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As at the end of 2023, China recorded RMB 17.3352 trillion in outstanding external debt denominated in both domestic and foreign currencies (equivalent to USD 2447.5 billion, excluding those of Hong Kong SAR, Macao SAR, and Taiwan Province of China, the same below). In terms of maturity structure, the outstanding medium- and long-term external debt was RMB 7682.6 billion (equivalent to USD 1084.7 billion), accounting for 44 percent; while the outstanding short-term external debt was RMB 9652.6 billion (equivalent to USD 1362.8 billion), taking up 56 percent, of which 35 percent was trade-related credit. In terms of institutional sectors, the outstanding debt of general government totaled RMB 3077.5 billion (equivalent to USD 434.5 billion), accounting for 18 percent; the outstanding debt of the central bank totaled RMB 759.3 billion (equivalent to USD 107.2 billion), accounting for 4 percent; the outstanding debt of banks totaled RMB 7148.7 billion (equivalent to USD 1009.3 billion), accounting for 41 percent; the outstanding debt of other sectors (including inter-company lending under direct investments) totaled RMB 6349.6 billion (equivalent to USD 896.5 billion), accounting for 37 percent. In terms of debt instruments, the balance of loans was RMB 2645.7 billion (equivalent to USD 373.5 billion), accounting for 15 percent; the outstanding trade credits and advances was RMB 2770 billion (equivalent to USD 391.1 billion), accounting for 16 percent; the outstanding currency and deposits was RMB 3445.3 billion (equivalent to USD 486.4 billion), accounting for 20 percent; the outstanding debtsecurities was RMB 5307.8 billion (equivalent to USD 749.4 billion), accounting for 31 percent; the Special Drawing Rights (SDR) allocation amounted to RMB 344.1 billion (equivalent to USD 48.6 billion), accounting for 2 percent; the balance of inter-company lending under direct investments totaled RMB 2094.9 billion (equivalent to USD 295.8 billion), accounting for 12 percent; and the balance of other debt liabilities was RMB 727.4 billion (equivalent to USD 102.7 billion), accounting for 4 percent. With respect to currency structures, the outstanding external debt in domestic currency totaled RMB 8196.9 billion (equivalent to USD 1157.3 billion), accounting for 47 percent; the outstanding external debt in foreign currencies (including SDR allocation) totaled RMB 9138.3 billion (equivalent to USD 1290.2 billion), accounting for 53 percent. In the outstanding registered external debt in foreign currencies, the USD debt accounted for 84 percent, the Euro debt accounted for 7 percent, the HKD debt accounted for 4 percent, the JPY debt accounted for 3 percent, the SDR and other foreign currency-denominated external debt accounted for 2 percent. As at the end of 2023, the liability ratio was 13.7 percent, the debt ratio was 69.7 percent, the debt servicing ratio was 7.6 percent, and the ratio of short-term external debt to foreign exchange reserves was 42.1 percent. China's major external debt indicators were all within the internationally recognized thresholds, indicating that the external debt risk is controllable. Appendix Definition of terms and interpretations External debt classification by maturity structure. There are two methods to classify the external debt by maturity structure. One is on the basis of the contractual maturity, i.e. it is classified as medium- and long-term external debt if the contractual maturity is over one year, and classified as short-term external debt if the contractual maturity is one year or less;the other is on the basis of the remaining maturity, i.e., on the basis of the contractual maturity classification method above, the medium- and long-term external debt due within one year is classified as short-term external debt. In this news release, external debt is divided into medium- and long-term external debt and short-term external debt based on the contractual maturity. Trade-related credit is a broad concept. In addition to trade credit and advances, it also involves other kinds of credit provided for trade activities. According to its definition,trade-related credit includes trade credit and advances, bank trade financing, trade related bills, and so forth. In particular, trade credit and advances refer to external liability arising from directly extending credit between the seller and buyer of goods transactions,specifically transactions between residents in the Chinese Mainland and overseas non-residents (including non-residents in Hong Kong SAR, Macao SAR,and Taiwan Province of China), i.e., the debt incurred due to the difference between the time of payment and the time of the goods ownership transfer, which include credit directly provided by the supplier (e.g., the overseas exporter) for goods and services, and prepayments made by buyers (e.g., overseas importers) for goods, services, and work that is in progress (or work to be undertaken). Bank trade financing refers to trade related loans that offered by a third party (e.g., banks) to exporters or importers, for instance, loans extended by foreign financial institutions or export credit agencies to buyers. Annexed table：China’s Gross External Debt Position by Sector, End of 2023 End of 2023 End of 2023 （Unit:100 million RMB） （Unit:100 million US dollars） General Government 30775 4345 Short-term 2870 405 Currency and deposits 0 0 Debt securities 2870 405 Loans 0 0 Trade credit and advances 0 0 Other debt liabilities 0 0 Long-term 27905 3940 Special drawing rights (allocations) 0 0 Currency and deposits 0 0 Debt securities 24084 3400 Loans 3821 540 Trade credit and advances 0 0 Other debt liabilities 0 0 Central Bank 7593 1072 Short-term 2138 302 Currency and deposits 1041 147 Debt securities 1097 155 Loans 0 0 Trade credit and advances 0 0 Other debt liabilities 0 0 Long-term 5454 770 Special drawing rights (allocations) 3441 486 Currency and deposits 0 0 Debt securities 0 0 Loans 0 0 Trade credit and advances 0 0 Other debt liabilities 2014 284 Other Depository Corporations 71487 10093 Short-term 55617 7853 Currency and deposits 33390 4714 Debt securities 6110 863 Loans 15681 2214 Trade credit and advances 0 0 Other debt liabilities 436 62 Long-term 15870 2241 Currency and deposits 0 0 Debt securities 12890 1820 Loans 2890 408 Trade credit and advances 0 0 Other debt liabilities 90 13 Other Sectors 42548 6007 Short-term 30557 4314 Currency and deposits 22 3 Debt securities 146 21 Loans 1181 167 Trade credit and advances 27216 3843 Other debt liabilities 1992 281 Long-term 11991 1693 Currency and deposits 0 0 Debt securities 5881 830 Loans 2884 407 Trade credit and advances 485 68 Other debt liabilities 2742 387 Direct Investment: Intercompany Lending 20949 2958 Debt liabilities of direct investment enterprises to direct investors 11741 1658 Debt liabilities of direct investors to direct investment enterprises 1328 187 Debt liabilities to fellow enterprises 7880 1113 Gross External Debt Position 173352 24475 2024-03-29/en/2024/0329/2189.html
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根据《中华人民共和国反洗钱法》（中华人民共和国主席令第五十六号）和《中华人民共和国外汇管理条例》（中华人民共和国国务院令第532号），国家外汇管理局加强外汇市场管理，严厉打击非法买卖外汇行为，维护外汇市场健康良性秩序。根据《中华人民共和国政府信息公开条例》（中华人民共和国国务院令第711号）等相关规定，现将部分违规典型案例通报如下： 案例1：浙江籍刘某非法买卖外汇案 2022年1月至2023年3月，刘某通过地下钱庄非法买卖外汇48笔，金额合计307.7万美元。 该行为违反《个人外汇管理办法》第三十条，根据《外汇管理条例》第四十五条，处以罚款167.2万元人民币。处罚信息纳入中国人民银行征信系统。 案例2：辽宁籍王某非法买卖外汇案 2022年2月至12月，王某通过地下钱庄非法买卖外汇20笔，金额合计207.0万美元。 该行为违反《个人外汇管理办法》第三十条，根据《外汇管理条例》第四十五条，处以罚款119.5万元人民币。处罚信息纳入中国人民银行征信系统。 案例3：北京籍李某非法买卖外汇案 2022年11月至2022年12月，李某通过地下钱庄非法买卖外汇12笔，金额合计354.0万美元。 该行为违反《个人外汇管理办法》第三十条，根据《外汇管理条例》第四十五条，处以罚款199.2万元人民币。处罚信息纳入中国人民银行征信系统。 案例4：广东籍阮某非法买卖外汇案 2022年2月至8月，阮某通过地下钱庄非法买卖外汇99笔，金额合计320.5万美元。 该行为违反《个人外汇管理办法》第三十条，根据《外汇管理条例》第四十五条，处以罚款173.7万元人民币。处罚信息纳入中国人民银行征信系统。 案例5：四川籍王某非法买卖外汇案 2018年1月至2022年1月，王某通过地下钱庄非法买卖外汇49笔，金额合计293.3万美元。 该行为违反《个人外汇管理办法》第三十条，根据《外汇管理条例》第四十五条，处以罚款152.5万元人民币。处罚信息纳入中国人民银行征信系统。 案例6：上海籍钱某非法买卖外汇案 2022年6月至10月，钱某通过地下钱庄非法买卖外汇13笔，金额合计231.7万美元。 该行为违反《个人外汇管理办法》第三十条，根据《外汇管理条例》第四十五条，处以罚款128.6万元人民币。处罚信息纳入中国人民银行征信系统。 案例7：浙江籍喻某非法买卖外汇案 2022年1月至2023年1月，喻某通过地下钱庄非法买卖外汇37笔，金额合计304.7万美元。 该行为违反《个人外汇管理办法》第三十条，根据《外汇管理条例》第四十五条，处以罚款164.3万元人民币。处罚信息纳入中国人民银行征信系统。 案例8：广东籍林某非法买卖外汇案 2021年1月至2022年7月，林某通过地下钱庄非法买卖外汇264笔，金额合计782.8万美元。 该行为违反《个人外汇管理办法》第三十条，根据《外汇管理条例》第四十五条，处以罚款403.3万元人民币。处罚信息纳入中国人民银行征信系统。 案例9：安徽籍许某非法买卖外汇案 2018年8月至2022年2月，许某通过地下钱庄非法买卖外汇47笔，金额合计218.4万美元。 该行为违反《个人外汇管理办法》第三十条，根据《外汇管理条例》第四十五条，处以罚款117.1万元人民币。处罚信息纳入中国人民银行征信系统。 案例10：江西籍曾某非法买卖外汇案 2021年3月至2022年7月，曾某通过地下钱庄非法买卖外汇49笔，金额合计205.7万美元。 该行为违反《个人外汇管理办法》第三十条，根据《外汇管理条例》第四十五条，处以罚款105.9万元人民币。处罚信息纳入中国人民银行征信系统。 2024-03-29/beijing/2024/0329/2350.html
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