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2020年1-2月，我国国际收支口径的国际货物和服务贸易收入21943亿元，支出24569亿元，逆差2626亿元。其中，货物贸易收入19556亿元，支出19917亿元，逆差361亿元；服务贸易收入2387亿元，支出4652亿元，逆差2266亿元。 按美元计值，2020年1-2月，我国国际收支口径的国际货物和服务贸易收入3153亿美元，支出3531亿美元，逆差377亿美元。其中，货物贸易收入2810亿美元，支出2862亿美元，逆差52亿美元；服务贸易收入343亿美元，支出669亿美元，逆差326亿美元。（完） 中国国际货物和服务贸易（国际收支口径） 2020年1-2月 项目 按人民币计值 （亿元） 按美元计值 （亿美元） 货物和服务贸易差额 贷方 借方 -2,626 -377 21,943 3,153 -24,569 -3,531 1.货物贸易差额 贷方 借方 -361 -52 19,556 2,810 -19,917 -2,862 2.服务贸易差额 -2,266 -326 贷方 2,387 343 借方 -4,652 -669 2.1加工服务差额 158 23 贷方 163 23 借方 -5 -1 2.2维护和维修服务差额 42 6 贷方 68 10 借方 -26 -4 2.3运输差额 -530 -76 贷方 467 67 借方 -997 -143 2.4旅行差额 -2,089 -300 贷方 237 34 借方 -2,326 -334 2.5建设差额 12 2 贷方 101 14 借方 -89 -13 2.6保险和养老金服务差额 -62 -9 贷方 33 5 借方 -95 -14 2.7金融服务差额 15 2 贷方 38 5 借方 -23 -3 2.8知识产权使用费差额 -169 -24 贷方 90 13 借方 -259 -37 2.9电信、计算机和信息服务差额 11 2 贷方 347 50 借方 -335 -48 2.10其他商业服务差额 388 56 贷方 819 118 借方 -430 -62 2.11个人、文化和娱乐服务差额 -23 -3 贷方 8 1 借方 -31 -4 2.12别处未提及的政府服务差额 -19 -3 贷方 17 2 借方 -36 -5 注： 1. 本表所称货物和服务贸易与国际收支平衡表中的货物和服务口径一致，是指居民与非居民之间发生的交易。月度数据为初步数据，可能与国际收支平衡表中的季度数据不一致。 2. 国际货物和服务贸易数据按美元编制，当月人民币计值数据由美元数据按月均人民币对美元中间价折算得到。 3. 本表计数采用四舍五入原则。 指标解释： 货物和服务贸易：是指居民与非居民之间发生的货物贸易和服务贸易交易，与国际收支平衡表的口径相同。 1．货物贸易: 指经济所有权在我国居民与非居民之间发生转移的货物交易。贷方记录货物出口，借方记录货物进口。货物账户数据主要来源于海关进出口统计，但与海关统计存在以下主要区别：一是国际收支中的货物只记录所有权发生了转移的货物（如一般贸易、进料加工贸易等贸易方式的货物），所有权未发生转移的货物（如来料加工或出料加工贸易）不纳入货物统计，而纳入服务贸易统计；二是计价方面，国际收支统计要求进出口货值均按离岸价格记录，海关出口货值为离岸价格，但进口货值为到岸价格，因此国际收支统计从海关进口货值中调出国际运保费支出，并纳入服务贸易统计；三是补充了海关未统计的转手买卖下的货物净出口数据。 2．服务贸易：包括加工服务，维护和维修服务，运输，旅行，建设，保险和养老金服务，金融服务，知识产权使用费，电信、计算机和信息服务，其他商业服务，个人、文化和娱乐服务以及别处未提及的政府服务。贷方记录提供的服务，借方记录接受的服务。 2.1加工服务：又称“对他人拥有的实物投入的制造服务”，指货物的所有权没有在所有者和加工方之间发生转移，加工方仅提供加工、装配、包装等服务，并从货物所有者处收取加工服务费用。贷方记录我国居民为非居民拥有的实物提供的加工服务。借方记录我国居民接受非居民的加工服务。 2.2维护和维修服务：指居民或非居民向对方所拥有的货物和设备（如船舶、飞机及其他运输工具）提供的维修和保养工作。贷方记录我国居民向非居民提供的维护和维修服务。借方记录我国居民接受的非居民维护和维修服务。 2.3运输：指将人和物体从一地点运送至另一地点的过程以及相关辅助和附属服务，以及邮政和邮递服务。贷方记录居民向非居民提供的国际运输、邮政快递等服务。借方记录居民接受的非居民国际运输、邮政快递等服务。 2.4旅行：指旅行者在其作为非居民的经济体旅行期间消费的物品和购买的服务。贷方记录我国居民向在我国境内停留不足一年的非居民以及停留期限不限的非居民留学人员和就医人员提供的货物和服务。借方记录我国居民境外旅行、留学或就医期间购买的非居民货物和服务。 2.5建设服务：指建筑形式的固定资产的建立、翻修、维修或扩建，工程性质的土地改良、道路、桥梁和水坝等工程建筑，相关的安装、组装、油漆、管道施工、拆迁和工程管理等，以及场地准备、测量和爆破等专项服务。贷方记录我国居民在经济领土之外提供的建设服务。借方记录我国居民在我国经济领土内接受的非居民建设服务。 2.6保险和养老金服务：指各种保险服务，以及同保险交易有关的代理商的佣金。贷方记录我国居民向非居民提供的人寿保险和年金、非人寿保险、再保险、标准化担保服务以及相关辅助服务。借方记录我国居民接受非居民的人寿保险和年金、非人寿保险、再保险、标准化担保服务以及相关辅助服务。 2.7金融服务：指金融中介和辅助服务，但不包括保险和养老金服务项目所涉及的服务。贷方记录我国居民向非居民提供的金融中介和辅助服务。借方记录我国居民接受非居民的金融中介和辅助服务。 2.8知识产权使用费：指居民和非居民之间经许可使用无形的、非生产/非金融资产和专有权以及经特许安排使用已问世的原作或原型的行为。贷方记录我国居民向非居民提供的知识产权相关服务。借方记录我国居民使用的非居民知识产权服务。 2.9电信、计算机和信息服务：指居民和非居民之间的通信服务以及与计算机数据和新闻有关的服务交易，但不包括以电话、计算机和互联网为媒介交付的商业服务。贷方记录本国居民向非居民提供的电信服务、计算机服务和信息服务。借方记录本国居民接受非居民提供的电信服务、计算机服务和信息服务。 2.10其他商业服务: 指居民和非居民之间其他类型的服务，包括研发服务，专业和管理咨询服务，技术、贸易相关等服务。贷方记录我国居民向非居民提供的其他商业服务。借方记录我国居民接受的非居民其他商业服务。 2.11个人、文化娱乐服务:指居民和非居民之间与个人、文化和娱乐有关的服务交易，包括视听和相关服务（电影、收音机、电视节目和音乐录制品），其他个人、文化娱乐服务（健康、教育等）。贷方记录我国居民向非居民提供的相关服务。借方记录我国居民接受的非居民相关服务。 2.12别处未提及的政府服务：指在其他货物和服务类别中未包括的政府和国际组织提供和购买的各项货物和服务。贷方记录我国居民向非居民提供的别处未涵盖的货物和服务。借方记录我国居民向非居民购买的别处未涵盖的货物和服务。 2020-03-27/safe/2020/0327/15826.html
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In the fourth quarter of 2019, China's current account registered a surplus of RMB 285.0 billion, and the capital and financial accounts recorded a surplus of RMB 155.0 billion. The financial account (excluding reserve assets) recorded a surplus of RMB 111.0 billion, and reserve assets decreased by RMB 44.0 billion. In 2019, China's current account registered a surplus of RMB 976.8 billion, and the capital and financial accounts recorded a surplus of RMB 388.4 billion.The financial account ( excluding reserve assets) recorded a surplus of RMB 254.5 billion, and reserve assets decreased by RMB 136.2 billion. In the US dollar terms, in the fourth quarter, China's current account recorded a surplus of USD 40.5 billion, including a surplus of USD 122.0 billion under trade in goods, a deficit of USD 59.4 billion under trade in services, a deficit of USD 24.7 billion under primary income and a surplus of USD 2.6 billion under secondary income. The capital and financial accounts registered a surplus of USD 22.0 billion, including a deficit of USD 2 million under the capital account, and a surplus of USD 15.8 billion under the financial account (excluding reserve assets), and reserves assets decreased by USD 6.3 billion. In the US dollar terms, in 2019, China's current account recorded a surplus of USD 141.3 billion, including a surplus of USD 425.3 billion under trade in goods, a deficit of USD 261.1 billion under trade in services, a deficit of USD 33.0 billion under primary income and a surplus of USD 10.3 billion under secondary income. The capital and financial accounts recorded a surplus of USD 56.7 billion, including a deficit of USD 300 million under the capital account, a surplus of USD 37.8 billion under the financial account (excluding reserve assets), and reserves assets decreased by USD 19.3 billion. In SDR terms, in the fourth quarter, China posted a surplus of SDR 29.5 billion under the current account, and a surplus of SDR 16.0 billion under the capital and financial accounts. The financial account (excluding reserve assets) registered a surplus of SDR 11.5 billion, and reserves assets decreased by SDR 4.5 billion. In SDR terms, in 2019, China posted a surplus of SDR 102.4 billion underthe current account, and a surplus of SDR 40.9 billion under the capital and financial accounts. The financial account (excluding reserve assets) registered a surplus of SDR 27.1 billion, and reserves assets decreased by SDR 14.1 billion. The SAFE has revised the BOP data for each quarter since 2018 according to the latest data and released it through the section of "Data andStatistics" at the official website of the SAFE. In addition, in order to facilitate understanding of the data of Balance of Payments among all social groups, the BOP Analysis Team of the SAFE released China’s Balance of Payments Report 2019. (End) AbridgedBalance of Payments, Q4 2019 Item Line No. RMB 100 million USD 100 million SDR 100 million 1. Current Account 1 2,850 405 295 Credit 2 53,943 7,672 5,579 Debit 3 -51,093 -7,266 -5,284 1. A Goods and Services 4 4,402 626 455 Credit 5 50,246 7,146 5,196 Debit 6 -45,845 -6,520 -4,741 1.A.a Goods 7 8,578 1,220 887 Credit 8 45,608 6,486 4,717 Debit 9 -37,030 -5,266 -3,830 1.A.b Services 10 -4,176 -594 -432 Credit 11 4,639 660 480 Debit 12 -8,814 -1,254 -912 1.B Primary Income 13 -1,736 -247 -180 Credit 14 3,238 461 335 Debit 15 -4,974 -707 -514 1.C Secondary Income 16 184 26 19 Credit 17 458 65 47 Debit 18 -274 -39 -28 2. Capital and Financial Account 19 1,550 220 160 2.1 Capital Account 20 0 0 0 Credit 21 4 1 0 Debit 22 -4 -1 0 2.2 Financial Account 23 1,550 220 160 Assets 24 -4,305 -612 -445 Liabilities 25 5,854 833 605 2.2.1 Financial Account Excluding Reserve Assets 26 1,110 158 115 2.2.1.1 Direct Investment 27 1,971 280 204 Assets 28 -1,986 -282 -205 Liabilities 29 3,957 563 409 2.2.1.2 Portfolio Investment 30 1,048 149 108 Assets 31 -1,844 -262 -191 Liabilities 32 2,892 411 299 2.2.1.3 Financial Derivatives (other than reserves) and Employee Stock Options 33 -96 -14 -10 Assets 34 -84 -12 -9 Liabilities 35 -12 -2 -1 2.2.1.4 Other Investment 36 -1,812 -258 -187 Assets 37 -830 -118 -86 Liabilities 38 -983 -140 -102 2.2.2 Reserve Assets 39 440 63 45 3. Net Errors and Omissions 40 -4,399 -626 -455 Notes: 1. Thestatement is compiled according to BPM6. Reserve assets are included in capitaland financial accounts. 2."Credit" is presented as positive value while "debit" asnegative value, and the difference is the sum of the "Credit" and the"Debit". All items herein refer to difference, unless marked with"Credit" or "Debit". 3. The RMBdenominated quarterly BOP data is converted from the USD denominated BOP datafor the quarter using the quarterly average middle rate of RMB against USD. Thequarterly accumulated RMB denominated BOP data is derived from the sum total ofthe RMB denominated data for the quarters. 4. The SDRdenominated quarterly BOP data is converted from the USD denominated BOP datafor the quarter using the quarterly average middle rate of SDR against USD. Thequarterly accumulated SDR denominated BOP data is derived from the sum total ofthe SDR denominated data for the quarters. 5. Thisstatement employs rounded-off numbers. 6. Fordetailed data, please see the section of “Dataand Statistics” atthe website of the SAFE. Abridged Balance of Payments, 2019 Item Line No. RMB 100 million USD 100 million SDR 100 million 1. Current Account 1 9,768 1,413 1,024 Credit 2 200,485 29,051 21,033 Debit 3 -190,717 -27,638 -20,009 1. A Goods and Services 4 11,398 1,641 1,191 Credit 5 182,470 26,434 19,140 Debit 6 -171,072 -24,793 -17,949 1.A.a Goods 7 29,405 4,253 3,081 Credit 8 165,612 23,990 17,371 Debit 9 -136,207 -19,737 -14,290 1.A.b Services 10 -18,007 -2,611 -1,890 Credit 11 16,858 2,444 1,769 Debit 12 -34,864 -5,055 -3,659 1.B Primary Income 13 -2,336 -330 -241 Credit 14 16,228 2,358 1,706 Debit 15 -18,565 -2,688 -1,947 1.C Secondary Income 16 706 103 74 Credit 17 1,787 259 188 Debit 18 -1,080 -157 -113 2. Capital and Financial Account 19 3,884 567 409 2.1 Capital Account 20 -23 -3 -2 Credit 21 15 2 2 Debit 22 -38 -5 -4 2.2 Financial Account 23 3,907 570 412 Assets 24 -13,759 -1,987 -1,440 Liabilities 25 17,665 2,558 1,852 2.2.1 Financial Account Excluding Reserve Assets 26 2,545 378 271 2.2.1.1 Direct Investment 27 3,994 581 420 Assets 28 -6,744 -977 -707 Liabilities 29 10,738 1,558 1,127 2.2.1.2 Portfolio Investment 30 4,003 579 420 Assets 31 -6,181 -894 -648 Liabilities 32 10,184 1,474 1,067 2.2.1.3 Financial Derivatives (other than reserves) and Employee Stock Options 33 -165 -24 -17 Assets 34 94 14 10 Liabilities 35 -259 -37 -27 2.2.1.4 Other Investment 36 -5,287 -759 -551 Assets 37 -2,290 -323 -236 Liabilities 38 -2,997 -437 -315 2.2.2 Reserve Assets 39 1,362 193 141 3. Net Errors and Omissions 40 -13,652 -1,981 -1,433 Notes: 1. Thestatement is compiled according to BPM6. Reserve assets are included in capitaland financial accounts. 2."Credit" is presented as positive value while "debit" asnegative value, and the difference is the sum of the "Credit" and the"Debit". All items herein refer to difference, unless marked with"Credit" or "Debit". 3. The RMBdenominated quarterly BOP data is converted from the USD denominated BOP datafor the quarter using the quarterly average middle rate of RMB against USD. Thequarterly accumulated RMB denominated BOP data is derived from the sum total ofthe RMB denominated data for the quarters. 4. The SDRdenominated quarterly BOP data is converted from the USD denominated BOP datafor the quarter using the quarterly average exchange rate of SDR against USD.The quarterly accumulated SDR denominated BOP data is derived from the sumtotal of the SDR denominated data for the quarters. 5. Thisstatement employs rounded-off numbers. 6. Fordetailed data, please see the section of “Dataand Statistics” atthe website of the SAFE. 2020-03-27/en/2020/0327/1659.html
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As at the end of 2019, China recorded RMB 14.3519 trillion in outstanding external debt denominated in both domestic and foreign currencies (equivalent to USD 2.0573trillion, excluding those of Hong Kong SAR, Macao SAR, and Taiwan Province, the same below). With respect to the term structure, the outstanding medium-and long-term external debt was RMB 5.9435 trillion (USD 852.0 billion), accounting for 41%; while the outstanding short-term external debt was RMB 8.4084 trillion (USD 1.2053trillion), taking up 59%, including 43% trade-related credit. In terms of institutions and sectors, the outstanding debt of government totaled RMB1.8901 trillion(USD 270.9billion), accounting for 13%; the outstanding debt of the central bank totaled RMB 253.4 billion (USD 36.3 billion), accounting for 2%; the outstanding debt of banks totaled RMB 6.4037 trillion (USD 918.0 billion), taking up 45%; the outstanding debt of other sectors(including inter-company lending under direct investments) totaled RMB 5.8047 trillion (USD 832.1 billion), taking up 40%; In terms of debt instruments, the outstanding of loans was RMB 3.1784 trillion (USD 455.6 billion), accounting for 22%; the outstanding of trade credit and prepayment was RMB 2.5417 trillion (USD 364.3billion), accounting for 18%; the outstanding of currency and deposits was RMB 2.9467 trillion (USD 422.4 billion), accounting for 20%; the outstanding of debt securities was RMB 3.6928 trillion (USD 529.3 billion), accounting for 25.5%; the Special Drawing Rights (SDR) allocation amounted to RMB 67.4 billion (USD 9.7billion), accounting for 0.5%. The outstanding debt of inter-company lending under direct investments totaled RMB 1.6725 trillion (USD 239.8 billion), accounting for12%; and the outstanding of other debt liabilities was RMB 252.4billion (USD 36.2 billion), making up 2%. With respect to currency structures, the outstanding external debt in domestic currency totaled RMB 5.078 trillion (USD 727.9 billion), accounting for 35%; the outstanding external debt in foreign currencies (including SDR allocation) totaled RMB 9.2739 trillion (USD 1.3294 trillion), accounting for 65%. In the total outstanding registered external debt in foreign currencies, the USD debt accounted for 83%, the Euro debt accounted for 8%, the HKD debt accounted for5%, the JPY debt accounted for 2%, the SDR and other foreign currency-denominated external debt accounted for 2%. As at the end of 2019，the liability ratio was 14.3 percent, the debt ratio was 77.8 percent, the debt servicing ratio was 6.7 percent, and the ratio of short-term external debt to foreign exchange reserves was 38.8 percent. China’s major external debt metrics were all within the internationally recognized thresholds,indicating that the external debt risk is controllable on the whole. In addition, SAFE revised the outstanding external debt data from the end of 2018 to the end of September 2019 based on the latest data of the distributed and unremitted profits of foreign-invested enterprises, and released it in the "Data and Statistics" column of the SAFE's official website. For the interpretation of China's outstanding external debt data at the end of 2019, please refer to the "Balance of Payments Report of China (2019)". Appendix Definition of terms and interpretations External debt classificationby term structure. There are two methods to classify the external debt by term structure. One is on the basis of the contract term,i.e. it is classified as medium- and long-term external debt if the contractterm is over one year, and classified as short-term external debt if the contract term is one year or less; the other is on the basis of the remaining term, i.e.,on the basis of the contract term classification method above, the medium- and long-term external debt due within one year is classified as short-term external debt. In this news release, external debt is divided into medium- and long-term external debt and short-term external debt based on the contract term. Trade-related credit is a broad concept. In addition to trade credit and prepayment, it also involves other kinds of credit provided for trade activities. As it is defined,trade-related credit includes trade credit and prepayment, bank trade financing, short-term notes related to trade, and so forth. In particular, trade credit and prepayment refer to external liability arising from directly extending credit between the seller and buyer of goods transactions, specifically transactions between residents in the Chinese Mainland and overseas non-residents (including non-residents in Hong Kong SAR, Macao SAR, and Taiwan Province), i.e., the debt incurred due tothe difference between the time of payment and the time of the goods ownership transfer, which include credit directly provided by the supplier (e.g., theoverseas exporter) for goods and services, and advance payments made by buyers(e.g., overseas importers) for goods, services, and on-going business (or business to be undertaken). Bank trade financing refers to trade related loans that offered by a third party(e.g., banks) to exporters or importers, for instance, loans extended by foreign financial institutions or export credit agencies to buyers. Liability ratio refers to the ratio of outstanding external debt as of the end of the year to the GDP for the year. Debt ratio refers to the ratio of the outstanding external debt as of the end of the year to the export revenue from trade in goods and services for the year in the balance of payments. Debt servicing ratio refers to the ratio of the repayment of the principal and payment of interest on external debt for the year (the sum of the repayment of the principal and payment of interest on medium- and long-term external debt and the payment of the interest of short-term external debt) to the export revenue from trade ingoods and services for the year in the balance of payments. The internationally recognized thresholds for external debt risk indicators - liability ratio, debtratio, debt servicing ratio and ratio of short-term external debt to foreign exchange reserves are 20 percent, 100 percent, 20 percent and 100 percent respectively. Annexed table：China’s Gross External Debt Position by Sector, End of December 2019 End of December 2019 End of December 2019 （Unit:100 million RMB） （Unit:100 million US dollars） General Government 18901 2709 Short-term 709 102 Currency and deposits 0 0 Debt securities 709 102 Loans 0 0 Trade credit and advances 0 0 Other debt liabilities 0 0 Long-term 18192 2607 Currency and deposits 0 0 Debt securities 0 0 Loans 14966 2145 Trade credit and advances 3226 462 Other debt liabilities 0 0 Currency and deposits 0 0 Central Bank 2534 363 Short-term 1773 254 Currency and deposits 755 108 Debt securities 1018 146 Loans 0 0 Trade credit and advances 0 0 Other debt liabilities 0 0 Long-term 761 109 Special drawing rights 674 97 Currency and deposits 0 0 Debt securities 0 0 Loans 0 0 Trade credit and advances 0 0 Other debt liabilities 87 12 Other Depository Corporations 64037 9180 Short-term 47598 6823 Currency and deposits 28691 4113 Debt securities 3733 535 Loans 14996 2150 Trade credit and advances 0 0 Other debt liabilities 178 25 Long-term 16439 2357 Currency and deposits 0 0 Debt securities 11393 1633 Loans 4985 715 Trade credit and advances 0 0 Other debt liabilities 62 9 Other Sectors 41322 5923 Short-term 29916 4288 Currency and deposits 21 3 Debt securities 188 27 Loans 3785 543 Trade credit and advances 24973 3580 Other debt liabilities 948 136 Long-term 11406 1635 Currency and deposits 0 0 Debt securities 4920 705 Loans 4792 687 Trade credit and advances 445 64 Other debt liabilities 1249 179 Direct Investment: Intercompany Lending 16725 2398 Debt liabilities of direct investment enterprises to direct investors 10341 1482 Debt liabilities of direct investors to direct investment enterprises 695 100 Debt liabilities to affiliated enterprises 5688 816 Gross External Debt Position 143519 20573 Notes: 1. The short-term and long-term herein are broken down by contractual (original) maturity. 2. The data in this table have been rounded off. 2020-03-27/en/2020/0327/1658.html
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截至2019年末，我国全口径（含本外币）外债余额为143519亿元人民币（等值20573亿美元，不包括香港特区、澳门特区和台湾地区对外负债，下同）。 从期限结构看，中长期外债余额为59435亿元人民币（等值8520亿美元），占41%；短期外债余额为84084亿元人民币（等值12053亿美元），占59%。短期外债余额中，与贸易有关的信贷占43%。 从机构部门看，广义政府债务余额为18901亿元人民币（等值2709亿美元），占13%；中央银行债务余额为2534亿元人民币（等值363亿美元），占2%；银行债务余额为64037亿元人民币（等值9180亿美元），占45%；其他部门（含直接投资：公司间贷款）债务余额为58047亿元人民币（等值8321亿美元），占40%。 从债务工具看，贷款余额为31784亿元人民币（等值4556亿美元），占22%；贸易信贷与预付款余额为25417亿元人民币（等值3643亿美元），占18%；货币与存款余额为29467亿元人民币（等值4224亿美元），占20%；债务证券余额为36928亿元人民币（等值5293亿美元），占25.5%；特别提款权（SDR）分配为674亿元人民币（等值97亿美元），占0.5%；直接投资：公司间贷款债务余额为16725亿元人民币（等值2398亿美元），占12%；其他债务负债余额为2524亿元人民币（等值362亿美元），占2%。 从币种结构看，本币外债余额为50780亿元人民币（等值7279亿美元），占35%；外币外债余额（含SDR分配）为92739亿元人民币（等值13294亿美元），占65%。在外币登记外债余额中，美元债务占83%，欧元债务占8%，港币债务占5%，日元债务占2%，特别提款权和其他外币外债合计占比为2%。 2019年末，我国外债负债率为14.3%，债务率为77.8%，偿债率为6.7%，短期外债与外汇储备的比例为38.8%，上述指标均在国际公认的安全线以内，我国外债风险总体可控。 此外，国家外汇管理局根据最新获得的外商投资企业已分配未汇出利润等数据，修订了2018年末至2019年三季度全口径外债数据，并通过国家外汇管理局官方网站“统计数据”栏目公布。2019年末我国全口径外债数据解读详见《2019年中国国际收支报告》。 附 名词解释及相关说明 关于外债期限结构分类。按照期限结构对外债进行分类，有两种分类方法。一是按照签约期限划分，即合同期限在一年以上的外债为中长期外债，合同期限在一年或一年以下的外债为短期外债；二是按照剩余期限划分，即在签约期限划分的基础上，将未来一年内到期的中长期外债纳入到短期外债中。本新闻稿按签约期限划分中长期外债和短期外债。 与贸易有关的信贷是一个较广义的概念，除贸易信贷与预付款外，它还包括为贸易活动提供的其他信贷。从定义上看，与贸易有关的信贷包括贸易信贷与预付款、银行贸易融资、与贸易有关的短期票据等。其中，贸易信贷与预付款是指发生在中国大陆居民与境外（含港、澳、台地区）非居民之间，由货物交易的卖方和买方之间直接提供信贷而产生对外负债，即由于商品的资金支付时间与货物所有权发生转移的时间不同而形成的债务。具体包括供应商（如境外出口商）为商品交易和服务直接提供信贷，以及购买者（如境外进口商）为商品和服务以及进行中（或准备承担）的工作预先付款；银行贸易融资是指第三方（如银行）向出口商或进口商提供的与贸易有关的贷款，如外国金融机构或出口信贷机构向买方提供的贷款。 负债率即外债余额与当年国内生产总值之比。债务率即外债余额与当年国际收支统计口径的货物与服务贸易出口收入之比。偿债率即中长期外债还本付息与短期外债付息额之和与当年国际收支统计口径的货物与服务贸易出口收入之比。负债率、债务率、偿债率、短期外债与外汇储备的比例等外债风险指标的国际公认安全线分别为20%、100%、20%和100%。 附表：中国2019年12月末按部门划分的外债总额头寸 2019年12月末 2019年12月末 （亿元人民币） （亿美元） 广义政府 18901 2709 短期 709 102 货币与存款 0 0 债务证券 709 102 贷款 0 0 贸易信贷与预付款 0 0 其他债务负债 0 0 长期 18192 2607 SDR分配 0 0 货币与存款 0 0 债务证券 14966 2145 贷款 3226 462 贸易信贷与预付款 0 0 其他债务负债 0 0 中央银行 2534 363 短期 1773 254 货币与存款 755 108 债务证券 1018 146 贷款 0 0 贸易信贷与预付款 0 0 其他债务负债 0 0 长期 761 109 SDR分配 674 97 货币与存款 0 0 债务证券 0 0 贷款 0 0 贸易信贷与预付款 0 0 其他债务负债 87 12 其他接受存款公司 64037 9180 短期 47598 6823 货币与存款 28691 4113 债务证券 3733 535 贷款 14996 2150 贸易信贷与预付款 0 0 其他债务负债 178 25 长期 16439 2357 货币与存款 0 0 债务证券 11393 1633 贷款 4985 715 贸易信贷与预付款 0 0 其他债务负债 62 9 其他部门 41322 5923 短期 29916 4288 货币与存款 21 3 债务证券 188 27 贷款 3785 543 贸易信贷与预付款 24973 3580 其他债务负债 948 136 长期 11406 1635 货币与存款 0 0 债务证券 4920 705 贷款 4792 687 贸易信贷与预付款 445 64 其他债务负债 1249 179 直接投资：公司间贷款 16725 2398 直接投资企业对直接投资者的债务负债 10341 1482 直接投资者对直接投资企业的债务负债 695 100 对关联企业的债务负债 5688 816 外债总额头寸 143519 20573 注：1. 本表按签约期限划分长期、短期外债。 2. 本表统计采用四舍五入法。 2020-03-27/safe/2020/0327/15822.html
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The State Administration of Foreign Exchange (SAFE) has recently released the data on banks' sales and settlements of foreign exchange and their foreign-related receipts and payments for customers for February 2020. SAFE Press Spokesperson and Chief Economist Wang Chunying answered media questions on foreign exchange receipts and payments for the month. Q: Could you brief us on the characteristics of China's foreign exchange receipts and payments for February 2020? A: China's foreign exchange market, despite the impact of the epidemic of COVID-19, stayed generally stable in February, with key highlights as follows: first, the supply and demand remained balanced in the foreign exchange market. Banks' sales and settlements of foreign exchange registered a surplus of USD 14.2 billion in the month, indicating a basic equilibrium in the supply and demand in China's foreign exchange market considering other supply and demand factors including forward foreign exchange sales and settlements and options. Second, non-banking foreign-related receipts and payments continued to record net inflows. In the month, non-banking sectors including firms and individuals registered a surplus of USD 9.6 billion in foreign-related receipts and payments, up by 5% month-on-month. Third, China's foreign exchange reserves remained generally stable, with changes in size being a result of valuation factors like exchange rate conversion and asset price changes. Fourth, the RMB exchange rate fluctuated in two ways within the reasonable range and its expectations remained stable. China's foreign exchange market has become more rational, systematic and mature, with cross-border capital flows through major channels staying generally stable. On one hand, players' desire to settle and sell foreign exchange remained stable. In February, the settlement ratio, a measure of the desire to settle foreign exchange or the ratio of customers' selling foreign exchange to banks to their foreign-related foreign exchange receipts, hit 59%, up by 5 percentage points year-on-year; the sales ratio, a measure of the desire to buy foreign exchange, or the ratio of customers' buying of foreign exchange from banks to their foreign-related foreign exchange payments, was 62%, down by 3 percentage points year-on-year. On the other hand, foreign exchange sales and settlements and foreign-related receipts and payments under trade in goods and direct investment remained in surplus in February; and foreign investors increased their net holdings of domestic bonds by USD 14 billion, compared with a net increase of USD 1.4 billion in January. For the moment, epidemic prevention and control is gaining momentum, businesses are reopening in a systematic way, and policy measures to keep foreign trade and investment stable have been introduced one after another in China, suggesting the fundamentals sustaining long-term economic growth and the aspiration for development have not been changed. Moreover, China is opening its markets wider to the outside, keeps improving its business environment, and further internationalizes the capital market, with its RMB assets highly attractive in the globe, thus laying a solid foundation for the stability of China's foreign exchange market. 2020-03-20/en/2020/0320/1654.html
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国家外汇管理局统计数据显示，2020年1月，银行结汇10067亿元人民币，售汇9625亿元人民币，结售汇顺差442亿元人民币；按美元计值，银行结汇1455亿美元，售汇1391亿美元，结售汇顺差64亿美元。其中，银行代客结汇9139亿元人民币，售汇8566亿元人民币，结售汇顺差573亿元人民币；银行自身结汇928亿元人民币，售汇1059亿元人民币，结售汇逆差131亿元人民币。同期，银行代客远期结汇签约992亿元人民币，远期售汇签约370亿元人民币，远期净结汇622亿元人民币。截至1月末，远期累计未到期结汇5004亿元人民币，未到期售汇4093亿元人民币，未到期净结汇911亿元人民币；未到期期权Delta净敞口-2559亿元人民币。 注：受疫情影响，湖北等地区数据为部分金融机构上报的数据。 附：名词解释和相关说明 国际收支是指我国居民与非居民间发生的一切经济交易。 银行结售汇是指银行为客户及其自身办理的结汇和售汇业务，包括远期结售汇履约和期权行权数据，不包括银行间外汇市场交易数据。银行结售汇统计时点为人民币与外汇兑换行为发生时。其中，结汇是指外汇所有者将外汇卖给外汇指定银行，售汇是指外汇指定银行将外汇卖给外汇使用者。结售汇差额是结汇与售汇的轧差数。银行结售汇形成的差额将通过银行在银行间外汇市场买卖平盘，是引起我国外汇储备变化的主要来源之一，但其不等于同期外汇储备的增减额。 银行结售汇不按居民与非居民交易的原则进行统计，且其仅包括银行与客户及其自身之间发生的本外币买卖，即人民币和外汇的兑换交易，不同于国际收支交易的统计范围。 远期结售汇签约是指银行与客户协商签订远期结汇（售汇）合同，约定将来办理结汇（售汇）的外汇币种、金额、汇率和期限；到期外汇收入（支出）发生时，即按照远期结汇（售汇）合同订明的币种、金额、汇率办理结汇（售汇）。远期结售汇业务使得企业可提前锁定未来结汇或售汇的汇率，从而有效规避人民币汇率变动的风险。银行一般会通过银行间外汇市场来对冲远期结售汇业务形成的风险敞口。比如，当银行签订的远期结汇大于远期售汇时，银行一般会将同等金额的外汇提前在银行间外汇市场卖出，反之亦然。因而远期结售汇也是影响我国外汇储备变化的一个因素。 远期结售汇平仓是指客户因真实需求背景发生变更、无法履行资金交割义务，对原交易反向平盘，了结部分或全部远期头寸的行为。 远期结售汇展期是指客户因真实需求背景发生变更，调整原交易交割时间的行为。 本期末远期结售汇累计未到期额是指银行与客户签订的远期结汇和售汇合同在本期末仍未到期的余额；差额是指未到期远期结汇和售汇余额之差。签约额与累计未到期额之间的关系为：本期末远期结售汇累计未到期额=上期末远期结售汇累计未到期额+本期远期结售汇签约额-本期远期结售汇履约额-本期远期结售汇平仓额。 未到期期权Delta净敞口是指银行对客户办理的期权业务在本期末累计未到期合约所隐含的即期汇率风险敞口。银行为管理这部分风险敞口，在期权合约存续期间通常会在外汇市场进行对冲。 银行代客涉外收付款是指境内非银行居民机构和个人（统称非银行部门）通过境内银行与非居民机构和个人之间发生的收付款，不包括现钞收付和银行自身涉外收付款。具体包括：非银行部门和非居民之间通过境内银行发生的跨境收付款（包括外汇和人民币），以及非银行部门和非居民之间通过境内银行发生的境内收付款（暂不包括境内居民个人与境内非居民个人之间发生的人民币收付款），统计时点为客户在境内银行办理涉外收付款时。其中，银行代客涉外收入是指非银行部门通过境内银行从非居民收入的款项，银行代客对外支出是指非银行部门通过境内银行向非居民支付的款项。 银行代客涉外收付款是国际收支统计的组成部分，但其统计原则与国际收支采用的权责发生制原则不同，采用资金收付制原则，且其仅反映境内非银行部门与非居民之间的资金流动状况，不能反映实物交易和银行自身的涉外交易，统计范围小于国际收支统计。 2020-03-18/neimenggu/2020/0318/736.html
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2020年1月，我国国际收支口径的国际服务贸易收入1156亿元，支出2688亿元，逆差1532亿元。 按美元计值，2020年1月，我国国际收支口径的国际服务贸易收入167亿美元，支出389亿美元，逆差222亿美元。 因海关1月和2月的货物贸易进出口数据将合并发布，2020年1月国际收支口径的货物贸易数据也将与2月数据合并发布。（完） 中国国际服务贸易（国际收支口径） 2020年1月 项目 按人民币计值 （亿元） 按美元计值 （亿美元） 1.服务贸易差额 -1532 -222 贷方 1156 167 借方 -2688 -389 1.1加工服务差额 78 11 贷方 80 12 借方 -3 0 1.2维护和维修服务差额 10 1 贷方 28 4 借方 -18 -3 1.3运输差额 -319 -46 贷方 225 33 借方 -544 -79 1.4旅行差额 -1269 -183 贷方 166 24 借方 -1435 -207 1.5建设差额 8 1 贷方 56 8 借方 -48 -7 1.6保险和养老金服务差额 -38 -6 贷方 16 2 借方 -55 -8 1.7金融服务差额 9 1 贷方 20 3 借方 -10 -1 1.8知识产权使用费差额 -124 -18 贷方 34 5 借方 -158 -23 1.9电信、计算机和信息服务差额 25 4 贷方 153 22 借方 -128 -18 1.10其他商业服务差额 113 16 贷方 366 53 借方 -253 -37 1.11个人、文化和娱乐服务差额 -20 -3 贷方 3 0 借方 -23 -3 1.12别处未提及的政府服务差额 -5 -1 贷方 9 1 借方 -13 -2 注： 1. 本表所称服务贸易与国际收支平衡表中的服务口径一致，是指居民与非居民之间发生的交易。月度数据为初步数据，可能与国际收支平衡表中的季度数据不一致。 2. 国际服务贸易数据按美元编制，当月人民币计值数据由美元数据按月均人民币对美元中间价折算得到。 3. 本表计数采用四舍五入原则。 指标解释： 1．服务贸易：包括加工服务，维护和维修服务，运输，旅行，建设，保险和养老金服务，金融服务，知识产权使用费，电信、计算机和信息服务，其他商业服务，个人、文化和娱乐服务以及别处未提及的政府服务。贷方记录提供的服务，借方记录接受的服务。 1.1加工服务：又称“对他人拥有的实物投入的制造服务”，指货物的所有权没有在所有者和加工方之间发生转移，加工方仅提供加工、装配、包装等服务，并从货物所有者处收取加工服务费用。贷方记录我国居民为非居民拥有的实物提供的加工服务。借方记录我国居民接受非居民的加工服务。 1.2维护和维修服务：指居民或非居民向对方所拥有的货物和设备（如船舶、飞机及其他运输工具）提供的维修和保养工作。贷方记录我国居民向非居民提供的维护和维修服务。借方记录我国居民接受的非居民维护和维修服务。 1.3运输：指将人和物体从一地点运送至另一地点的过程以及相关辅助和附属服务，以及邮政和邮递服务。贷方记录居民向非居民提供的国际运输、邮政快递等服务。借方记录居民接受的非居民国际运输、邮政快递等服务。 1.4旅行：指旅行者在其作为非居民的经济体旅行期间消费的物品和购买的服务。贷方记录我国居民向在我国境内停留不足一年的非居民以及停留期限不限的非居民留学人员和就医人员提供的货物和服务。借方记录我国居民境外旅行、留学或就医期间购买的非居民货物和服务。 1.5建设服务：指建筑形式的固定资产的建立、翻修、维修或扩建，工程性质的土地改良、道路、桥梁和水坝等工程建筑，相关的安装、组装、油漆、管道施工、拆迁和工程管理等，以及场地准备、测量和爆破等专项服务。贷方记录我国居民在经济领土之外提供的建设服务。借方记录我国居民在我国经济领土内接受的非居民建设服务。 1.6保险和养老金服务：指各种保险服务，以及同保险交易有关的代理商的佣金。贷方记录我国居民向非居民提供的人寿保险和年金、非人寿保险、再保险、标准化担保服务以及相关辅助服务。借方记录我国居民接受非居民的人寿保险和年金、非人寿保险、再保险、标准化担保服务以及相关辅助服务。 1.7金融服务：指金融中介和辅助服务，但不包括保险和养老金服务项目所涉及的服务。贷方记录我国居民向非居民提供的金融中介和辅助服务。借方记录我国居民接受非居民的金融中介和辅助服务。 1.8知识产权使用费：指居民和非居民之间经许可使用无形的、非生产/非金融资产和专有权以及经特许安排使用已问世的原作或原型的行为。贷方记录我国居民向非居民提供的知识产权相关服务。借方记录我国居民使用的非居民知识产权服务。 1.9电信、计算机和信息服务：指居民和非居民之间的通信服务以及与计算机数据和新闻有关的服务交易，但不包括以电话、计算机和互联网为媒介交付的商业服务。贷方记录本国居民向非居民提供的电信服务、计算机服务和信息服务。借方记录本国居民接受非居民提供的电信服务、计算机服务和信息服务。 1.10其他商业服务: 指居民和非居民之间其他类型的服务，包括研发服务，专业和管理咨询服务，技术、贸易相关等服务。贷方记录我国居民向非居民提供的其他商业服务。借方记录我国居民接受的非居民其他商业服务。 1.11个人、文化娱乐服务:指居民和非居民之间与个人、文化和娱乐有关的服务交易，包括视听和相关服务（电影、收音机、电视节目和音乐录制品），其他个人、文化娱乐服务（健康、教育等）。贷方记录我国居民向非居民提供的相关服务。借方记录我国居民接受的非居民相关服务。 1.12别处未提及的政府服务：指在其他货物和服务类别中未包括的政府和国际组织提供和购买的各项货物和服务。贷方记录我国居民向非居民提供的别处未涵盖的货物和服务。借方记录我国居民向非居民购买的别处未涵盖的货物和服务。 2020-03-11/neimenggu/2020/0311/733.html
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国家外汇管理局统计数据显示，2020年1月，中国外汇市场（不含外币对市场，下同）总计成交13.43万亿元人民币（等值1.94万亿美元）。其中，银行对客户市场成交2.17万亿元人民币（等值3137亿美元），银行间市场成交11.26万亿元人民币（等值1.63万亿美元）；即期市场累计成交5.89万亿元人民币（等值8515亿美元），衍生品市场累计成交7.54万亿元人民币（等值1.09万亿美元）。（完） 注：受疫情影响，湖北等地区部分银行数据未完成报送，银行对客户市场数据为部分金融机构上报的数据。 2020-03-16/neimenggu/2020/0316/735.html
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2月26日，江津中心支局与辖区1家涉外企业座谈，详细了解企业复工复产困难。针对企业反映的开工不足、物流不畅、资金流动困难等问题，中心支局迅速反应，主动向区商务委反映企业关于开工和物流方面的诉求，同时引导辖区多家银行与企业对接，尽力帮助企业解决流动资金短缺问题。 2020-02-27/chongqing/2020/0227/1423.html
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2020-03-04http://www.gov.cn/xinwen/2020-03/03/content_5486283.htm