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1月15日，人民银行营业管理部（北京外汇管理部）召开2021年工作会议，学习贯彻2021年人民银行工作会议暨全国外汇管理工作会议精神，总结2020年主要工作，部署2021年工作。 会上，杨伟中主任代表营管部党委总结了2020年主要工作情况。在总行、总局正确领导下，营业管理部坚决贯彻党中央、国务院决策部署，认真按照总行党委、总局党组的工作要求，全面落实党的十九大、十九届二中、三中、四中、五中全会及中央经济工作会议精神，统筹推进金融支持疫情防控和经济社会发展，为首都“十三五”主要目标实现和高质量发展提供强有力的金融支持。 杨伟中主任指出，国内外经济形势依旧严峻复杂，结合北京实际，2021年落实好人民银行和总局工作部署，重点要把握好以下几方面。一是贯彻落实稳健的货币政策，继续狠抓落实金融支持稳企业保就业，支持实体经济发展。二是聚焦首都经济发展重点领域，着力构建金融有效支持实体经济体制机制。三是持续加强北京地区宏观审慎管理。四是提升金融治理能力，不断健全防范化解金融风险长效机制。五是全力推进“两区”建设和外汇便利化，打造高水平对外开放新高地。六是坚持“金融为民”理念，全面提升金融管理和服务精细化水平。七是深化模范机关创建，深化全面从严治党。八是加强内部管理，为高效履职提供坚实保障。 刘玉苓副主任传达了2021年全国外汇管理工作会议精神，并对进一步做好北京地区外汇管理工作提出了具体意见和要求。2021年，北京外汇管理部各部门要积极贯彻落实“一岗双责”，深化党建引领作用，坚持把各项工作放在辖区经济金融发展全局和外汇管理工作大局中去谋划推进。要以改革创新为动力，积极主动作为，推动首都金融领域改革开放向纵深发展。 一是加强监测分析和调查研究，准确认识把握当前形势。关注政治经济形势，加大热点和前瞻性研究力度。抓住重点，做好外汇市场监测评估。二是以支持“两区”建设为重点，深化首都金融业扩大开放。强化工作统筹，引导“两区”开放创新举措落实到位。结合区域实际，打造“个性化”制度高地，继续发挥好中关村示范区、大兴自贸区改革先行“试验田”作用。三是继续提升重点领域便利化水平，服务首都经济高质量发展。稳步推进更高水平贸易外汇收支便利化，继续推进私募股权投资基金跨境投资试点，进一步完善QFLP试点政策框架，深入实施QDLP试点。简化企业外债登记管理，更加充分地满足企业跨境投融资需求。四是加大外汇政策宣传力度和便利化政策落地督导。增强政策宣传工作的主动性与系统性，用好线上线下宣传平台，优化宣传方式、丰富宣传内容，打通政策宣传“最后一公里”。畅通便利化政策传导机制，压实银行主体责任，加大对便利化政策银行执行层面的检查督导力度，确保政策执行“不落空、不走样、不变形”。五是统筹发展与安全，有效维护地区外汇市场良性秩序。继续完善“宏观审慎+微观监管”两位一体管理框架，以加强宏观审慎为核心改善跨境资本流动管理，以转变监管方式、提升监管能力为核心加强微观监管，持之以恒做好跨境资本流动风险防控工作。强化提升大数据分析创新应用能力，提高数据共享、联合研判、监测预警和应急处置能力，积极筹建外汇非现场监测北京中心。扩大分析监测实效，为进一步提高外汇形势分析、防范跨境资金流动风险提供有力保障。 2021-01-18/beijing/2021/0118/1469.html
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国家外汇管理局统计数据显示，2020年11月，银行结汇11636亿元人民币，售汇11439亿元人民币，结售汇顺差197亿元人民币；按美元计值，银行结汇1761亿美元，售汇1731亿美元，结售汇顺差30亿美元。 2020年1-11月，银行累计结汇124411亿元人民币，累计售汇117985亿元人民币，累计结售汇顺差6425亿元人民币；按美元计值，银行累计结汇17956亿美元，累计售汇17034亿美元，累计结售汇顺差921亿美元。 2020年11月，银行代客涉外收入28009亿元人民币，对外付款27986亿元人民币，涉外收付款顺差23亿元人民币。2020年1-11月，银行代客累计涉外收入269043亿元人民币，累计对外付款264732亿元人民币，累计涉外收付款顺差4311亿元人民币。 按美元计值，2020年11月，银行代客涉外收入4239亿美元，对外付款4236亿美元，涉外收付款顺差4亿美元。2020年1-11月，银行代客累计涉外收入38874亿美元，累计对外付款38245亿美元，累计涉外收付款顺差629亿美元。 附：名词解释和相关说明 国际收支是指我国居民与非居民间发生的一切经济交易。 银行结售汇是指银行为客户及其自身办理的结汇和售汇业务，包括远期结售汇履约和期权行权数据，不包括银行间外汇市场交易数据。银行结售汇统计时点为人民币与外汇兑换行为发生时。其中，结汇是指外汇所有者将外汇卖给外汇指定银行，售汇是指外汇指定银行将外汇卖给外汇使用者。结售汇差额是结汇与售汇的轧差数。银行结售汇形成的差额将通过银行在银行间外汇市场买卖平盘，是引起我国外汇储备变化的主要来源之一，但其不等于同期外汇储备的增减额。 银行结售汇不按居民与非居民交易的原则进行统计，且其仅包括银行与客户及其自身之间发生的本外币买卖，即人民币和外汇的兑换交易，不同于国际收支交易的统计范围。 远期结售汇签约是指银行与客户协商签订远期结汇（售汇）合同，约定将来办理结汇（售汇）的外汇币种、金额、汇率和期限；到期外汇收入（支出）发生时，即按照远期结汇（售汇）合同订明的币种、金额、汇率办理结汇（售汇）。远期结售汇业务使得企业可提前锁定未来结汇或售汇的汇率，从而有效规避人民币汇率变动的风险。银行一般会通过银行间外汇市场来对冲远期结售汇业务形成的风险敞口。比如，当银行签订的远期结汇大于远期售汇时，银行一般会将同等金额的外汇提前在银行间外汇市场卖出，反之亦然。因而远期结售汇也是影响我国外汇储备变化的一个因素。 远期结售汇平仓是指客户因真实需求背景发生变更、无法履行资金交割义务，对原交易反向平盘，了结部分或全部远期头寸的行为。 远期结售汇展期是指客户因真实需求背景发生变更，调整原交易交割时间的行为。 本期末远期结售汇累计未到期额是指银行与客户签订的远期结汇和售汇合同在本期末仍未到期的余额；差额是指未到期远期结汇和售汇余额之差。签约额与累计未到期额之间的关系为：本期末远期结售汇累计未到期额=上期末远期结售汇累计未到期额+本期远期结售汇签约额-本期远期结售汇履约额-本期远期结售汇平仓额。 未到期期权Delta净敞口是指银行对客户办理的期权业务在本期末累计未到期合约所隐含的即期汇率风险敞口。银行为管理这部分风险敞口，在期权合约存续期间通常会在外汇市场进行对冲。 银行代客涉外收付款是指境内非银行居民机构和个人（统称非银行部门）通过境内银行与非居民机构和个人之间发生的收付款，不包括现钞收付和银行自身涉外收付款。具体包括：非银行部门和非居民之间通过境内银行发生的跨境收付款（包括外汇和人民币），以及非银行部门和非居民之间通过境内银行发生的境内收付款（暂不包括境内居民个人与境内非居民个人之间发生的人民币收付款），统计时点为客户在境内银行办理涉外收付款时。其中，银行代客涉外收入是指非银行部门通过境内银行从非居民收入的款项，银行代客对外支出是指非银行部门通过境内银行向非居民支付的款项。 银行代客涉外收付款是国际收支统计的组成部分，但其统计原则与国际收支采用的权责发生制原则不同，采用资金收付制原则，且其仅反映境内非银行部门与非居民之间的资金流动状况，不能反映实物交易和银行自身的涉外交易，统计范围小于国际收支统计。 2021-01-18/shaanxi/2021/0118/721.html
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日前，国家外汇管理局公布了2020年11月份银行结售汇和银行代客涉外收付款数据。国家外汇管理局副局长、新闻发言人王春英就2020年11月份外汇收支形势回答了记者提问。 问：2020年11月份我国外汇收支形势有何变化？ 答：11月份我国外汇市场运行稳健，跨境收支交易趋于自主平衡。从主要指标表现看，银行结售汇顺差30亿美元，非银行部门跨境收支顺差4亿美元，显示当前外汇市场交易理性有序，跨境资金流动总体均衡。11月末，外汇储备余额31785亿美元，规模保持基本稳定。 市场主体结售汇意愿总体平稳。11月，衡量企业结汇意愿的结汇率，也就是客户向银行卖出外汇与客户涉外外汇收入之比为63%，与上年同期基本持平；衡量购汇意愿的售汇率，也就是客户从银行买汇与客户涉外外汇支出之比为65%，同比略降1个百分点。 主要渠道跨境资金流动有增有减、合理分化。11月，在海关进出口顺差增长带动下，货物贸易结售汇顺差同比增加55亿美元；服务贸易结售汇逆差同比收窄56亿美元，继续保持低位；跨境双向直接投资保持活跃，资金净流入规模与上年同期基本持平；股票项下双向投资基本稳定，其中“陆股通”渠道外资净买入A股579亿元人民币，“港股通”渠道居民净买入H股601亿元人民币。 当前，外汇市场运行平稳有序，跨境资金流动双向均衡，但新冠肺炎疫情发展和外部环境仍存在诸多不确定性，金融机构和企业要树立“风险中性”意识，管理好经营风险。 2021-01-18/shaanxi/2021/0118/722.html
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为进一步便利银行、企业等主体更好开展数据核查与自查工作，近日，外汇局汉中市中心支局积极组织业务人员及辖内两家直接申报主体从业人员，认真学习《对外金融资产负债及交易统计核查规则（2020年版）》（汇综发〔2020〕94号文印发，以下简称《核查规则（2020年版）》）文件精神和各项规则，并在日常工作中严格按照文件要求做好相关数据申报及审核工作，切实提高对外金融资产负债及交易统计数据质量。 《核查规则（2020年版）》新增并细化了要素间逻辑关系的校验规则，明确了部分数值型要素的校验规则。通过认真组织学习《核查规则（2020年版）》，外汇局汉中市中心支局进一步规范了对外金融资产负债及交易统计核查工作，帮助辖区直接申报主体从业人员减少业务差错。今后外汇局汉中市中心支局将不断加强业务学习，稳步提高辖区国际收支统计申报数据质量。 2021-01-18/shaanxi/2021/0118/726.html
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为进一步提高对外金融资产负债及交易统计数据的准确性，便利银行、企业等申报主体更好开展数据质量核查与自查工作，日前，国家外汇管理局修订并发布《对外金融资产负债及交易统计核查规则（2020年版）》（汇综发〔2020〕94号文印发，以下简称《核查规则（2020年版）》）。 《核查规则（2020年版）》主要修订内容包括：一是新增并细化要素间逻辑关系的校验规则和维度。二是对于已在《金融机构外汇业务数据采集规范（1.2版）》（汇发〔2019〕1号）中实现的校验规则，不再重复体现。三是明确部分数值型要素的校验规则。 《核查规则（2020年版）》自发布之日起实施。（完） 2021-01-18/shaanxi/2021/0118/724.html
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国家外汇管理局统计数据显示，2020年11月，中国外汇市场（不含外币对市场，下同）总计成交18.99万亿元人民币（等值2.87万亿美元）。其中，银行对客户市场成交2.75万亿元人民币（等值0.42万亿美元），银行间市场成交16.24万亿元人民币（等值2.46万亿美元）；即期市场累计成交8.08万亿元人民币（等值1.22万亿美元），衍生品市场累计成交10.91万亿元人民币（等值1.65万亿美元）。 2020年1-11月，中国外汇市场累计成交183.73万亿元人民币（等值26.53万亿美元）。 2021-01-18/shaanxi/2021/0118/725.html
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The State Administration of Foreign Exchange (SAFE) has recently released the Balance of Payments (BOP) for the third quarter and the first three quarters of 2020 as well as the International Investment Position (IIP) as at the end of September 2020. The SAFE deputy administrator and press spokesperson Wang Chunying answered media questions on relevant issues. Q: Could you brief us on China's balance of payments for the first three quarters of 2020? A: In the first three quarters, the current account surplus hit US$168.7 billion, with its ratio to GDP reaching 1.6%, which fell within a reasonable and balanced range. Cross-border capital flows remained generally stable, and investment and financing continued to be fairly stable. First, trade in goods recorded a higher surplus and trade in services registered a narrower deficit. Trade in goods in the Balance of Payments recorded a surplus of US$340.2 billion, up by 12% year on year, mainly driven by the better-than-expected imports and exports under trade in goods. Trade in services registered a deficit of US$116.8 billion, down by 42% year on year, primarily driven by less cross-border trips during COVID-19 outbreak, with deficit in travel narrowing by 46% from the same period last year. Second, outbound investment and foreign investment in China (excluding reserve assets) were both robust. Inflows and outflows were witnessed under cross-border transactions like direct investment, portfolio investment, deposits and loans. Transactions by foreign investors to hold renminbi assets and by domestic players to allocate global assets were both brisk. In the first three quarters, outbound investment outgrew foreign investment. Assets under the financial account excluding reserve assets grew by US$408 billion net, or an increase of 1.7 times year on year, while external liabilities grew by US$337.6 billion net and became twice that of a year earlier. Overall, China is the only major economy sustaining positive growth this year, but due to considerable uncertainties in COVID-19 and external environment, the foundation for economic recovery has not been solid enough. China’s balance of payments is expected to remain generally stable and balanced throughout the year. Q: What would you say about China's international investment position at the end of 2020? A: By the end of September 2020, China’s international investment position was generally robust. Driven by transactions, changes in asset prices and foreign exchange rate conversion, external financial assets and liabilities both grew and reserve assets remained generally stable. Firstly, the total size of external financial assets increased. By the end of September 2020, China posted external assets of US$8.1666 trillion, up by 3.9% quarter on quarter. Among this, assets under direct investment were US$2.1643 trillion, gaining 1.9%; assets under portfolio investment were US$772.8 billion, up by 10.3%; assets under other investments including overseas deposits and loans hit US$1.9340 trillion, representing an increase of 8.5%; and reserve assets amounted to US$3.2812 trillion, rising by 1.2%. Secondly, total external liabilities went up. By the end of September 2020, China recorded external liabilities of US$6.0128 trillion, up by 6.2% quarter on quarter. Among this, liabilities under direct investment were US$3.1068 trillion, an increase of 5.4%; liabilities under portfolio investment were US$1.5069 trillion, up by 9.3%; and liabilities under other investments including deposits and loans absorbed reached US$1.3878 trillion, rising by 4.8%. 2020-12-25/en/2020/1225/1788.html
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The State Administration of Foreign Exchange (SAFE) has recently released the data on external debt at the end of September 2020. The SAFE deputy administrator and press spokesperson Wang Chunying answered media questions on China’s recent external debt situations. Q: Could you brief us on China's external debt for the third quarter of 2020? A: China witnessed continuous growth in external debt for the third quarter of 2020. By the end of September, the full-scale outstanding external debt (including domestic and foreign currencies) hit US$2.2944 trillion, up by US$162 billion or 7.6% quarter on quarter. The growth in external debt was primarily driven by the increase in debt securities. The external debt structure continued to be optimized. As for the type of currency and term structure, the external debt denominated in domestic currency accounted for 39% and mid and long-term external debt, 44%, both rising by one percentage point quarter on quarter. Q: What would you say about China's external debt situations? A: The increase in external debt is aligned with China’s efforts to constantly expand opening-up and its gradual economic recovery. First, international investors have increased their holdings of domestic bonds in a continuous and stable manner, driving external debt under debt securities to rise. In September 2020, FTSE Russell announced to include Chinese Government Bonds in the FTSE World Government Bond Index (WGBI). As for investor entities in debt securities, mainly overseas central banks who allocate long-term assets, are stable to a certain extent. Second, China’s foreign trade has been stabilized with good momentum quarter by quarter, growing at 7.5% in the third quarter year on year, turning its cumulative growth rate from negative to positive. The associated trade credit and prepayment increased by US$25.7 billion, or 8% on a quarterly basis. External debt is expected to stay stable in the future. Despite COVID-19 pandemic and considerable uncertainties in the external environment, China’s economic fundamentals remain favorable for long-term growth, and a general equilibrium is maintained in its balance of payments, which is favorable for the stability of external debt position. Going forward, while advancing reform and opening-up in foreign exchange field, the SAFE will take solid steps to prevent risks arising from cross-border capital flows and safeguard China’s economic and financial security. 2020-12-25/en/2020/1225/1789.html
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The State Administration of Foreign Exchange (SAFE) has recently released the data on foreign exchange settlement and sales by banks and cross-border receipts and payments by non-banking sectors for November 2020. Wang Chunying, the SAFE’s deputy administrator and press spokesperson, answered media questions on foreign exchange receipts and payments for November 2020. Q: Could you brief us on the changes in China's foreign exchange receipts and payments for November 2020? A: China’s foreign exchange market remained robust in November, with cross-border receipts and payments at an adaptive, balanced level. The major indicators show that banks registered a surplus of US$3 billion in foreign exchange settlement and sales, and non-banking sectors recorded a surplus of US$400 million in cross-border receipts and payments. This indicates transactions on the foreign exchange market are rational and orderly at present with generally balanced cross-border capital flows. By the end of November, the balance of foreign exchange reserves was US$3.1785 trillion, which was basically stable. Generally, market players’ willingness to settle and sell foreign exchange remained stable. In November, the foreign exchange settlement ratio that measures the willingness to settle foreign exchange, or the ratio of foreign exchange sold by customers to banks to customers’ foreign-related foreign exchange receipts, was 63%, consistent with that for the same period of the previous year. The foreign exchange sales ratio, a measure of market players' willingness to purchase foreign exchange, or the ratio of purchase of foreign exchange by customers from banks to the customers' foreign-related foreign exchange payments, was 65%, down slightly by one percentage point year on year. Cross-border capital flows through major channels registered both increases and decreases, showing rational differentiation. In November, driven by foreign trade surplus recorded by the customs, the surplus in foreign exchange settlement and sales under trade in goods registered gains of US$5.5 billion on a year-on-year basis; and the deficit in foreign exchange settlement and sales under trade in services decreased by US$5.6 billion year on year and remained low. Cross-border two-way direct investment remained robust, with net capital inflows consistent with the level of the same period of the previous year. Two-way stock investments stayed stable. Foreign investors bought A-shares worth renminbi 57.9 billion net through northbound trading, and domestic residents bought H-shares worth renminbi 60.1 billion net through southbound trading. Currently the foreign exchange market is stable and orderly, with cross-border capital flows in two-way equilibrium. However, given the spread of COVID-19 and considerable uncertainties in external environment, financial institutions and enterprises need to raise the risk-neutral awareness and effectively manage their operational risks. 2020-12-18/en/2020/1218/1787.html
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Q: The State Administration of Foreign Exchange (SAFE) has just released the latest data on China's foreign exchange reserves. Could you explain why such changes occurred in December 2020? What will be the future trends? A: China’s foreign exchange reserves hit US$3.2165 trillion by the end of December 2020, up by US$38 billion or 1.2% month on month. In December, China’s foreign exchange market remained stable on the whole, witnessing rational and orderly market transactions. In global financial markets, due to COVID-19 vaccinations as well as monetary and fiscal policies of the major countries, the US Dollar Index fell, while non-dollar currencies and asset prices of the major countries picked up. As China’s foreign exchange reserves are denominated in the US dollar, the non-dollar currencies increased in value after converted into the US dollars, which, coupled with increase in asset prices, contributed to expanding foreign exchange reserves of the month. Looking ahead, as the world economic conditions are complex and challenging, and risks associated with the COVID-19 pandemic cannot be overlooked, global financial markets will still remain considerable uncertainties. But China’s foreign exchange market has the potential to remain at a stable, balanced level and its foreign exchange reserves will be broadly stable. 2021-01-07/en/2021/0107/1790.html