.5 billion under primary income and a surplus of USD 6.2 billion under secondary income. The capital and financial accounts registered a deficit of USD 32.1 billion, including a deficit of USD 5 million under the capital account, and a surplus of USD 10.1 billion under the financial account (excluding reserve assets), and reserve assets increased by USD 42.2 billion. In the US dollar terms, in 2021, China's current account recorded a surplus of USD 317.3 billion, including a surplus of USD 562.7 billion under trade in goods, a deficit of USD 99.9 billion under trade in services, a deficit of USD 162 billion under primary income and a surplus of USD 16.5 billion under secondary income. The capital and financial accounts recorded a deficit of USD 149.9 billion, including a surplus of USD 92 million under the capital account, a surplus of USD 38.2 billion under the financial account (excluding reserve assets), and reserve assets increased by USD188.2billion. In SDR terms, in the fourth quarter, China posted a surplus of SDR 84.2 billion under the current account, and a deficit of SDR 22.7 billion under the capital and financial accounts. The financial account (excluding reserve assets) registered a surplus of SDR 7.2 billion, and reserve assets increased by SDR 29.9 billion. In SDR terms, in 2021, China posted a surplus of SDR 223.1 billion under the current account, and a deficit of SDR 105.4 billion under the capital and financial accounts. The financial account (excluding reserve assets) registered a surplus of SDR 26.6 billion, and reserve assets increased by SDR 132 billion. The SAFE has revised the BOP data for each quarter since 2020, according to the latest data, and released 1950-1981 annual BOP data in the US dollar terms, both can be found in the section of "Data and Statistics" at the official website of the SAFE. In addition, in order to facilitate understanding of the data of Balance of Payments and International Investment Position among all data users, the BOP Analysis Team of the SAFE released China's Balance of Payments Report 2021. (End) AbridgedBalance of Payments, Q4 2021 Item Line No. RMB 100 million USD 100 million SDR 100 million 1. Current Account 1 7,574 1,184 842 Credit 2 69,734 10,907 7,766 Debit 3 -62,160 -9,723 -6,924 1. A Goods and Services 4 10,719 1,676 1,193 Credit 5 65,707 10,277 7,318 Debit 6 -54,987 -8,601 -6,125 1.A.a Goods 7 11,690 1,828 1,301 Credit 8 59,153 9,252 6,587 Debit 9 -47,463 -7,424 -5,286 1.A.b Services 10 -971 -152 -108 Credit 11 6,554 1,025 730 Debit 12 -7,525 -1,177 -839 1.B Primary Income 13 -3,543 -555 -395 Credit 14 3,084 482 343 Debit 15 -6,627 -1,036 -738 1.C Secondary Income 16 398 62 44 Credit 17 944 148 105 Debit 18 -546 -85 -61 2. Capital and Financial Account 19 -2,058 -321 -227 2.1 Capital Account 20 0 0 0 Credit 21 3 0 0 Debit 22 -4 -1 0 2.2 Financial Account 23 -2,058 -321 -227 Assets 24 -11,588 -1,812 -1,289 Liabilities 25 9,530 1,491 1,062 2.2.1 Financial Account Excluding Reserve Assets 26 650 101 72 2.2.1.1 Direct Investment 27 2,964 463 330 Assets 28 -2,603 -408 -291 Liabilities 29 5,566 871 621 2.2.1.2 Portfolio Investment 30 2,341 366 261 Assets 31 -1,619 -254 -181 Liabilities 32 3,959 620 442 2.2.1.3 Financial Derivatives (other than reserves) and Employee Stock Options 33 284 44 32 Assets 34 376 59 42 Liabilities 35 -92 -14 -10 2.2.1.4 Other Investment 36 -4,938 -772 -550 Assets 37 -5,035 -787 -560 Liabilities 38 97 15 10 2.2.2 Reserve Assets 39 -2,708 -422 -299 3. Net Errors and Omissions 40 -5,516 -863 -615 Notes: 1. The statement is compiled according to BPM6. Reserve assets are included in capital and financial accounts. 2. "Credit" is presented as positive value while "debit" as negative value, and the difference is the sum of the "Credit" and the "Debit". All items herein refer to difference, unless marked with "Credit" or "Debit". 3. The RMB denominated quarterly BOP data is converted from the USD denominated BOP data for the quarter using the period average central parity rate of RMB against USD. The quarterly accumulated RMB denominated BOP data is derived from the sum total of the RMB denominated data for the quarters. 4. The SDR denominated quarterly BOP data is converted from the USD denominated BOP data for the quarter using the period average rate of SDR against USD. The quarterly accumulated SDR denominated BOP data is derived from the sum total of the SDR denominated data for the quarters. 5. This statement employs rounded-off numbers. 6. For detailed data, please see the section of “Data and Statistics” at the website of the SAFE. 7. The BOP data is revised regularly; please find the latest data in “Data and Statistics”. Abridged Balance of Payments, 2021 Item Line No. RMB 100 million USD 100 million SDR 100 million 1. Current Account 1 20,445 3,173 2,231 Credit 2 250,060 38,780 27,248 Debit 3 -229,616 -35,607 -25,017 1. A Goods and Services 4 29,810 4,628 3,255 Credit 5 229,166 35,543 24,979 Debit 6 -199,355 -30,915 -21,724 1.A.a Goods 7 36,261 5,627 3,956 Credit 8 207,348 32,159 22,599 Debit 9 -171,087 -26,531 -18,644 1.A.b Services 10 -6,451 -999 -701 Credit 11 21,817 3,384 2,380 Debit 12 -28,268 -4,384 -3,080 1.B Primary Income 13 -10,430 -1,620 -1,140 Credit 14 17,724 2,745 1,924 Debit 15 -28,154 -4,365 -3,064 1.C Secondary Income 16 1,064 165 116 Credit 17 3,171 492 346 Debit 18 -2,107 -327 -230 2. Capital and Financial Account 19 -9,732 -1,499 -1,054 2.1 Capital Account 20 6 1 1 Credit 21 17 3 2 Debit 22 -11 -2 -1 2.2 Financial Account 23 -9,738 -1,500 -1,055 Assets 24 -52,405 -8,116 -5,690 Liabilities 25 42,667 6,616 4,635 2.2.1 Financial Account Excluding Reserve Assets 26 2,417 382 266 2.2.1.1 Direct Investment 27 13,296 2,059 1,445 Assets 28 -8,247 -1,280 -901 Liabilities 29 21,543 3,340 2,346 2.2.1.2 Portfolio Investment 30 3,242 510 361 Assets 31 -8,129 -1,259 -881 Liabilities 32 11,371 1,769 1,241 2.2.1.3 Financial Derivatives (other than reserves) and Employee Stock Options 33 715 111 78 Assets 34 1,153 179 126 Liabilities 35 -438 -68 -48 2.2.1.4 Other Investment 36 -14,837 -2,298 -1,617 Assets 37 -25,028 -3,873 -2,713 Liabilities 38 10,191 1,576 1,096 2.2.2 Reserve Assets 39 -12,154 -1,882 -1,320 3. Net Errors and Omissions 40 -10,713 -1,674 -1,177 Notes: 1. The statement is compiled according to BPM6. Reserve assets are included in capital and financial accounts. 2. "Credit" is presented as positive value while "debit" as negative value, and the difference is the sum of the "Credit" and the "Debit". All items herein refer to difference, unless marked with "Credit" or "Debit". 3. The RMB denominated quarterly BOP data is converted from the USD denominated BOP data for the quarter using the period average central parity rate of RMB against USD. The quarterly accumulated RMB denominated BOP data is derived from the sum total of the RMB denominated data for the quarters. 4. The SDR denominated quarterly BOP data is converted from the USD denominated BOP data for the quarter using the period average rate of SDR against USD. The quarterly accumulated SDR denominated BOP data is derived from the sum total of the SDR denominated data for the quarters. 5. This statement employs rounded-off numbers. 6. For detailed data, please see the section of “Data and Statistics” at the website of the SAFE. 7. The BOP data is revised regularly; please find the latest data in “Data and Statistics”. 2022-03-25/en/2022/0325/1943.html
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As at the end of 2021, China recorded RMB 17.5112 trillion in outstanding external debt denominated in both domestic and foreign currencies (equivalent to USD 2746.6 billion,excluding those of Hong Kong SAR,Macao SAR, and Taiwan Province of China, the same below). In terms of maturity structure, the outstanding medium-and long-term external debt was RMB 8290.5 billion (equivalent to USD 1300.4 billion), accounting for 47 percent; while the outstanding short-term external debt was RMB 9220.7 billion (equivalent to USD 1446.2 billion), taking up 53 percent,of which 39 percent was trade-related credit. In terms of institutional sectors, the outstanding debt of general government totaled RMB 3168.6 billion (equivalent to USD 497 billion), accounting for 18 percent;the outstanding debt of the central bank totaled RMB 502.9 billion(equivalent to USD 78.9 billion), accounting for 3 percent;the outstanding debt of banks totaled RMB 7586.9 billion (equivalent to USD 1190 billion), accounting for 43 percent;the outstanding debt of other sectors (including inter-company lending under direct investments) totaled RMB 6252.8 billion (equivalent to USD 980.7 billion), accounting for 36 percent. In terms of debt instruments, the balance of loans was RMB 2807.6 billion (equivalent to USD 440.4 billion), accounting for 16 percent;the outstanding trade credits and advances was RMB 2584.1 billion (equivalent to USD 405.3 billion), accounting for 15 percent;the outstanding currency and deposits was RMB 3765.3 billion (equivalent to USD 590.6 billion), accounting for 22 percent;the outstanding debt securities was RMB 5645.3 billion (equivalent to USD 885.4 billion), accounting for 32 percent;the Special Drawing Rights (SDR) allocation amounted to RMB 323.1 billion (equivalent to USD 50.7 billion), accounting for 2 percent; the balance of inter-company lending under direct investments totaled RMB 1960.1 billion (equivalent to USD 307.4 billion),accounting for 11 percent;and the balance of other debt liabilities was RMB 425.7 billion (equivalent to USD 66.8 billion), accounting for 2 percent. With respect to currency structures, the outstanding external debt in domestic currency totaled RMB 7885 billion (equivalent to USD 1236.7billion), accounting for 45 percent;the outstanding external debt in foreign currencies (including SDR allocation) totaled RMB 9626.2 billion (equivalent to USD 1509.9 billion), accounting for 55 percent. In the outstanding registered external debt in foreign currencies, the USD debt accounted for 84 percent, the Euro debt accounted for 7 percent, the HKD debt accounted for 3 percent, the JPY debt accounted for 1 percent, the SDR and other foreign currency-denominated external debt accounted for 5 percent. As at the end of 2021，the liability ratio was 15.5 percent, the debt ratio was 77.3 percent, the debt servicing ratio was 5.9 percent, and the ratio of short-term external debt to foreign exchange reserves was 44.5 percent. China’s major external debt indicators were all within the internationally recognized thresholds,indicating that the external debt risk is controllable. Appendix Definition of terms and interpretations External debt classification by maturity structure. There are two methods to classify the external debt by maturity structure. One is on the basis of the contractual maturity, i.e. it is classified as medium- and long-term external debt if the contractual maturity is over one year, and classified as short-term external debt if the contractual maturity is one year or less;the other is on the basis of the remaining maturity, i.e., on the basis of the contractual maturity classification method above, the medium- and long-term external debt due within one year is classified as short-term external debt. In this news release, external debt is divided into medium- and long-term external debt and short-term external debt based on the contractual maturity. Trade-related credit is a broad concept. In addition to trade credit and advances, it also involves other kinds of credit provided for trade activities. According to its definition,trade-related credit includes trade credit and advances, bank trade financing, trade related bills, and so forth. In particular, trade credit and advances refer to external liability arising from directly extending credit between the seller and buyer of goods transactions,specifically transactions between residents in the Chinese Mainland and overseas non-residents (including non-residents in Hong Kong SAR, Macao SAR,and Taiwan Province of China), i.e., the debt incurred due to the difference between the time of payment and the time of the goods ownership transfer, which include credit directly provided by the supplier (e.g., the overseas exporter)for goods and services, and prepayments made by buyers (e.g., overseas importers) for goods, services, and work that is in progress (or work to be undertaken). Bank trade financing refers to trade related loans that offered by a third party (e.g., banks) to exporters or importers, for instance, loans extended by foreign financial institutions or export credit agencies to buyers. Liability ratio refers to the ratio of outstanding external debt as of the end of the year to the GDP for the year. Debt ratio refers to the ratio of the outstanding external debt as of the end of the year to the export revenue from trade in goods and services for the year. Debt servicing ratio refers to the ratio of the repayment of the principal and payment of interest on external debt for the year (the sum of the repayment of the principal and payment of interest on medium- and long-term external debt and the payment of the interest of short-term external debt) to the export revenue from trade in goods and services for the year. The internationally recognized thresholds for external debt risk indicators - liability ratio, debt ratio, debt servicing ratio and ratio of short-term external debt to foreign exchange reserves are 20 percent,100 percent, 20 percent and 100 percent respectively. Annexed table：China’s Gross External Debt Position by Sector, End of 2021 End of 2021 End of 2021 （Unit:100 million RMB） （Unit:100 million US dollars） General Government 31686 4970 Short-term 1256 197 Currency and deposits 0 0 Debt securities 1256 197 Loans 0 0 Trade credit and advances 0 0 Other debt liabilities 0 0 Long-term 30430 4773 Special drawing rights (allocations) 0 0 Currency and deposits 0 0 Debt securities 26851 4212 Loans 3579 561 Trade credit and advances 0 0 Other debt liabilities 0 0 Central Bank 5029 789 Short-term 1645 258 Currency and deposits 845 133 Debt securities 800 125 Loans 0 0 Trade credit and advances 0 0 Other debt liabilities 0 0 Long-term 3384 531 Special drawing rights (allocations) 3231 507 Currency and deposits 0 0 Debt securities 0 0 Loans 0 0 Trade credit and advances 0 0 Other debt liabilities 153 24 Other Depository Corporations 75869 11900 Short-term 54566 8559 Currency and deposits 36800 5772 Debt securities 3575 561 Loans 13765 2159 Trade credit and advances 0 0 Other debt liabilities 426 67 Long-term 21303 3341 Currency and deposits 0 0 Debt securities 17456 2738 Loans 3740 586 Trade credit and advances 0 0 Other debt liabilities 107 17 Other Sectors 42927 6733 Short-term 29694 4657 Currency and deposits 7 1 Debt securities 107 17 Loans 2983 468 Trade credit and advances 25389 3982 Other debt liabilities 1208 189 Long-term 13233 2076 Currency and deposits 0 0 Debt securities 6409 1005 Loans 4008 629 Trade credit and advances 452 71 Other debt liabilities 2364 371 Direct Investment: Intercompany Lending 19601 3074 Debt liabilities of direct investment enterprises to direct investors 11369 1783 Debt liabilities of direct investors to direct investment enterprises 1153 181 Debt liabilities to fellow enterprises 7079 1110 Gross External Debt Position 175112 27466 Notes: 1. The short-term and long-term herein are broken down by contractual (original) maturity. 2. The data in this table have been rounded off. 2022-03-25/en/2022/0325/1944.html
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As at the end of 2021, China’s external financial assets reached USD 9324.3 billion, external financial liabilities reached USD 7341.0 billion, and net external assets totaled USD 1983.3 billion. In the external financial assets, direct investment assets amounted to USD 2581.9 billion, portfolio investment assets, USD 979.7 billion, financial derivative assets, USD 15.4 billion, other investment assets, USD 2320.5 billion, and reserves assets, USD 3426.9 billion, accounting for 28 percent, 11 percent, 0.2 percent, 25 percent and 37 percent of external financial assets respectively. In external liabilities, direct investment liabilities were USD 3623.8 billion, portfolio investment liabilities, USD 2155.4 billion, financial derivative liabilities, USD 10.3 billion and other investment liabilities, USD 1551.6 billion, accounting for 49 percent, 29 percent, 0.1 percent and 21 percent of the external financial liabilities respectively. In SDR terms, China’s external financial assets and liabilities reached SDR 6662.2 billion and SDR 5245.1 billion respectively, and external net assets totaled SDR 1417.1 billion at the end of 2021. The SAFE has revised the IIP data for each quarter since 2020 according to the latest data and released it through the section of "Data and Statistics" at the official website of the SAFE. In addition, in order to facilitate understanding of the data of Balance of Payments and International Investment Position among all data users, the BOP Analysis Team of the SAFE released China's Balance of Payments Report 2021.(End) China's International Investment Position, End of 2021 Item Line No. Position in 100 million USD Position in 100 million SDR Net Position 1 19833 14171 Assets 2 93243 66622 1 Direct Investment 3 25819 18447 1.1 Equity and Investment Fund Shares 4 22341 15963 1.2 Debt Instruments 5 3477 2484 1.a Financial Sectors 6 3722 2659 1.1.a Equity and Investment Fund Shares 7 3570 2551 1.2.a Debt Instruments 8 152 108 1.b Non-financial Sectors 9 22097 15788 1.1.b Equity and Investment Fund Shares 10 18771 13412 1.2.b Debt Instruments 11 3325 2376 2 Portfolio Investment 12 9797 7000 2.1 Equity and Investment Fund Shares 13 6484 4633 2.2 Debt Securities 14 3313 2367 3 Financial Derivatives (other than reserves) and Employee Stock Options 15 154 110 4 Other Investment 16 23205 16580 4.1 Other Equity 17 95 68 4.2 Currency and Deposits 18 5489 3922 4.3 Loans 19 9628 6879 4.4 Insurance, Pension, and Standardized Guarantee Schemes 20 216 154 4.5 Trade Credit and Advances 21 6587 4706 4.6 Others 22 1191 851 5 Reserve Assets 23 34269 24485 5.1 Monetary Gold 24 1131 808 5.2 Special Drawing Rights 25 531 379 5.3 Reserve Position in the IMF 26 107 76 5.4 Foreign Exchange Reserves 27 32502 23222 5.5 Other Reserve Assets 28 -1 -1 Liabilities 29 73410 52451 1 Direct Investment 30 36238 25892 1.1 Equity and Investment Fund Shares 31 32992 23573 1.2 Debt Instruments 32 3246 2319 1.a Financial Sectors 33 2119 1514 1.1.a Equity and Investment Fund Shares 34 1839 1314 1.2.a Debt Instruments 35 281 201 1.b Non-financial Sectors 36 34118 24377 1.1.b Equity and Investment Fund Shares 37 31153 22259 1.2.b Debt Instruments 38 2965 2118 2 Portfolio Investment 39 21554 15400 2.1 Equity and Investment Fund Shares 40 13360 9546 2.2 Debt Securities 41 8194 5854 3 Financial Derivatives (other than reserves) and Employee Stock Options 42 103 73 4 Other Investment 43 15516 11086 4.1 Other Equity 44 0 0 4.2 Currency and Deposits 45 5971 4266 4.3 Loans 46 4447 3177 4.4 Insurance, Pension, and Standardized Guarantee Schemes 47 235 168 4.5 Trade Credit and Advances 48 4053 2896 4.6 Others 49 304 217 4.7 Special Drawing Rights 50 507 362 Notes:1. This table employs rounded-off numbers. 2. Net International Investment Position refers to assets minus liabilities. Positive figure refers to net assets, and negative figure refers to net liabilities. 3. The SDR denominated data is converted from the USD denominated data, using the exchange rate of SDR against USD at the end of the quarter. 4.The IIP data is revised regularly; please find the latest data in “Data and Statistics”. 2022-03-25/en/2022/0325/1942.html
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As shown in the statistics of the State Administration of Foreign Exchange (SAFE), in February 2022, the amount of foreign exchange settlement and sales by banks was RMB 1016.0 billion and RMB 989.4 billion, respectively, with a surplus of RMB 26.6 billion. During January to February 2022, the accumulative amount of foreign exchange settlement and sales by banks was RMB 2555.9 billion and RMB 2352.6 billion, respectively, with an accumulative surplus of RMB 203.3 billion. In the US dollar terms, in February 2022, the amount of foreign exchange settlement and sales by banks was USD 160.1 billion and USD 155.9 billion, respectively, with a surplus of USD 4.2 billion. During January to February 2022, the accumulative amount of foreign exchange settlement and sales by banks was USD 402.2 billion and USD 370.3 billion, respectively, with an accumulative surplus of USD 32.0 billion. In February 2022, the amount of cross-border receipts and payments by non-banking sectors was RMB 2618.7 billion and RMB 2659.8 billion, respectively, with a deficit of RMB 41.1 billion. During January to February 2022, the accumulative amount of cross-border receipts and payments by non-banking sectors was RMB 6343.8 billion and RMB 6013.7 billion, respectively, with an accumulative surplus of RMB 330.1 billion. In the US dollar terms, in February 2022, the amount of cross-border receipts and payments by non-banking sectors was USD 412.6 billion and USD 419.1 billion, respectively, with a deficit of USD 6.5 billion. During January to February 2022, the accumulative amount of cross-border receipts and payments by non-banking sectors was USD 998.4 billion and USD 946.5 billion, respectively, with an accumulative surplus of USD 51.9 billion. Addendum: Glossary and relevant definitions Balance of payments (BOP) refers to all economic transactions between residents and non-residents. Foreign exchange settlement and sales by banks refers to settlement and sale transaction that bank executes for customers and for the banks themselves, including statistic data on settlements of forward contracts for foreign exchange settlement and sales and the exercises of option, and excluding the transactions in the interbank foreign exchange market. The statistic reporting date of Foreign exchange settlement and sales by banks should be the trade day of the Foreign exchange settlement and sales transaction. By definition, foreign exchange settlement means that foreign exchange holders sell foreign exchange to banks, and foreign exchange sales means that banks sell foreign exchange to foreign exchange buyers. The newly signed contract amount of forward foreign exchange settlement and sales refers to the binding forward contract between a bank and its client that predetermines foreign exchange currency, amount, exchange rate and tenor which to be executed upon maturity. The unwind amount of forward foreign exchange settlement and sales refers to, where client is unable to perform the original forward contract due to change in its real demand, client to fully or partially close its forward position by executing another deal with opposite direction to the original contract. The rolling amount of forward foreign exchange settlement and sales refers to client to adjust the settlement date of original contract due to change in its real demand. The outstanding amount of forward foreign exchange settlement and sales by the end of the current period refers to the total amount of forward contracts accumulated from all non-matured forward contracts with client. The net Delta exposure of outstanding options refers to the implied foreign exchange spot risk exposure from outstanding option contracts that bank executed with client. The cross-border receipts and payments by non-banking sectors refers to the receipts and payments between domestic non-banking sectors (including institutional and individual residents) and non-residents through domestic banks, excluding receipts and payments in cash. In particular, the statistics includes cross-border receipts and payments between non-banking sectors and non-residents through domestic banks (including RMB and foreign currency), and domestic receipts and payments between non-banking sectors and non-residents through domestic banks (temporarily excluding domestic receipts and payments in RMB between individual residents and non-resident individuals). Data are collected when customers conduct receipts and payments with non-resident counterparties at domestic banks. Specifically, the receipts refer to the capital of non-banking sectors received from non-residents via domestic banks; the payments refer to the capital of non-banking sectors paid to non-residents via domestic banks. 2022-03-18/en/2022/0318/1938.html
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The State Administration of Foreign Exchange (SAFE) has recently released data on foreign exchange settlement and sales by banks as well as cross-border receipts and payments by non-banking sectors in January 2022. The SAFE Deputy Administrator and Press Spokesperson Wang Chunying answered media questions on China’s foreign exchange receipts and payments of January 2022. Q: At the beginning of the New Year, could you brief us on China’s foreign exchange receipts and payments in January 2022? A: China’s foreign exchange market remained stable. In January, the foreign exchange settlement and sales by banks recorded a surplus of US$27.8 billion. Taking into account of factors like forward settlement and sales of foreign exchange and option trading, the supply and demand of domestic foreign exchange were basically in balance. Meanwhile, the foreign-related receipts and payments by non-banking sectors also posted a surplus of US$58.4 billion, nearly 90% of which came from trade in goods. It attributed to the influences of factors, including the increase in trade surplus in recent months and the impacts of enterprises' centralized collection of payments before the Spring Festival. Transactions in the foreign exchange market were in a rational and orderly manner. In January, the settlement ratio (the ratio of foreign exchanges sold by clients to banks to their foreign-related foreign exchange receipts) and the sales ratio (the ratio of foreign exchange bought by clients from banks to their foreign-related foreign exchange payments) reached 67% and 62% respectively, an increase of 2.4% and 0.2% separately from the end of last month, but roughly the same as the monthly average in 2021. It indicated that the willingness of market entities to settle and purchase foreign exchange remained stable. The two-way cross-border investment remained active. In January, net inflows of cross-border direct investment funds were up by 9% year on year to US$11.4 billion, as inward direct investment and outward direct investment both showed an increasing trend. The scale of cross-border capital inflows and outflows under securities investment was basically the same as the monthly average level of 2021, and the overall pattern of net inflows continued. Looking ahead into the future, the external environment remains complex and volatile, because there are still unstable and uncertain factors in the evolution of the COVID-19 pandemic and economic recovery around the world. At the same time, under mounting inflationary pressures, the shift of monetary policies in major developed economies may accelerate. However, the trend of China’s stable economic recovery has not changed, the pattern of China’s advancing opening-up in the financial market has not changed, and the overall trend of a basic equilibrium of balance of payment has not changed either. Thus, all of these will continue to play a role in stabilizing market expectation and confidence, and consolidate the foundation for the stable operation of the foreign exchange market. 2022-02-18/en/2022/0218/1936.html
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As at the end of 2021, China's banking sector recorded external financial assets of USD 1531.0 billion, external liabilities of USD 1568.9 billion, and net external liabilities of USD 37.9 billion including net RMB liabilities of USD 462.5 billion and net foreign currency assets of USD 424.6 billion. Among the external financial assets of the banking sector, by instrument, deposits and loans were USD 1110.1 billion, bonds investment, USD 225.1 billion, and other assets including equity, USD 195.8 billion, accounting for 73 percent, 15 percent and 13 percent of the sector's total external financial assets respectively. By currency, RMB assets were USD 230.4 billion, USD assets were USD 1015.2 billion, and other currency assets were USD 285.5 billion, accounting for 15 percent, 66 percent and 19 percent respectively. By counterpart sector, the amount invested in the overseas banking sector was USD 845.0 billion, accounting for 55 percent; the amount invested in the overseas non-banking sector was USD 686.1 billion, accounting for 45 percent. Among the external liabilities of the banking sector, by instrument, deposits and loans were USD 852.7 billion, bonds investment, USD 322.8 billion, and other liabilities including equity, USD 393.4 billion, accounting for 54 percent, 21 percent and 25 percent of the sector's total external liabilities respectively. By currency, RMB liabilities were USD 692.9 billion, USD liabilities, USD 563.1 billion, and other currency liabilities, USD 313.0 billion, accounting for 44 percent, 36 percent and 20 percent respectively. By counterpart sector, USD 619.6 billion was from overseas banking sector, accounting for 39 percent; while USD 949.4 billion was from overseas non-banking sector, accounting for 61 percent. (End) 2022-03-24/en/2022/0324/1940.html