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2019年三季度，我国经常账户顺差3838亿元，其中，货物贸易顺差9445亿元，服务贸易逆差5060亿元，初次收入逆差700亿元，二次收入顺差153亿元；资本和金融账户中，直接投资逆差521亿元。 2019年前三季度，我国经常账户顺差9822亿元，其中，货物贸易顺差23583亿元，服务贸易逆差13827亿元，初次收入逆差456亿元，二次收入顺差522亿元；资本和金融账户中，直接投资顺差1856亿元。 按美元计值，2019年三季度，我国经常账户顺差549亿美元，其中，货物贸易顺差1352亿美元，服务贸易逆差724亿美元，初次收入逆差100亿美元，二次收入顺差22亿美元。资本和金融账户中，直接投资逆差75亿美元。 按美元计值，2019年前三季度，我国经常账户顺差1432亿美元，其中，货物贸易顺差3435亿美元，服务贸易逆差2017亿美元，初次收入逆差63亿美元，二次收入顺差76亿美元。资本和金融账户中，直接投资顺差277亿美元。 按SDR计值，2019年三季度，我国经常账户顺差400亿SDR，其中，货物贸易顺差984亿SDR，服务贸易逆差527亿SDR。资本和金融账户中，直接投资逆差54亿SDR。 按SDR计值，2019年前三季度，我国经常账户顺差1035亿SDR，其中，货物贸易顺差2485亿SDR，服务贸易逆差1458亿SDR。资本和金融账户中，直接投资顺差199亿SDR。（完） 中国国际收支平衡表（初步数） 单位：亿元 项 目 行次 2019年三季度 2019年前三季度 1. 经常账户 1 3,838 9,822 贷方 2 53,209 148,860 借方 3 -49,372 -139,038 1.A 货物和服务 4 4,385 9,756 贷方 5 48,559 134,593 借方 6 -44,174 -124,836 1.A.a 货物 7 9,445 23,583 贷方 8 44,375 122,369 借方 9 -34,930 -98,787 1.A.b 服务 10 -5,060 -13,827 贷方 11 4,183 12,223 借方 12 -9,244 -26,050 1.A.b.1 加工服务 13 264 790 贷方 14 272 808 借方 15 -8 -18 1.A.b.2 维护和维修服务 16 48 347 贷方 17 123 530 借方 18 -75 -183 1.A.b.3 运输 19 -1,153 -3,022 贷方 20 813 2,312 借方 21 -1,966 -5,334 1.A.b.4 旅行 22 -4,003 -11,484 贷方 23 624 1,790 借方 24 -4,627 -13,274 1.A.b.5 建设 25 68 237 贷方 26 233 709 借方 27 -165 -472 1.A.b.6 保险和养老金服务 28 -111 -333 贷方 29 80 218 借方 30 -192 -551 1.A.b.7 金融服务 31 17 65 贷方 32 56 184 借方 33 -39 -119 1.A.b.8 知识产权使用费 34 -496 -1,455 贷方 35 109 342 借方 36 -605 -1,796 1.A.b.9 电信、计算机和信息服务 37 143 355 贷方 38 637 1,731 借方 39 -494 -1,376 1.A.b.10 其他商业服务 40 301 970 贷方 41 1,197 3,474 借方 42 -897 -2,504 1.A.b.11 个人、文化和娱乐服务 43 -61 -160 贷方 44 13 44 借方 45 -74 -203 1.A.b.12 别处未提及的政府服务 46 -76 -139 贷方 47 26 82 借方 48 -102 -221 1.B 初次收入 49 -700 -456 贷方 50 4,199 12,939 借方 51 -4,900 -13,396 1.C 二次收入 52 153 522 贷方 53 451 1,328 借方 54 -298 -806 2. 资本和金融账户+当季净误差与遗漏 55 -3,838 -926 2.1 资本账户 56 -17 -23 贷方 57 3 11 借方 58 -19 -33 2.2 金融账户+当季净误差与遗漏 59 -3,821 -903 2.2.1 非储备性质的金融账户+当季净误差与遗漏 60 -4,900 -1,825 其中：2.2.1.1 直接投资 61 -521 1,856 2.2.1.1.1 直接投资资产 62 -1,578 -4,749 2.2.1.1.2直接投资负债 63 1,057 6,605 2.2.2 储备资产 64 1,079 922 2.2.2.1 货币黄金 65 0 0 2.2.2.2 特别提款权 66 -13 -21 2.2.2.3 在国际货币基金组织的储备头寸 67 -24 -8 2.2.2.4 外汇储备 68 1,115 951 2.2.2.5 其他储备 69 0 0 3. 净误差与遗漏 70 / -8,896 注：1.根据《国际收支和国际投资头寸手册》（第六版）编制。 2.“贷方”按正值列示，“借方”按负值列示，差额等于“贷方”加上“借方”。本表除标注“贷方”和“借方”的项目外，其他项目均指差额。 3.以人民币计值的国际收支平衡表的折算方法为，当季以美元计值的国际收支平衡表，通过当季人民币对美元季平均汇率中间价折算。 4. 2019年前三季度初步数为一、二季度平衡表正式数与三季度平衡表初步数累加得到。 5.本表计数采用四舍五入原则。 中国国际收支平衡表（初步数） 单位：亿美元 项 目 行次 2019年三季度 2019年前三季度 1. 经常账户 1 549 1,432 贷方 2 7,615 21,719 借方 3 -7,066 -20,287 1.A 货物和服务 4 628 1,418 贷方 5 6,949 19,635 借方 6 -6,322 -18,217 1.A.a 货物 7 1,352 3,435 贷方 8 6,351 17,850 借方 9 -4,999 -14,415 1.A.b 服务 10 -724 -2,017 贷方 11 599 1,785 借方 12 -1,323 -3,802 1.A.b.1 加工服务 13 38 115 贷方 14 39 118 借方 15 -1 -3 1.A.b.2 维护和维修服务 16 7 51 贷方 17 18 78 借方 18 -11 -27 1.A.b.3 运输 19 -165 -441 贷方 20 116 337 借方 21 -281 -778 1.A.b.4 旅行 22 -573 -1,676 贷方 23 89 261 借方 24 -662 -1,938 1.A.b.5 建设 25 10 35 贷方 26 33 104 借方 27 -24 -69 1.A.b.6 保险和养老金服务 28 -16 -49 贷方 29 11 32 借方 30 -27 -80 1.A.b.7 金融服务 31 2 10 贷方 32 8 27 借方 33 -6 -17 1.A.b.8 知识产权使用费 34 -71 -212 贷方 35 16 50 借方 36 -87 -262 1.A.b.9 电信、计算机和信息服务 37 21 52 贷方 38 91 253 借方 39 -71 -201 1.A.b.10 其他商业服务 40 43 142 贷方 41 171 507 借方 42 -128 -365 1.A.b.11 个人、文化和娱乐服务 43 -9 -23 贷方 44 2 6 借方 45 -11 -30 1.A.b.12 别处未提及的政府服务 46 -11 -20 贷方 47 4 12 借方 48 -15 -32 1.B 初次收入 49 -100 -63 贷方 50 601 1,890 借方 51 -701 -1,953 1.C 二次收入 52 22 76 贷方 53 65 194 借方 54 -43 -118 2. 资本和金融账户+当季净误差与遗漏 55 -549 -120 2.1 资本账户 56 -2 -3 贷方 57 0 2 借方 58 -3 -5 2.2 金融账户+当季净误差与遗漏 59 -547 -116 2.2.1 非储备性质的金融账户+当季净误差与遗漏 60 -701 -247 其中：2.2.2.1 直接投资 61 -75 277 2.2.2.1.1 直接投资资产 62 -226 -693 2.2.2.1.2直接投资负债 63 151 970 2.2.2 储备资产 64 154 130 2.2.2.1 货币黄金 65 0 0 2.2.2.2 特别提款权 66 -2 -3 2.2.2.3 在国际货币基金组织的储备头寸 67 -3 -1 2.2.2.4 外汇储备 68 160 134 2.2.2.5 其他储备 69 0 0 3. 净误差与遗漏 70 / -1,312 注：1.根据《国际收支和国际投资头寸手册》（第六版）编制。 2.“贷方”按正值列示，“借方”按负值列示，差额等于“贷方”加上“借方”。本表除标注“贷方”和“借方”的项目外，其他项目均指差额。 3.2019年前三季度初步数为一、二季度平衡表正式数与三季度平衡表初步数累加得到。 4.本表计数采用四舍五入原则。 中国国际收支平衡表（初步数） 单位：亿SDR 项 目 行次 2019年三季度 2019年前三季度 1. 经常账户 1 400 1,035 贷方 2 5,542 15,700 借方 3 -5,142 -14,665 1.A 货物和服务 4 457 1,027 贷方 5 5,057 14,194 借方 6 -4,601 -13,167 1.A.a 货物 7 984 2,485 贷方 8 4,622 12,904 借方 9 -3,638 -10,420 1.A.b 服务 10 -527 -1,458 贷方 11 436 1,290 借方 12 -963 -2,748 1.A.b.1 加工服务 13 27 83 贷方 14 28 85 借方 15 -1 -2 1.A.b.2 维护和维修服务 16 5 37 贷方 17 13 56 借方 18 -8 -19 1.A.b.3 运输 19 -120 -319 贷方 20 85 244 借方 21 -205 -562 1.A.b.4 旅行 22 -417 -1,212 贷方 23 65 189 借方 24 -482 -1,400 1.A.b.5 建设 25 7 25 贷方 26 24 75 借方 27 -17 -50 1.A.b.6 保险和养老金服务 28 -12 -35 贷方 29 8 23 借方 30 -20 -58 1.A.b.7 金融服务 31 2 7 贷方 32 6 19 借方 33 -4 -13 1.A.b.8 知识产权使用费 34 -52 -153 贷方 35 11 36 借方 36 -63 -189 1.A.b.9 电信、计算机和信息服务 37 15 37 贷方 38 66 183 借方 39 -51 -145 1.A.b.10 其他商业服务 40 31 102 贷方 41 125 367 借方 42 -93 -264 1.A.b.11 个人、文化和娱乐服务 43 -6 -17 贷方 44 1 5 借方 45 -8 -21 1.A.b.12 别处未提及的政府服务 46 -8 -15 贷方 47 3 9 借方 48 -11 -23 1.B 初次收入 49 -73 -47 贷方 50 437 1,366 借方 51 -510 -1,412 1.C 二次收入 52 16 55 贷方 53 47 140 借方 54 -31 -85 2. 资本和金融账户+当季净误差与遗漏 55 -400 -90 2.1 资本账户 56 -2 -2 贷方 57 0 1 借方 58 -2 -4 2.2 金融账户+当季净误差与遗漏 59 -398 -88 2.2.1 非储备性质的金融账户+当季净误差与遗漏 60 -510 -183 其中：2.2.2.1 直接投资 61 -54 199 2.2.2.1.1 直接投资资产 62 -164 -501 2.2.2.1.2直接投资负债 63 110 700 2.2.2 储备资产 64 112 95 2.2.2.1 货币黄金 65 0 0 2.2.2.2 特别提款权 66 -1 -2 2.2.2.3 在国际货币基金组织的储备头寸 67 -3 -1 2.2.2.4 外汇储备 68 116 98 2.2.2.5 其他储备 69 0 0 3. 净误差与遗漏 70 / -945 注：1.根据《国际收支和国际投资头寸手册》（第六版）编制。 2.“贷方”按正值列示，“借方”按负值列示，差额等于“贷方”加上“借方”。本表除标注“贷方”和“借方”的项目外，其他项目均指差额。 3. 季度SDR计值的国际收支平衡表数据，由当季以美元计值的国际收支平衡表，通过当季SDR对美元季平均汇率折算得到。 4.2019年前三季度初步数为一、二季度平衡表正式数与三季度平衡表初步数累加得到。 5.本表计数采用四舍五入原则。 2019-11-08/safe/2019/1108/14608.html
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日前，国家外汇管理局公布了2019年三季度及前三季度国际收支平衡表初步数据。国家外汇管理局新闻发言人、总经济师王春英就相关问题回答了记者提问。 问：2019年前三季度我国国际收支状况有何特点？ 答：我国国际收支平衡表初步数据显示，2019年前三季度，我国经常账户呈现顺差，跨境资金流动平稳，我国国际收支保持基本平衡。 一是经常账户呈现顺差，其中货物贸易顺差增长，服务贸易逆差缩小。2019年前三季度，经常账户顺差1432亿美元，上年同期为逆差55亿美元。其中，国际收支口径的货物贸易顺差3435亿美元，同比增长34%；服务贸易逆差2017亿美元，同比下降12%。服务贸易项下，旅行、运输和知识产权使用费逆差分别同比下降8%、15%和10%。 二是来华直接投资保持在较高规模。2019年前三季度，直接投资净流入277亿美元。其中，对外直接投资净流出693亿美元；外国来华直接投资净流入970亿美元，仍保持在较高规模。 三是证券投资呈现顺差，双向资金流动活跃。据初步统计，2019年前三季度，我国证券投资顺差约400亿美元。其中，我国对外证券投资逾600亿美元，来华证券投资逾1000亿美元。 四是储备资产基本稳定。2019年前三季度，储备资产因国际收支交易减少130亿美元。考虑汇率、价格等非交易因素影响，2019年9月末，我国储备资产余额32045亿美元，较2018年末增加365亿美元。 总体来看，在我国经济基本面长期向好、全方位对外开放持续推进等背景下，预计全年国际收支将继续呈现总体稳定、基本平衡的格局。 2019-11-08/safe/2019/1108/14607.html
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11月6日至7日，国家外汇管理局江西省分局国际收支处在抚州举办全省外汇检查专项培训，培训内容包括外汇检查依法行政、内控管理和违规典型案例讲解等。分局及各市中心支局的外汇检查人员共三十余人参加培训。 2019-11-08/jiangxi/2019/1108/1273.html
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问：所有外汇支出都必须过外汇账户吗？ 答：一般情况下，机构均通过外汇账户办理外汇收支业务。但对于零星外汇支出，实践中也存在不通过外汇账户直接支出的情况，具体由经办银行根据交易实际情况和银行自身内控要求把握。 2019-11-06/jiangxi/2019/1106/1271.html
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2019-10-25 14:16 Moderator Liu Fang Good afternoon, friends from the press. Welcome to today's press conference on foreign exchange receipts and payments data for the first three quarters of 2019. I am Liu Fang, deputy director of the General Affairs Department of the SAFE. We are pleased to have with us Ms. Wang Chunying, press spokesperson, chief economist, and director of the Department of Balance of Payments of the SAFE. She will first brief us on foreign exchange receipts and payments for the first three quarters of 2019. 2019-10-25 14:17 Wang Chunying Good afternoon, everybody. Welcome to today's press conference. I will first present to you China's foreign exchange receipts and payments data for the first three quarters of 2019 and then take your questions. 2019-10-25 14:17 Wang Chunying Over the first three quarters of 2019, due to the slowing global economy and mounting downside pressure, global financial markets have become more volatile. Nevertheless, China's economy has remained within a reasonable range, with major economic indicators meeting expectations and economic structure being optimized. Despite the heightened two-way fluctuations of the RMB exchange rate against the dollar, expectations have stayed stable. As a result, China has posted stable cross-border capital flows and balanced supply and demand in foreign exchange markets for the first three quarters of 2019. 2019-10-25 14:17 Wang Chunying In the same period, banks settled USD 1.38 trillion and sold USD 1.43 trillion in foreign exchange, representing a deficit of USD 48.2 billion; and banks received USD 2.632 trillion and paid USD 2.629 trillion in foreign exchange for customers in foreign-related transactions, representing a surplus of USD 2.6 billion. 2019-10-25 14:17 Wang Chunying China's foreign exchange receipts and payments presented the following features in the period: first, a shrinking deficit has been observed in banks' settlements and sales of foreign exchange while a surplus has been recorded in banks' foreign exchange receipts and payments for customers for foreign-related transactions. Since the second half of 2018, despite a complex external environment and increased uncertainty, a contracting deficit has been observed in China's foreign exchange sales and settlements. In the first three quarters, a deficit of USD 48.2 billion was recorded in banks' foreign exchange settlements and sales, down by 54% from the second half of 2018 by monthly average. In the same period, a surplus of USD 2.6 billion was registered in banks' foreign-related foreign exchange receipts and payments for customers, versus a deficit for the second half of 2018. 2019-10-25 14:18 Wang Chunying Second, the supply and demand in foreign exchange markets have been in balance. In the first three quarters, a monthly average deficit of USD 5.4 billion was recorded in banks' foreign exchange settlements and sales, but with forward settlements and sales and options considered, the supply and demand were in an equilibrium. The deficit for the third quarter contracted by 38% from that of the second quarter, or by 64% year-on-year, which is a strong indicator of increased stability of foreign exchange markets. 2019-10-25 14:18 Wang Chunying Third, the foreign exchange sales ratio has stayed stable and foreign exchange financing by enterprises has become steadier. In the first three quarters, the foreign exchange sales ratio that measures customers' desire to buy foreign exchange, or the ratio of foreign exchange customers bought from banks to their foreign-related foreign exchange payments, stood at 67%, consistent with that of the second half of 2018. Meanwhile, the decline in domestic foreign exchange loans by enterprises narrowed. As at the end of September, the outstanding foreign exchange loans in Chinese banks fell by USD 12.3 billion from the figure of the beginning of the year, compared with a drop of USD 59.9 billion in the second half of 2018. Further, foreign exchange financing under foreign trade has stabilized. As at the end of September, the balance of cross-border financing for imports denominated in foreign currencies including refinancing and usance letter of credit contracted by a slight USD 1 billion from the end of 2018, versus a drop of USD 13.2 billion in the second half of 2018. 2019-10-25 14:18 Wang Chunying Fourth, the settlement ratio has risen steadily and market players' foreign exchange deposits have fallen. In the first three quarters, the settlement ratio that measures customers' desire to settle their foreign exchange, or the ratio of foreign exchange customers sold to banks to their receipts of foreign exchange from foreign-related transactions, was 65%, up by 0.6 percentage point from the second half of 2018. Foreign exchange deposits of market players, companies and individuals alike, have dropped. By the end of September, the balance of domestic foreign exchange deposits with banks was USD 32.4 billon lower than that of the end of 2018. 2019-10-25 14:18 Wang Chunying Fifth, a surplus has been observed in banks' forward settlements and sales of foreign exchange. In the first three quarters, banks' forward settlements and sales of foreign exchange represented a surplus of USD 105.5 billion, versus a deficit of USD 45.3 billion in the same period last year. A surplus in the contract amount for forward settlements and sales of foreign exchange reached USD 34.5 billion, USD 43.2 billion, and USD 27.8 billion in the first, second and third quarter respectively. 2019-10-25 14:18 Wang Chunying Sixth, the balance of foreign exchange reserves has risen steadily. By the end of September 2019, the balance of foreign exchange reserves amounted to USD 3.0924 trillion, USD 19.7 billion more than that of the beginning of the year. 2019-10-25 14:18 Wang Chunying These are what I am supposed to present today. Now I would like to answer your questions. 2019-10-25 14:38 Xinhua News Agency As the global economy slows down and global financial markets become more volatile, how have China's cross-border capital flows performed? What would you say about the future trends? 2019-10-25 14:39 Wang Chunying In the year to date, China's foreign exchange markets have stayed stable amid the complex and changing external environment. First, the supply and demand has been in balance. According to the data released just now, banks' settlements and sales of foreign exchange for the first three quarters represented a monthly average deficit of USD 5.4 billion, much lower than those of the previous years and accounting for only 1.8% of the monthly average of banks' sales and settlements of foreign exchange, indicating an equilibrium. The non-banking sector's cross-border receipts and payments represented a slight surplus and foreign exchange reserves rose steadily. All these indicators, whether for supply and demand, cross-border receipts and payments, or the balance of payments, show that China's foreign exchange markets have been generally stable and balanced in the year to date. 2019-10-25 14:39 Wang Chunying Second, the RMB exchange rate has remained stable against other currencies. In the first three quarters, the central parity rate of the yuan against the dollar depreciated by 3.0%, and the CFETS RMB Index fell by 1.9%. In the meanwhile, the USD index rose by 3.3% while the EMCI index dropped by 3.1%. All of these show that the RMB exchange rate is still stable. 2019-10-25 14:39 Wang Chunying Third, market players' cross-border investing and financing activities and their desire to settle or sell foreign exchange have remained stable. On the one hand, foreign capital has continued to flow in. According to the statistics of the Ministry of Commerce, for example, China used USD 100.8 billion in foreign capital under direct investment in the first three quarters, up by 2.9% year-on-year. Statistics from the SAFE show that, under securities investment, overseas investors bought an extra USD 71.3 billion in bonds net and an extra USD 18.5 billion in listed stocks net in the first three quarters. On the other hand, China's outbound investment has been stable and in a good order. Statistics from the Ministry of Commerce show that the non-financial sector made ODI of USD 81 billion in the first three quarters, consistent with that of the same period last year. Besides, statistics from the SAFE show that foreign exchange purchased by individuals contracted by 20% net year-on-year. 2019-10-25 14:39 Wang Chunying Now I would like to share with you my ideas why China's foreign exchange markets could sustain stability in the year to date. First, economic fundamentals have provided a strong support. While the global economy is slowing down, China's economy has delivered a good performance. It continues adopting the positive fiscal policy and robust monetary policy and deepens the supply-side structural reform, effectively shoring up economic stability. 2019-10-25 14:39 Wang Chunying Second, the policies that encourage opening wider to the outside world have continued to take positive effects. Since the beginning of this year, a range of policies for opening wider to the outside world have been introduced such as the new foreign investment law, the updated negative list for market access of foreign investment, and the removal of foreign shareholding restrictions for securities and fund companies, which have provided a strong boost to market confidence. In the global business environment ranking unveiled by the World Bank yesterday, China has moved up by a further 15 places from last year's position, which climbed by 32 places year-on-year. 2019-10-25 14:39 Wang Chunying Third, the foreign exchange market's self-adjustment capability has been improving. Recent data shows China's foreign exchange markets have been maturing and market players have become more sensible. For example, as the RMB exchange rate became increasingly fluctuating in the past few months, market players settled their foreign exchange when the RMB foreign exchange rate was high and purchased foreign exchange when the rate was low, which helped to regulate the supply and demand of foreign exchange and curb the exchange rate volatility and in turn facilitate market stability. Despite the complexities of the external environment, we have observed some positive factors, such as loose monetary policies around the world, moderate spread between domestic and overseas interest rates, and continued China-US trade talks, which are positive signs to the market. 2019-10-25 14:40 Wang Chunying Overall, we believe these factors including strong economic fundamentals, continuity of the policies that encourages opening wider to the outside world, and the maturing markets will dominate the performance of China's foreign exchange markets in the future and help to maintain stability in China's cross-border capital flows. 2019-10-25 14:53 People.cn The current account surplus increased in the first half of 2019. Could you explain why? And what will be the future trends? 2019-10-25 14:53 Wang Chunying Generally speaking, China's current account has maintained a basic equilibrium amid small fluctuations. In the first half, a surplus of USD 88.2 billion was observed under the current account, accounting for 1.3% of China's GDP. In comparison, a deficit of USD 28.8 billion was observed in the first half of 2018 and a surplus of USD 77.9 billion in the second half. But actually, they were all within the reasonable range of a basic equilibrium. As a result, despite the complex external environment, China's current account has shown strong adaptability and stability recently. 2019-10-25 14:54 Wang Chunying The increasing balance of the current account in the year to date is a result of the combined changes in trade in goods, trade in services and returns on investment. First, a larger surplus was registered under trade in goods, amounting to USD 208.4 billion in the Balance of Payments in the first half, up by 34% year-on-year. Second, a lower deficit was recorded under trade in services, reaching USD 129.3 billion in the first half, down by 12% year-on-year. Third, returns on investment were improved, representing a slight surplus of USD 1.5 billion in the first half, versus a deficit for the same period last year. 2019-10-25 14:54 Wang Chunying In the near future, China's current account is expected to remain in the reasonable range. First, trade in goods will maintain a reasonable surplus. A host of factors can help to sustain export stability in China: first, the diversification of export markets is delivering impacts. In dollar terms, China's export to ASEAN grew by 9.5% and to Africa, rose by 5.9% in the first three quarters, which are much higher than its overall export growth, indicating companies are proactively expanding their markets and optimizing their global presence. Second, trade facilitation and the initiatives to boost foreign trade growth such as the requirements to implement the reform of "combining power delegation with regulation & optimizing services", the incubation of new growth dynamics for foreign trade and the strengthening of core competitiveness, will continue to take effect. Third, the manufacturing sector, featuring a wide variety of sub-sectors, sound supporting facilities, increasing productivity and deep integration into the global industry chain, is being transitioned and upgraded, and will continue to lay a solid foundation for China-made products to sustain their competitiveness. In addition, China and the US have moved on with their trade talks. 2019-10-25 14:54 Wang Chunying A review of trade in service and returns on investment shows that the deficits are shrinking, which will enable them to continue to shore up the current account stability. On the one hand, the history of major countries shows that, with the changes in residents' concept of consumption and the strengthening of a country's soft power, expenditures for trade in service like overseas tourism will grow and then stabilize, and therefore, the deficit in trade in service will not grow as quickly as before. On the other hand, China has been committed to optimizing its foreign investment structure in recent years. With a growing share, direct investment will help drive up returns on outbound investment and in turn increase returns on investment. 2019-10-25 14:54 Wang Chunying Overall, China's current account is now in a basic equilibrium, and will possibly continue and sustain this pattern in the future. 2019-10-25 15:11 CBN Daily The Balance of Payments shows high net errors and omission in the first half of 2019. Could you tell us why? Does this point to high capital outflows? 2019-10-25 15:11 Wang Chunying Thank you for your questions. As the preparer and analyst of the Balance of payments and policymaker, we have also paid close attention to this issue. 2019-10-25 15:11 Wang Chunying "Net errors and omission" is a standard component of the Balance of Payments. By nature it is a netting item that is susceptible to the impact from the current account, and the capital and financial account. According to international practices, the Balance of Payments is a double-entry accounting statement, with "net errors and omission" created to balance debits and credits therein. In fact, "net errors and omission" is a residual item since all items in the Balance of Payments may have "net errors and omission". 2019-10-25 15:11 Wang Chunying For an economy frequently involved in foreign-related businesses, the large size and high frequency of cross-border transactions poses a great challenge to statistical work, leaving high "net errors and omission" sometimes. This challenge is not confronted by China alone. Any economies that are engaged in large and frequent cross-border transactions are facing this challenge. In the US, for example, the "net errors and omission" hit USD 99.5 billion in the first quarter of this year, accounting for 9% of the total trade in goods in the Balance of Payments. With increasing communications with the rest of the world, China's foreign-related economy has grown rapidly, in terms of both the number of declarers and the size of foreign-related transactions. In 2018, millions of players declared a total of nearly 50 million foreign-related transactions. Such fragmented distribution has rarely been seen in the world. As a result, long-term careful efforts are needed in the promotion of concepts on the declarations of the BOP statistics, data collection and improvement of data quality. Moreover, the preparation of BOP is also a complex and systematic task. Apart from the breakdown data or aggregate data collected by banks, we also use the data collected in corporate sample surveys as well as from other departments. These data, with different concepts, coverage, and recording principles, may result in "net errors and omission" when synthesized in the Balance of Payments. 2019-10-25 15:11 Wang Chunying Therefore, you can understand that "net errors and omission" is a statistical issue occurring in preparing the Balance of Payments, not about cross-border capital flows. The SAFE has surely paid close attention to this issue and been studying a more scientific statistical approach, with a view to ensuring the integrity, timeliness and accuracy of BOP statistics at a lower cost and in a more reliable way by reducing misjudgment based on "net errors and omission". We also expect you to do objective analysis instead of blindly mistaking "net- errors and omission" for capital flows. In addition, the SAFE will continue to oversee data collection, processing and cleaning to improve data quality further. Thank you. 2019-10-25 15:26 China News Service China's full-scale outstanding external debt is nearing USD 2 trillion. What would you say about this? How to assess the risks ensued? 2019-10-25 15:26 Wang Chunying China's outstanding external debt for the second quarter reportedly amounted to USD 1.9980 trillion, which is close to USD 2 trillion. But based on our judgment, China's external debt risk is controllable on the whole. I would explain this in several dimensions. 2019-10-25 15:27 Wang Chunying First, China's external debt is modest compared with other major countries, in both absolute and relative terms. Along with economic growth and the advance of globalization, it is natural that one country's external debt will grow steadily, especially in a large economy whose debt is huge too. This is an indication of a country's comprehensive use of both domestic and foreign resources for reasonable and effective resource allocation. For China, its debt is modest in absolute terms and at a lower-middle level in relative terms, as compared with other major countries. In absolute terms, China was ranked No. 12 globally by outstanding external debt by the end of 2018, which was 10 times lower than that of the US, 4 times lower than the UK, and 2 times lower than Japan, according to the World Bank's statistics. In relative terms, China's outstanding external debt accounted for 14% of national income by the end of 2018, ranking below No. 150 globally, according to incomplete statistics. Further, the liability ratio and debt ratio of its external debt are within the internationally recognized safe ranges and lower than the overall levels of developed and emerging market economies. 2019-10-25 15:27 Wang Chunying Second, China's external debt and external assets have both grown in an orderly and coordinated way. International experience shows that to measure external debt risk and external vulnerabilities, focus should be on the size and solvency of external assets. In the International Investment Position released by the SAFE, China's external assets totaled USD 7.4 trillion by the end of June 2019, up by 16% from the end of 2014; its external debt reached USD 5.4 trillion, up by 12% from the end of 2014, a bit lower than that of assets. What's more, its external debt growth is slowing down. By the end of June 2019, its outstanding external debt rose by 1.7% from that of the end of 2018, much lower than those of the previous years. 2019-10-25 15:27 Wang Chunying Third, as for growth trends, China's external debt, with a remarkably optimized structure, has been further stabilized, which is indicated in several aspects. By maturity, China's external debt growth has chiefly stemmed from middle and long-term debt in recent years. By the end of June 2019, outstanding middle and long-term external debt rose by 63% from the figure of the end of 2014, and its share in total outstanding debt was 12 percentage points higher than that of the end of 2014, while outstanding short-term external debt dropped 6% at the same time. By debt instrument, increase in debt securities has been the main driver of the stable growth in external debt. At the end of June, the balance of debt securities was 2.3 times more than that of the end of 2014, and its share was 24%. As foreign investors invest in debt securities mainly to diversify their asset allocation, debt securities grew and stayed stable in 2015 despite shrinking external debt. By currency, the recent external debt increased is chiefly denominated in RMB. As at the end of June, outstanding RMB external debt rose by USD 38.7 billion from the end of 2018 while external debt denominated in foreign currencies fell by USD 5.9 billion. For the moment, the RMB external debt accounts for one third of China's total external debt, indicating foreign investors' confidence and recognition in China's economic growth and RMB assets. 2019-10-25 15:27 Wang Chunying Therefore, we would say China's external debt risk is basically controllable. 2019-10-25 15:34 China Securities Journal What would you say about the impact of the recent reform to QFII and RQFII programs by the SAFE on China's cross-border capital flows and balance of payments? How to mitigate relevant risks? 2019-10-25 15:34 Wang Chunying With the approval of the State Council, we have decided to remove the investment quota limits on qualified foreign investors. As a key reformative initiative during the course of financial liberalization in China, this will facilitate stable cross-border capital flows and structural optimization of the balance of payments. 2019-10-25 15:34 Wang Chunying First, this will help to attract more foreign capital into China. With the removal of investment quota limits on QFIIs and RQFIIs, qualified foreign investors will only need to register with foreign exchange authorities and then can remit money to invest in securities in compliance with regulations. As a result, it will be much more convenient for foreign investors to invest in China's financial markets, and China's bond markets and equity markets will be recognized by the international community to a larger extent. 2019-10-25 15:34 Wang Chunying Second, this will increase the stability of foreign investments in China. Our dozen years of observation and monitoring shows that those investing in China's capital markets through QFII and RQFII programs are mostly value-oriented long-term investors. With a robust investment philosophy, they pursue middle and long-term returns, rather than short-term gains through frequent transactions. Even when cross-border capital flows fluctuated sharply, foreign investment through QFII and RQFII programs remained stable. The removal of quota limits on these quality investors will facilitate capital inflows and further attraction of long-term quality investors to invest in China. 2019-10-25 15:35 Wang Chunying Third, this will provide a boost to the development of China's financial markets. In a broader sense, this reform will continue to help improve the structure of domestic investors and their transaction style, and contribute to the long-term evolution of China's financial markets. 2019-10-25 15:35 Wang Chunying As the financial market is being liberalized, we are confident in keeping China's foreign exchange market stable. I would like to share with you a couple of figures. With the increase in the balance of payments and the optimization of transaction structure, China's risk resilience is improving. For example, from 2002 when the QFII program was launched to the current removal of quota limits, China's balance of payments expanded from USD 810 billion to more than USD 6.6 trillion in 2018, which is sufficient to offset the impact from the opening up of securities markets. Certainly the capital account is opened up in a proactive, step-by-step and controllable manner, and we will continue to intensify monitoring, early warning and analysis. We will assess market conditions in prompt response to domestic and overseas developments, to guard against risks arising from cross-border capital flows. 2019-10-25 15:35 Moderator Liu Fang Thank you, Ms. Wang. Also thanks to the friends from the press for your attention and participation. Thank you all for your support for the SAFE. This is the end of today's press conference. Thank you for coming. (The original text is available on people.cn) 2019-10-25/en/2019/1025/1587.html
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In the third quarter of 2019, China's current account registered a surplus of RMB 383.8 billion, including a surplus of RMB 944.5 billion under trade in goods, a deficit of RMB 506.0 billion under trade in services, a deficit of RMB 70.0 billion under primary income and a surplus of RMB 15.3 billion under secondary income. In the capital and financial accounts, foreign direct investment recorded a deficit of RMB 52.1 billion. In the first three quarters of 2019, China's current account registered a surplus of RMB 982.2 billion, including a surplus of RMB 2358.3 billion under trade in goods, a deficit of RMB 1382.7 billion under trade in services, a deficit of RMB 45.6 billion under primary income and a surplus of RMB 52.2 billion under secondary income. In the capital and financial accounts, foreign direct investment recorded a surplus of RMB 185.6 billion. In the US dollar terms, in the third quarter of 2019, China's current account registered a surplus of USD 54.9 billion, including a surplus of USD 135.2 billion under trade in goods, a deficit of USD 72.4 billion under trade in services, a deficit of USD 10.0 billion under primary income and a surplus of USD 2.2 billion under secondary income. In the capital and financial accounts, foreign direct investment recorded a deficit of USD 7.5 billion. In the US dollar terms, in the first three quarters of 2019, China's current account registered a surplus of USD 143.2 billion,including a surplus of USD 343.5 billion under trade in goods, a deficit of USD 201.7 billion under trade in services, a deficit of USD 6.3 billion under primary income and a surplus of USD 7.6 billion under secondary income. In the capital and financial accounts, foreign direct investment recorded a surplus of USD 27.7 billion. In SDR terms, in the third quarter of 2019, China's current account registered a surplus of SDR 40.0 billion, including a surplus of SDR 98.4 billion under trade in goods, and a deficit of SDR 52.7 billion under trade in services. In the capital and financial accounts, foreign direct investment recorded a deficit of SDR 5.4 billion. In SDR terms, in the first three quarters of 2019, China's current account registered a surplus of SDR 103.5 billion, includinga surplus of SDR 248.5 billion under trade in goods, and a deficit of SDR 145.8 billion under trade in services. In the capital and financial accounts, foreign direct investment recorded a surplus of SDR 19.9 billion. China's Balance of Payments (Preliminary Data) Unit:RMB 100 million Item Line No. Q3 2019 First 3 quarters, 2019 1. Current account 1 3,838 9,822 Credit 2 53,209 148,860 Debit 3 -49,372 -139,038 1. A Goods and Services 4 4,385 9,756 Credit 5 48,559 134,593 Debit 6 -44,174 -124,836 1.A.a Goods 7 9,445 23,583 Credit 8 44,375 122,369 Debit 9 -34,930 -98,787 1.A.b Services 10 -5,060 -13,827 Credit 11 4,183 12,223 Debit 12 -9,244 -26,050 1.A.b.1 Processing services 13 264 790 Credit 14 272 808 Debit 15 -8 -18 1.A.b.2 Maintenance and Repair Services 16 48 347 Credit 17 123 530 Debit 18 -75 -183 1.A.b.3 Transport 19 -1,153 -3,022 Credit 20 813 2,312 Debit 21 -1,966 -5,334 1.A.b.4 Travel 22 -4,003 -11,484 Credit 23 624 1,790 Debit 24 -4,627 -13,274 1.A.b.5 Construction 25 68 237 Credit 26 233 709 Debit 27 -165 -472 1.A.b.6 Insurance and Pension Services 28 -111 -333 Credit 29 80 218 Debit 30 -192 -551 1.A.b.7 Financial Services 31 17 65 Credit 32 56 184 Debit 33 -39 -119 1.A.b.8 Charges for the Use of Intellectual Property 34 -496 -1,455 Credit 35 109 342 Debit 36 -605 -1,796 1.A.b.9 Telecommunications, Computer, and Information Services 37 143 355 Credit 38 637 1,731 Debit 39 -494 -1,376 1.A.b.10 Other Business Services 40 301 970 Credit 41 1,197 3,474 Debit 42 -897 -2,504 1.A.b.11 Personal, Cultural, and Recreational Services 43 -61 -160 Credit 44 13 44 Debit 45 -74 -203 1.A.b.12 Government Goods and Services n.i.e 46 -76 -139 Credit 47 26 82 Debit 48 -102 -221 1.B Primary Income 49 -700 -456 Credit 50 4,199 12,939 Debit 51 -4,900 -13,396 1.C Secondary Income 52 153 522 Credit 53 451 1,328 Debit 54 -298 -806 2. Capital and Financial Accounts (Including Net Errors and Omissions for the Quarter) 55 -3,838 -926 2.1 Capital Account 56 -17 -23 Credit 57 3 11 Debit 58 -19 -33 2.2. Financial Account (Including Net Errors and Omissions for the Quarter) 59 -3,821 -903 2.2.1 Financial Account (Excluding Reserve Assets, But Including Net Errors and Omissions for the Quarter) 60 -4,900 -1,825 Including: 2.2.1.1 Direct Investment 61 -521 1,856 2.2.1.1.1 Assets 62 -1,578 -4,749 2.2.1.1.2 Liabilities 63 1,057 6,605 2.2.2 Reserve Assets 64 1,079 922 2.2.2.1 Monetary gold 65 0 0 2.2.2.2 Special drawing rights 66 -13 -21 2.2.2.3 Reserve position in the IMF 67 -24 -8 2.2.2.4 Foreign exchange reserves 68 1,115 951 2.2.2.5 Other reserves 69 0 0 3. Net Errors and Omissions 70 / -8,896 Note: 1. The table is compiled according to BPM6. 2. "Credit" is presented as positive value while "debit" as negative value, and the balance is the sum of the "Credit" and the "Debit". All items herein refer to balances,unless marked with "Credit" or "Debit". 3.The RMB denominated BOP statement is converted from the USD denominated BOP statement for the quarter using the quarterly average central parity rate of RMB against USD. 4. The preliminary data for the first three quarters of 2019 is the sum of the formal data of the BOP for Q1 and Q2 2019 and the preliminary data for Q3 2019. 5. This table employs rounded-off numbers. China's Balance of Payments (Preliminary Data) Unit:USD 100 million Item Line No. Q3 2019 First 3 quarters, 2019 1. Current account 1 549 1,432 Credit 2 7,615 21,719 Debit 3 -7,066 -20,287 1. A Goods and Services 4 628 1,418 Credit 5 6,949 19,635 Debit 6 -6,322 -18,217 1.A.a Goods 7 1,352 3,435 Credit 8 6,351 17,850 Debit 9 -4,999 -14,415 1.A.b Services 10 -724 -2,017 Credit 11 599 1,785 Debit 12 -1,323 -3,802 1.A.b.1 Processing services 13 38 115 Credit 14 39 118 Debit 15 -1 -3 1.A.b.2 Maintenance and Repair Services 16 7 51 Credit 17 18 78 Debit 18 -11 -27 1.A.b.3 Transport 19 -165 -441 Credit 20 116 337 Debit 21 -281 -778 1.A.b.4 Travel 22 -573 -1,676 Credit 23 89 261 Debit 24 -662 -1,938 1.A.b.5 Construction 25 10 35 Credit 26 33 104 Debit 27 -24 -69 1.A.b.6 Insurance and Pension Services 28 -16 -49 Credit 29 11 32 Debit 30 -27 -80 1.A.b.7 Financial Services 31 2 10 Credit 32 8 27 Debit 33 -6 -17 1.A.b.8 Charges for the Use of Intellectual Property 34 -71 -212 Credit 35 16 50 Debit 36 -87 -262 1.A.b.9 Telecommunications, Computer, and Information Services 37 21 52 Credit 38 91 253 Debit 39 -71 -201 1.A.b.10 Other Business Services 40 43 142 Credit 41 171 507 Debit 42 -128 -365 1.A.b.11 Personal, Cultural, and Recreational Services 43 -9 -23 Credit 44 2 6 Debit 45 -11 -30 1.A.b.12 Government Goods and Services n.i.e 46 -11 -20 Credit 47 4 12 Debit 48 -15 -32 1.B Primary Income 49 -100 -63 Credit 50 601 1,890 Debit 51 -701 -1,953 1.C Secondary Income 52 22 76 Credit 53 65 194 Debit 54 -43 -118 2. Capital and Financial Accounts (Including Net Errors and Omissions for the Quarter) 55 -549 -120 2.1 Capital Account 56 -2 -3 Credit 57 0 2 Debit 58 -3 -5 2.2. Financial Account (Including Net Errors and Omissions for the Quarter) 59 -547 -116 2.2.1 Financial Account (Excluding Reserve Assets, But Including Net Errors and Omissions for the Quarter) 60 -701 -247 Including: 2.2.1.1 Direct Investment 61 -75 277 2.2.1.1.1 Assets 62 -226 -693 2.2.1.1.2 Liabilities 63 151 970 2.2.2 Reserve Assets 64 154 130 2.2.2.1 Monetary gold 65 0 0 2.2.2.2 Special drawing rights 66 -2 -3 2.2.2.3 Reserve position in the IMF 67 -3 -1 2.2.2.4 Foreign exchange reserves 68 160 134 2.2.2.5 Other reserves 69 0 0 3. Net Errors and Omissions 70 / -1,312 Note: 1. The table is compiled according to BPM6. 2. "Credit" is presented as positive value while "debit" as negative value, and the balance is the sum of the "Credit" and the "Debit". All items herein refer to balances,unless marked with "Credit" or "Debit". 3. The preliminary amount for the first three quarters of 2019 is the sum of the formal data of the BOP for Q1 and Q2 2019 and the preliminary data for Q3 2019. 4. This table employs rounded-off numbers. China's Balance of Payments (Preliminary Data) Unit:SDR 100 million Item Line No. Q3 2019 First 3 quarters, 2019 1. Current account 1 400 1,035 Credit 2 5,542 15,700 Debit 3 -5,142 -14,665 1. A Goods and Services 4 457 1,027 Credit 5 5,057 14,194 Debit 6 -4,601 -13,167 1.A.a Goods 7 984 2,485 Credit 8 4,622 12,904 Debit 9 -3,638 -10,420 1.A.b Services 10 -527 -1,458 Credit 11 436 1,290 Debit 12 -963 -2,748 1.A.b.1 Processing services 13 27 83 Credit 14 28 85 Debit 15 -1 -2 1.A.b.2 Maintenance and Repair Services 16 5 37 Credit 17 13 56 Debit 18 -8 -19 1.A.b.3 Transport 19 -120 -319 Credit 20 85 244 Debit 21 -205 -562 1.A.b.4 Travel 22 -417 -1,212 Credit 23 65 189 Debit 24 -482 -1,400 1.A.b.5 Construction 25 7 25 Credit 26 24 75 Debit 27 -17 -50 1.A.b.6 Insurance and Pension Services 28 -12 -35 Credit 29 8 23 Debit 30 -20 -58 1.A.b.7 Financial Services 31 2 7 Credit 32 6 19 Debit 33 -4 -13 1.A.b.8 Charges for the Use of Intellectual Property 34 -52 -153 Credit 35 11 36 Debit 36 -63 -189 1.A.b.9 Telecommunications, Computer, and Information Services 37 15 37 Credit 38 66 183 Debit 39 -51 -145 1.A.b.10 Other Business Services 40 31 102 Credit 41 125 367 Debit 42 -93 -264 1.A.b.11 Personal, Cultural, and Recreational Services 43 -6 -17 Credit 44 1 5 Debit 45 -8 -21 1.A.b.12 Government Goods and Services n.i.e 46 -8 -15 Credit 47 3 9 Debit 48 -11 -23 1.B Primary Income 49 -73 -47 Credit 50 437 1,366 Debit 51 -510 -1,412 1.C Secondary Income 52 16 55 Credit 53 47 140 Debit 54 -31 -85 2. Capital and Financial Accounts (Including Net Errors and Omissions for the Quarter) 55 -400 -90 2.1 Capital Account 56 -2 -2 Credit 57 0 1 Debit 58 -2 -4 2.2. Financial Account (Including Net Errors and Omissions for the Quarter) 59 -398 -88 2.2.1 Financial Account (Excluding Reserve Assets, But Including Net Errors and Omissions for the Quarter) 60 -510 -183 Including: 2.2.1.1 Direct Investment 61 -54 199 2.2.1.1.1 Assets 62 -164 -501 2.2.1.1.2 Liabilities 63 110 700 2.2.2 Reserve Assets 64 112 95 2.2.2.1 Monetary gold 65 0 0 2.2.2.2 Special drawing rights 66 -1 -2 2.2.2.3 Reserve position in the IMF 67 -3 -1 2.2.2.4 Foreign exchange reserves 68 116 98 2.2.2.5 Other reserves 69 0 0 3. Net Errors and Omissions 70 / -945 Notes: 1. The table is compiled according to BPM6. 2. "Credit" is presented as positive value while "debit" as negative value, and the balance is the sum of the "Credit" and the "Debit". All items herein refer to balances,unless marked with "Credit" or "Debit". 3. The SDR denominated quarterly BOP statementis converted from the USD denominated BOP statement for the quarter using the quarterly average exchange rate of SDR against USD. 4. The preliminary data for the first three quarters of 2019 is the sum of the formal data of the BOP for Q1 and Q2 2019 and the preliminary data for Q3 2019. 5. This table employs rounded-off numbers. 2019-11-08/en/2019/1108/1589.html
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In accordance with the Regulations of the People's Republic of China on Foreign Exchange Administration and the Announcement No. 8 [2013] of the People's Bank of China, this is to notify relevant issues regarding further facilitating investments by foreign institutional investors in domestic interbank bond markets. I. The same foreign institutional investor may, based on its own investment management need, conduct two-way non-trading transfers between the inter-bank bonds in its bonds account invested through the Qualified Foreign Institutional Investor (QFII) program or the RMB Qualified Foreign Institutional Investor (RQFII) program (collectively known as QFII/RQFII) and those in the bonds account invested directly in the inter-bank bonds market. (1) Foreign institutional investors shall apply to China Central Depository & Clearing Co., Ltd. or Shanghai Clearing House (collectively known as depositary, custodian and settlement institutions) via their domestic QFII/RQFII custodian banks or settlement agents for direct investments for non-trading transfers of the bonds they have bought from domestic interbank bond markets. For the required materials and relevant processes, please follow the business guidelines released by the depositary, custodian and settlement institutions. (2) Subsequent transactions and exchanges after the transfer shall follow relevant management requirements of subsequent channels. (3) The depositary, custodian and settlement institutions shall regularly report non-trading transfers to the People's Bank of China. II. Funds in the same foreign institutional investor's QFII/RQFII custodian account and those in its direct investment account could be transferred in two ways directly within China. (1) The foreign institutional investor shall apply to its domestic QFII/RQFII custodian bank for transferring the fund from QFII/RQFII custody account to its direct investment account, or apply to its settlement agents for direct investment for transferring the fund from its direct investment account to its QFII/RQFII custody account. (2) Upon completion of the fund transfer between QFII/RQFII and direct investment channels, subsequent transactions and exchanges shall follow relevant management requirements of subsequent channels. III. In accordance with this circular and their own responsibilities, domestic custodian banks and settlement agents shall provide services relating to non-trading transfers and fund transfers, data reporting and monitoring with regard to the bonds bought by foreign institutional investors. The domestic custodian banks and settlement agents shall report the fund transfers by foreign institutional investors to the RMB cross-border receipts and payments information management system, in accordance with the Management Measures for the RMB Cross-border Receipts and Payments Information Management System (Yinfa No. 126 [2017]), and the Circular of the General office of the People's Bank of China on Refining the Interbank Business Data Reporting Processes in the RMB Cross-border Receipts and Payments Information Management System (Yinbanfa No. 118 [2017]). IV. Investments in domestic inter-bank bonds market made by the same foreign institutional investor through the QFII/RQFII and direct divestment channels will be filed only once with the People's Bank of China Shanghai Head Office via the investor's domestic QFII/RQFII custodian bank or settlement agent for direct investment. V. Foreign central banks, international financial organizations, sovereign wealth funds shall also follow this circular for such non-trading transfers and domestic fund transfers for bonds between QFII/RQFII and direct investment channels. VI. If a foreign institutional investor opens an account under the name of the products it manages, the products shall be the same non-legal-person products. VII. This circular will become effective as of November 15, 2019. In case of any inconsistency between existing regulations and this circular, this circular shall prevail. The People's Bank of China, State Administration of Foreign Exchange September 30, 2019 2019-10-16/en/2019/1030/1584.html
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To implement the decisions and arrangements of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council to expand opening-up and create a new landscape in all-around opening-up, the People's Bank of China (PBC) and the State Administration of Foreign Exchange (SAFE) have been steadily pressing ahead with the orderly opening-up of interbank bond markets in recent years. Foreign institutional investors now can invest in China's interbank bond markets directly or through the QFII program, the RQFII program and Bond Connect. To further facilitate investments by foreign institutions and respond to high-level opening-up requirements, the PBC and the SAFE have developed the Circular on Further Facilitating Investments by Foreign Institutional Investors in Interbank Bond Markets. According to the circular, non-trading transfers will be allowed between bonds invested directly and bonds invested through the QFII or RQFII program by the same foreign investor, with direct transfers also allowed between corresponding capital accounts. Such investments by the same foreign investor through the above channels need to be filed only once. Furthermore, with approval from the State Council, the PBC and the SAFE have recently removed the restrictions on pilot countries and regions for the RQFII program, as well as on the quotas for QFIIs/RQFIIs. This shows that policies for foreign institutional investors on investing interbank markets through different channels are converged in principle. These reform initiatives have further facilitated investments by foreign institutional investors and help boost the liberalization of China's financial markets in width and depth, and in turn fuel RMB internationalization. Next, the PBC and the SAFE will continue to introduce new initiatives for optimized management in accordance with the requirements of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council to support the high-level opening-up of financial markets. (The end) 2019-10-16/en/2019/1030/1583.html
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附件：人民币合格境外机构投资者（RQFII）投资额度审批情况表（截至2019年10月31日） 2019-11-08/shenzhen/2019/1108/587.html
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2019年10月25日（星期五）下午4时，国家外汇管理局新闻发言人、总经济师、国际收支司司长王春英出席了国务院新闻办公室举行的国务院政策例行吹风会，介绍了优化外汇管理措施、促进跨境贸易投资便利化有关政策情况，并答记者问。 袭艳春: 女士们、先生们，下午好！欢迎大家出席国务院政策例行吹风会。近日，国务院常务会议确定优化外汇管理，促进跨境贸易投资便利化十二条措施，为了帮助大家更好地了解相关情况，今天我们非常高兴地邀请到国家外汇管理局新闻发言人、总经济师、国际收支司司长王春英女士，请她为大家介绍有关情况并回答记者朋友们的提问。首先，请王春英女士做介绍。 2019-10-25 16:01:34 王春英: 各位记者朋友，大家好！欢迎参加今天的政策吹风会。 首先，感谢大家长期以来对外汇管理工作的关心和支持。2019年10月23日，国务院常务会议审议通过了关于优化外汇管理、促进跨境贸易投资便利化的政策，相关文件已在国家外汇管理局网站公布。下面，我给大家简要介绍一下有关情况。 党的十九大报告作出了推动形成全面开放新格局以及实行高水平贸易和投资自由化便利化政策的战略部署，外汇局深入学习贯彻习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想，持续推进金融供给侧结构性改革，积极服务高水平对外开放。今年以来，外汇局出台了深化跨国公司资金集中运营管理改革，实施资本项目外汇收入支付便利化试点，取消合格境外机构投资者（QFII）和人民币合格境外机构投资者（RQFII）投资额度限制，货物贸易外汇收支便利化试点等多项措施，进一步优化营商环境，服务实体经济发展。 此次国务院常务会议审议通过的促进跨境贸易投资便利化外汇管理措施共有12项，包括6项跨境贸易便利化措施和6项跨境投融资便利化措施。 （一）跨境贸易便利化措施 一是扩大贸易外汇收支便利化试点。允许符合条件的银行，为信用良好的企业办理货物贸易和服务贸易外汇收支时，自主优化业务办理流程。外汇局已于2019年初在粤港澳大湾区、上海、浙江开展货物贸易外汇收支便利化试点。据试点银行反映，可节约企业单证准备和审核时间50%以上。本次改革将试点地区扩大至条件成熟的其他地区，并将试点业务范围从货物贸易外汇收支扩大至服务贸易外汇收支。 二是简化小微跨境电商企业货物贸易收支手续。允许年度货物贸易规模在20万美元以下的小微跨境电商企业，可不办理“贸易外汇收支企业名录”登记手续。预计这一政策将惠及支付机构95%以上的跨境电商企业客户。外汇局、银行将利用科技手段查验货物贸易收支真实性，强化事中事后管理。 三是优化货物贸易外汇业务报告方式。取消企业向外汇局报告业务初期进出口与外汇收支对应情况的要求。同时，贸易信贷等特殊业务报告全部实现网上办理。 四是放宽出口收入待核查账户开立。允许企业自主选择是否开立出口收入待核查账户，简化出口收入入账手续，企业贸易收入可直接进入外汇结算账户或结汇。 五是便利企业分支机构名录登记。对于有贸易外汇结算需求的企业分支机构，可参照企业法人要求办理“贸易外汇收支企业名录”登记手续。 六是允许承包工程企业境外资金集中管理。承包工程企业可将境外不同工程项目资金集中管理，调配使用，便利企业盘活境外沉淀资金，支持企业开拓多元化市场。 （二）跨境投融资便利化措施 一是允许非投资性外商投资企业依法以资本金开展境内股权投资。允许非投资性外商投资企业，即除外商投资性公司、外商投资创业投资企业和外商投资股权投资企业以外的外商投资企业，在遵守外商投资准入负面清单管理要求及符合国家宏观调控政策的前提下，依法以资本金开展境内股权投资，包括使用资本金新设子公司或并购境内其他企业等。 二是扩大资本项目收入支付便利化试点。试点企业将资本金、外债、境外上市资金等资本项目收入用于境内支付时，由试点银行按照审慎监管原则办理，无需事前逐笔提供真实性证明材料。目前，该试点已在上海、天津等12个自由贸易试验区进行，此次改革将试点范围扩大至2019年新设的6个自由贸易试验区和上海市全辖。 三是便利部分资本项目外汇资金结汇使用。境内机构或个人向境外投资者转让境内企业股权时，可直接在银行办理转让对价款结汇使用手续，无需提交资金使用的证明材料。境外投资者为竞标或达成交易而汇入的保证金，在竞标成功或交易达成后，可直接用于其境内合法出资或支付对价，也可结汇支付，无需原路退回。 四是改革企业外债登记管理。将企业外债注销登记由外汇局办理改为直接到银行办理，取消企业需在1个月内办理外债注销登记手续的时间要求。拟先行在粤港澳大湾区、海南试点取消非金融企业外债借入逐笔登记要求，试点地区企业可到所在地外汇局办理一次性外债登记，并在净资产2倍内自行借、用、还外债资金。 五是取消资本项目外汇账户开户数量限制。企业在符合审慎监管要求情况下，可在银行开立多个账户，满足企业不同资金管理需求。 六是推进境内信贷资产对外转让试点。按照风险可控、审慎管理原则，拟在粤港澳大湾区、海南试点，将可跨境转出的信贷资产范围，从银行不良债权扩大至贸易融资。 下面，欢迎大家就政策有关内容提问。 2019-10-25 16:07:25 袭艳春: 谢谢王春英女士，请大家提问，提问前还是请通报一下所在的新闻机构。 2019-10-25 16:08:16 中央电视台记者: 我关心的就是在当下这个时间点，我们推出优化跨境贸易投资外汇管理便利化的政策是有什么样的考虑，然后您如何评价这次改革的意义？谢谢。 2019-10-25 16:17:54 王春英: 谢谢。我想对于这个问题应该从这个方面跟大家交流。党中央、国务院高度重视外贸外资工作。习近平总书记多次强调，要促进贸易和投资便利化，做好稳外贸、稳外资等“六稳”工作，保持经济持续健康发展。李克强总理明确要求，要推动形成全面开放新格局，加大吸引外资力度，促进外贸稳中提质。今年政府工作报告中明确提出，推进全方位对外开放，促进贸易和投资自由化便利化。韩正、胡春华、刘鹤、肖捷等国务院领导同志也多次作出指示批示。 按照党中央、国务院的决策部署，外汇局在充分调研与前期试点的基础上，研究推出12项跨境贸易投资便利化政策措施，着力提升外汇管理服务实体经济的水平，促进贸易投资便利化和经济高质量发展。 从这次改革的意义上看，此次改革，是“放管服”改革和金融供给侧结构性改革的进一步深化，主要体现为外汇管理方式的优化，办事流程的简化，有利于拓宽资金使用渠道，支持境内企业拓展对外贸易投资，提升跨境贸易投资便利化水平；同时，也将进一步减轻企业负担、激发市场活力、释放政策红利。昨天世行也公布了全球营商环境评估排名，中国的名次获得了大幅提升，已到了31位，提升了15位。这次外汇管理的便利化措施，将为境内企业和境外投资者创业创新活动提供更好的营商环境。这就是推出一揽子优化外汇管理，促进跨境贸易投资便利化改革措施的一个主要考虑，对它的意义我们是这样来评价的。谢谢。 2019-10-25 16:18:19 经济日报记者: 对于当前外贸企业所面临的外部挑战，请问此次改革将为这些外贸企业带来哪些便利和支持呢？谢谢。 2019-10-25 16:37:33 王春英: 对于您这个问题，我想从12项的政策措施来看，这里面有6项是直接涉及到企业的贸易方面的内容。外汇局这次主要也是出于为外贸企业增便利、降成本考虑。面对当前非常复杂的外部环境，今年以来外汇局认真贯彻落实党中央、国务院的各项决策部署，不断深化“放管服”改革和金融供给侧结构性改革，帮助企业节约成本，提高外汇资金使用效率，支持外贸企业发展。 这次改革将赋予银行和外贸企业更多的自主权。这次跨境贸易外汇管理政策调整，不论是扩大贸易外汇收支便利化试点，还是简化小微跨境电商企业贸易收支手续或者是优化业务报告方式等等，主要是赋予银行和企业更多的自主权，从而实现传递一种这样的理念，也就是说诚信企业更加便利、小微企业更加简便、业务报告更加便捷、账户使用更加自主、登记手续更加清晰、资金使用更加高效。 我想就这个问题跟您做一个解释或者是介绍，比如说我们在总结前期货物贸易收支便利化试点时，试点企业表示，收付汇的效率大幅提高，节约了单证准备时间和人力成本。在“不忘初心、牢记使命”主题教育过程中，广泛征求了企业意见，其他企业也提出试点的要求，所以这给了我们特别大的动力来推动这一次的改革。 这次跨境贸易外汇管理政策的调整，不仅为企业增便利、降成本，也是赋予银行和外贸企业更多自主权，同时切实贯彻落实党中央、国务院关于深化“放管服”和金融供给侧结构性改革，做好稳外贸、稳外资等“六稳”工作，不断改善营商环境，积极贯彻落实好党中央、国务院的这些决策部署。我们也考虑把“不忘初心、牢记使命”这个主题教育不断地深入进行下去，所以我想这个是对你这个问题的一个回答。谢谢。 2019-10-25 16:37:49 中新社记者: 您刚刚提到，在前期试点的基础上将进一步扩大资本项目收入支付便利化试点，能否请您简要介绍一下前期试点的情况及政策效果？谢谢。 2019-10-25 16:38:11 王春英: 谢谢你的提问。我想跟您先介绍一下关于资本项目收入支付便利化前期试点的基本情况。根据现行外汇管理规定，企业办理资本项目收入（主要是资本金、外债、境外上市收入）支付使用时，应在支付时逐笔向银行提交真实性证明材料用于交易真实性合规性审核。为落实“放管服”改革要求，更好服务实体经济，外汇局自2017年起开展了资本项目收入支付便利化试点。 试点核心内容是：试点企业资本项目收入（含结汇所得人民币）用于境内支付使用时，银行无需事前逐笔审核交易单证，可凭支付指令直接办理。截至目前，已在上海、天津等12个自由贸易试验区及福建省、浙江省、江苏省、深圳市、宁波市等地区开展试点。 试点政策效果良好。资本项目收入支付便利化试点开展以来，受到银行、企业、市场机构等多方欢迎。一方面，试点政策切实有效提高了企业外汇资金使用便利化程度。 据某一个知名会计师事务所对浙江自贸区挂牌运行两年间的制度创新评估中指出，该试点是深化金融领域开放5项创新成果中评价最高的措施之一，也是自贸区70项高含金量的创新举措之一。另一方面，该试点政策有效落实了中央“稳外资”精神，满足了市场主体与日俱增的政策诉求，进一步改善了营商环境。 此次改革后，资本项目收入支付便利化试点范围将进一步扩大至2019年新设的6个自由贸易试验区和上海市全辖，后续外汇局将及时总结试点经验，继续在有实际需求的特殊经济区域及涉外经济较为活跃的地区推进试点，并适时推广至全国。这个是我对你这个问题的一个回应，谢谢。 2019-10-25 16:38:30 香港商业电台: 可否请您介绍一下9月份我国外汇收支运行的特点，下一步的变化将会如何？谢谢。 2019-10-25 16:53:10 王春英: 我们刚刚在外汇局的外汇收支数据发布会上已经介绍了形势，而且我们的数据已经在网站上公布了，有关形势的问题您可以上我们的网站上看一看。如果后续还有问题，可以再跟我们的新闻部门进行交流。 2019-10-25 16:53:30 袭艳春: 因为刚刚的发布会是1:30举行的，发布会后相关内容会上网，可能您在来的路上没有注意到，会后可以查一下，有后续的问题我们很乐意给您提供解答。 2019-10-25 16:53:54 中央广播电视总台国广记者: 我们看到在跨境投融资便利化措施当中，有一条是允许非投资性的外商投资企业开展境内股权投资，能不能请发言人具体介绍一下这方面的情况，谢谢。 2019-10-25 16:54:25 王春英: 我们有一项政策是取消非投资性外商投资企业资本金境内股权投资的限制，您问的问题是这个。 我想先跟您介绍一下改革前的情况，我们再对比一下改革后有什么变化。改革以前是投资性的外商投资企业，可以依法依规以资本金开展境内股权投资。什么叫投资性外商投资企业？主要就是包括外商投资性公司、外商投资创业投资企业和外商投资股权投资企业。在这次改革之前，这些投资性的外商投资企业都可以依法依规以资本金开展境内的股权投资，所有的外商投资企业也可以将境内取得的合法利润进行境内再投资。从2015年起，外汇局取消了外商投资企业利润再投资的核准，如果其他的非投资性外商投资企业经营范围内含“投资”字样，也可以将资本金原币划转或者结汇开展境内股权投资。但是如果经营范围内不包括“投资”的字样，那么就不得开展境内股权投资。 改革以后，我们是允许非投资性的外商投资企业在不违反现行的外商投资准入特别管理措施且境内所投的项目是真实的、合规的这个前提下，无论它的经营范围内是否含“投资”字样，都可以依法以资本金原币或者结汇开展境内股权投资。 也就是说从这次政策出台以后，所有类型的外商投资企业都可以资本金依法依规，在符合外商投资准入特别管理以及境内所投项目真实合规的情况下，进行股权投资了。 对这个政策效果我们也做了评估，全国目前登记的外商投资企业是37万多家，其中投资性的外商投资企业不到3000家，所以非投资性的外商投资企业占比是超过了99%，因此这一政策应该说惠及的企业面是非常广的，我们觉得上述改革措施的实施会极大地便利非投资性外商投资企业资本金使用，以及开展境内股权投资，特别是投资产业链上下游的企业，我们觉得这方面会有很大的帮助。这是我的回应，谢谢。 2019-10-25 16:55:06 香港南华早报记者: 想请问一下关于人民币资本账户这方面，人民币资本账户的完全开放现在有没有大概的一个时间表？之前大家预期说人民币资本账户自由兑换可能在2020年实现，现在是不是有望在2020年实现？中美最新一轮贸易谈判里面，在汇率领域取得了实质性进展，不知道双方在这个领域达成了哪些具体的共识？谢谢。 2019-10-25 16:58:24 袭艳春: 我们的主题已经拉开了一些了。 2019-10-25 16:58:38 王春英: 而且提了两个问题。我想您也提到了中美贸易谈判，说汇率问题纳入其中。据我们所了解，在新一轮的中美高级别的磋商中，双方在两国元首重要共识的指导下，就共同关心的经贸问题做了非常坦诚的、高效的，而且是建设性的讨论，双方讨论的方面包括农业、知识产权保护、汇率、金融服务、扩大贸易合作、技术转让、争端解决等领域，在这些领域都取得了非常实质性的进展。 对于人民币汇率问题，我们将坚持以市场供求为基础，参考一篮子货币进行调节、有管理的浮动汇率制度，保持人民币汇率在合理均衡水平上的基本稳定。我想关于汇率问题就想做这样的回应。 您谈到的资本项目开放的时间表的问题，据我所知没有时间表，谈资本项目开放也可以说一直在路上，在这个过程中会持续推进跨境贸易投资的自由化和便利化，稳步推动资本项目开放。在资本项目开放方面，我们想主要的考虑就是会统筹经济的发展阶段和金融市场的状况、金融稳定性的要求，我们统筹交易环节和汇兑环节的协调，以金融市场双向开放为重点有序地推进资本项目的开放，进一步地提高可兑换项目的便利化水平。 我们会适度地扩大证券公司结售汇业务试点来增加外汇市场的参与主体，丰富外汇交易品种，进一步提升外汇市场的深度和广度以及活跃度。第二方面会考虑支持科创板的健康发展，鼓励境外投资者参与科创板，做好“沪伦通”项下的存托凭证跨境资金管理工作。第三个就是规范境外机构境内发债的管理，完善相关的管理办法，有序推进境内债券市场的开放。 在这个过程中，我觉得还应该告诉您的就是，我们会不断地健全跨境资金流动的宏观审慎和微观监管两位一体的管理框架。宏观审慎方面会加强监测预警和响应机制，丰富我们的工具箱。我们会以公开、透明和市场化的方式逆周期调节顺周期的市场波动。在微观监管方面，我们还会坚持政策跨周期的稳定性、一致性和可预期性，同时还会严厉打击虚假、欺骗性的外汇交易违法违规活动。我想在资本项目开放应该说一直在路上。谢谢。 2019-10-25 16:58:51 中国日报记者: 请问王司长，您刚才提到了外汇局要改革企业外债的登记管理，能否详细介绍一下相关的情况。另外，预计这些措施将如何便利企业？谢谢。 2019-10-25 17:08:04 王春英: 关于外债的这项改革，主要会使借用外债的手续更加简化。我们通过发文以及刚刚给大家介绍的内容来看，这次外债的登记管理具体包括两个方面的内容，一个是外债的注销登记由原来到外汇局，改为现在到银行直接办理。第二方面就是试点取消企业外债逐笔登记的管理。这是两个方面的内容，一个是注销，一个是借、用、还的主体登记。 关于外债注销登记改革。根据现行规定，企业应该在每笔外债清偿完毕后1个月内到所在地外汇局进行外债注销登记。这次改革以后外债注销登记直接在银行办理就可以了，我们同时取消了企业办理外债注销登记是在1个月的时间限制。这个政策我们在2018年底在广东、福建和北京的中关村三个地方进行了试点，极大的便利了企业。我们了解了一下，以广东为例，广东在试点的过程中，今年以来，银行共办理外债注销登记500多笔，对应外债签约金额超过100亿美元，累计节约企业往返外汇局办理业务里程接近5万公里。这是某一个试点地区的情况，前期试点我们发现对企业来说便利性很大，而且节约了很多脚底成本，因此外债注销登记改革全面推开。 试点取消企业外债逐笔登记。从2016年开始，人民银行、外汇局就在全国范围内推出了全口径的跨境融资宏观审慎管理政策。我们取消了对企业和金融机构借用外债的事前审批。企业可以在其净资产2倍规模计算的跨境融资风险加权的余额上限范围内自主举借外债，但是企业在实际借用外债时，需要到所在地外汇局办理逐笔外债登记。针对这一管理，2019年3月份，外汇局在跨国公司跨境资金集中运营项下探索简化外债管理实行了一次性外债登记，受到了企业和银行的广泛好评。这次改革我们计划在除了跨国公司跨境资金集中运营项下，实行这个政策以外，我们计划在粤港澳大湾区和海南先行试点，允许非金融企业在按照其净资产2倍规模计算的跨境融资风险加权余额上限范围内到所在地外汇局办理一次性外债登记，然后在登记金额以内可以自行借、用、还外债资金，相关资金汇出入和结购汇等手续均可以直接在银行办理。 总体来看，上述外债登记管理改革措施将会进一步降低企业跨境融资成本。这是我的解释，谢谢。 2019-10-25 17:08:55 香港经济通记者: 我想请问一下这次的改革之中取消了外债登记管理和境外信贷资产对外转让试点都是选择了粤港澳大湾区还有海南来做试点，背后是有什么样的一些考虑呢？谢谢。 2019-10-25 17:17:39 王春英: 这次我们是促进跨境贸易投资便利化的政策，您谈到了我们为什么选择这样的地区。实际上这样的地区我们觉得无论是在跨境贸易方面，还是在投资方面，都有跟香港有关的便利化的政策，集中体现在了粤港澳大湾区相关的试点政策上，我觉得这个能够体现出我们方方面面对于粤港澳大湾区包括香港在内的地区的重视。 十二条措施里面有一些前期已经在粤港澳大湾区等地方进行试点了，比如说货物贸易外汇收支的便利化，有一些会即将在大湾区进行试点，比如说刚才说到的取消非金融企业外债借入逐笔登记的要求。我们觉得对于粤港澳大湾区这个地方是我国传统的一个外向型经济的发达地区，对外交流也很频繁，业务发展创新也很快，也有一些现代化的新兴产业，推进这个跨境贸易投资便利化能够充分发挥粤港澳综合优势，提升大湾区在国家经济发展和对外开放中的支撑引领作用，更好地服务国家重大的战略部署。 海南也是一样，海南也是党中央、国务院非常重视的一个区域，所以我们觉得在外汇管理政策方面我们会坚决贯彻落实党中央、国务院的决策部署，涉及到先行先试的试点在这些地区首先开展。 2019-10-25 17:18:11 袭艳春: 我们经常会说祖国好香港就会好，香港好祖国就会好。相信包括王司长刚才介绍的一系列的便利措施都会惠及香港的发展。再次感谢王春英女士，也谢谢大家，今天的吹风会到此结束。 2019-10-25 17:18:32 （原文载于中国网） 2019-10-31/anhui/2019/1031/1354.html