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中央经济工作会议12月8日至10日在北京举行。中共中央总书记、国家主席、中央军委主席习近平，中共中央政治局常委李克强、栗战书、汪洋、王沪宁、赵乐际、韩正出席会议。 习近平在会上发表重要讲话，总结2021年经济工作，分析当前经济形势，部署2022年经济工作。李克强在讲话中对明年经济工作作出具体部署，并作了总结讲话。 会议认为，今年是党和国家历史上具有里程碑意义的一年。我们隆重庆祝中国共产党成立一百周年，实现第一个百年奋斗目标，开启向第二个百年奋斗目标进军新征程，沉着应对百年变局和世纪疫情，构建新发展格局迈出新步伐，高质量发展取得新成效，实现了“十四五”良好开局。我国经济发展和疫情防控保持全球领先地位，国家战略科技力量加快壮大，产业链韧性得到提升，改革开放向纵深推进，民生保障有力有效，生态文明建设持续推进。这些成绩的取得，是以习近平同志为核心的党中央坚强领导的结果，是全党全国各族人民勠力同心、艰苦奋斗的结果。 会议指出，在充分肯定成绩的同时，必须看到我国经济发展面临需求收缩、供给冲击、预期转弱三重压力。世纪疫情冲击下，百年变局加速演进，外部环境更趋复杂严峻和不确定。我们既要正视困难，又要坚定信心。我国经济韧性强，长期向好的基本面不会改变。无论国际风云如何变幻，我们都要坚定不移做好自己的事情，不断做强经济基础，增强科技创新能力，坚持多边主义，主动对标高标准国际经贸规则，以高水平开放促进深层次改革、推动高质量发展。 会议认为，在应对风险挑战的实践中，我们进一步积累了对做好经济工作的规律性认识。必须坚持党中央集中统一领导，沉着应对重大挑战，步调一致向前进。必须坚持高质量发展，坚持以经济建设为中心是党的基本路线的要求，全党都要聚精会神贯彻执行，推动经济实现质的稳步提升和量的合理增长。必须坚持稳中求进，调整政策和推动改革要把握好时度效，坚持先立后破、稳扎稳打。必须加强统筹协调，坚持系统观念。 会议强调，明年将召开党的二十大，这是党和国家政治生活中的一件大事，要保持平稳健康的经济环境、国泰民安的社会环境、风清气正的政治环境。做好明年经济工作，要以习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想为指导，全面贯彻落实党的十九大和十九届历次全会精神，弘扬伟大建党精神，坚持稳中求进工作总基调，完整、准确、全面贯彻新发展理念，加快构建新发展格局，全面深化改革开放，坚持创新驱动发展，推动高质量发展，坚持以供给侧结构性改革为主线，统筹疫情防控和经济社会发展，统筹发展和安全，继续做好“六稳”、“六保”工作，持续改善民生，着力稳定宏观经济大盘，保持经济运行在合理区间，保持社会大局稳定，迎接党的二十大胜利召开。 会议要求，明年经济工作要稳字当头、稳中求进，各地区各部门要担负起稳定宏观经济的责任，各方面要积极推出有利于经济稳定的政策，政策发力适当靠前。 一是宏观政策要稳健有效。要继续实施积极的财政政策和稳健的货币政策。积极的财政政策要提升效能，更加注重精准、可持续。要保证财政支出强度，加快支出进度。实施新的减税降费政策，强化对中小微企业、个体工商户、制造业、风险化解等的支持力度，适度超前开展基础设施投资。党政机关要坚持过紧日子。严肃财经纪律。坚决遏制新增地方政府隐性债务。稳健的货币政策要灵活适度，保持流动性合理充裕。引导金融机构加大对实体经济特别是小微企业、科技创新、绿色发展的支持。财政政策和货币政策要协调联动，跨周期和逆周期宏观调控政策要有机结合。实施好扩大内需战略，增强发展内生动力。 二是微观政策要持续激发市场主体活力。要提振市场主体信心，深入推进公平竞争政策实施，加强反垄断和反不正当竞争，以公正监管保障公平竞争。强化知识产权保护，营造各类所有制企业竞相发展的良好环境。强化契约精神，有效治理恶意拖欠账款和逃废债行为。 三是结构政策要着力畅通国民经济循环。要深化供给侧结构性改革，重在畅通国内大循环，重在突破供给约束堵点，重在打通生产、分配、流通、消费各环节。要提升制造业核心竞争力，启动一批产业基础再造工程项目，激发涌现一大批“专精特新”企业。加快形成内外联通、安全高效的物流网络。加快数字化改造，促进传统产业升级。要坚持房子是用来住的、不是用来炒的定位，加强预期引导，探索新的发展模式，坚持租购并举，加快发展长租房市场，推进保障性住房建设，支持商品房市场更好满足购房者的合理住房需求，因城施策促进房地产业良性循环和健康发展。 四是科技政策要扎实落地。要实施科技体制改革三年行动方案，制定实施基础研究十年规划。强化国家战略科技力量，发挥好国家实验室作用，重组全国重点实验室，推进科研院所改革。强化企业创新主体地位，深化产学研结合。完善优化科技创新生态，形成扎实的科研作风。继续开展国际科技合作。 五是改革开放政策要激活发展动力。要抓好要素市场化配置综合改革试点，全面实行股票发行注册制，完成国企改革三年行动任务，稳步推进电网、铁路等自然垄断行业改革。调动地方改革积极性，鼓励各地因地制宜、主动改革。扩大高水平对外开放，推动制度型开放，落实好外资企业国民待遇，吸引更多跨国公司投资，推动重大外资项目加快落地。推动共建“一带一路”高质量发展。 六是区域政策要增强发展的平衡性协调性。要深入实施区域重大战略和区域协调发展战略，促进东、中、西和东北地区协调发展。全面推进乡村振兴，提升新型城镇化建设质量。 七是社会政策要兜住兜牢民生底线。要统筹推进经济发展和民生保障，健全常住地提供基本公共服务制度。解决好高校毕业生等青年就业问题，健全灵活就业劳动用工和社会保障政策。推进基本养老保险全国统筹。推动新的生育政策落地见效，积极应对人口老龄化。 会议认为，进入新发展阶段，我国发展内外环境发生深刻变化，面临许多新的重大理论和实践问题，需要正确认识和把握。 要正确认识和把握实现共同富裕的战略目标和实践途径。在我国社会主义制度下，既要不断解放和发展社会生产力，不断创造和积累社会财富，又要防止两极分化。实现共同富裕目标，首先要通过全国人民共同奋斗把“蛋糕”做大做好，然后通过合理的制度安排把“蛋糕”切好分好。这是一个长期的历史过程，要稳步朝着这个目标迈进。要在推动高质量发展中强化就业优先导向，提高经济增长的就业带动力。要发挥分配的功能和作用，坚持按劳分配为主体，完善按要素分配政策，加大税收、社保、转移支付等的调节力度。支持有意愿有能力的企业和社会群体积极参与公益慈善事业。要坚持尽力而为、量力而行，完善公共服务政策制度体系，在教育、医疗、养老、住房等人民群众最关心的领域精准提供基本公共服务。 要正确认识和把握资本的特性和行为规律。社会主义市场经济是一个伟大创造，社会主义市场经济中必然会有各种形态的资本，要发挥资本作为生产要素的积极作用，同时有效控制其消极作用。要为资本设置“红绿灯”，依法加强对资本的有效监管，防止资本野蛮生长。要支持和引导资本规范健康发展，坚持和完善社会主义基本经济制度，毫不动摇巩固和发展公有制经济，毫不动摇鼓励、支持、引导非公有制经济发展。 要正确认识和把握初级产品供给保障。要坚持节约优先，实施全面节约战略。在生产领域，推进资源全面节约、集约、循环利用。在消费领域，增强全民节约意识，倡导简约适度、绿色低碳的生活方式。要增强国内资源生产保障能力，加快油气等资源先进开采技术开发应用，加快构建废弃物循环利用体系。要把提高农业综合生产能力放在更加突出的位置，持续推进高标准农田建设，深入实施种业振兴行动，提高农机装备水平，保障种粮农民合理收益，中国人的饭碗任何时候都要牢牢端在自己手中。 要正确认识和把握防范化解重大风险。要继续按照稳定大局、统筹协调、分类施策、精准拆弹的方针，抓好风险处置工作，加强金融法治建设，压实地方、金融监管、行业主管等各方责任，压实企业自救主体责任。要强化能力建设，加强金融监管干部队伍建设。化解风险要有充足资源，研究制定化解风险的政策，要广泛配合，完善金融风险处置机制。 要正确认识和把握碳达峰碳中和。实现碳达峰碳中和是推动高质量发展的内在要求，要坚定不移推进，但不可能毕其功于一役。要坚持全国统筹、节约优先、双轮驱动、内外畅通、防范风险的原则。传统能源逐步退出要建立在新能源安全可靠的替代基础上。要立足以煤为主的基本国情，抓好煤炭清洁高效利用，增加新能源消纳能力，推动煤炭和新能源优化组合。要狠抓绿色低碳技术攻关。要科学考核，新增可再生能源和原料用能不纳入能源消费总量控制，创造条件尽早实现能耗“双控”向碳排放总量和强度“双控”转变，加快形成减污降碳的激励约束机制，防止简单层层分解。要确保能源供应，大企业特别是国有企业要带头保供稳价。要深入推动能源革命，加快建设能源强国。 会议指出，要继续做好“六稳”、“六保”工作特别是保就业保民生保市场主体，围绕保持经济运行在合理区间，加强和改善宏观调控，加大宏观政策跨周期调节力度，提高宏观调控的前瞻性针对性。市场主体承载着数亿人的就业创业。要继续面向市场主体实施新的减税降费，帮助他们特别是中小微企业、个体工商户减负纾困、恢复发展。加大对实体经济融资支持力度，促进中小微企业融资增量、扩面、降价。抓好重点群体就业，落实落细稳就业举措。推动财力下沉，更好支持基层政府落实助企纾困政策和保基本民生保工资保运转。加强煤电油气运等调节，促进电力充足供应。要深化重点领域改革，更大激发市场活力和发展内生动力，运用市场化机制激励企业创新投入。促进多种所有制经济共同发展，优化民营经济发展环境，依法保护各类市场主体产权和合法权益，政策要一视同仁、平等对待。扩大高水平开放，多措并举稳定外贸，保障产业链供应链稳定，加大吸引外资力度。 会议要求，各级党委和政府、各级领导干部要自觉同党中央保持高度一致，提高政治判断力、政治领悟力、政治执行力，还必须学习历史知识、厚植文化底蕴、强化生态观念，要落实到行动上，体现到贯彻落实党的路线方针政策的实际行动上，体现到推动高质量发展的实际行动上，体现到为党分忧、为国尽责、为民奉献的实际行动上。 会议指出，领导经济工作必须尊重客观实际和群众需求，必须有系统思维、科学谋划。领导干部要提高领导经济工作的专业能力，经济社会发展是一个系统工程，必须综合考虑政治和经济、现实和历史、物质和文化、发展和民生、资源和生态、国内和国际等多方面因素。领导干部要加强经济学知识、科技知识学习，特别是要悟透以人民为中心的发展思想，坚持正确政绩观，敬畏历史、敬畏文化、敬畏生态，慎重决策、慎重用权。要加强调查研究，坚持“三严三实”，坚决防止简单化、乱作为，坚决反对不担当、不作为。 会议强调，要坚持“外防输入、内防反弹”，科学精准做好疫情防控工作。要统筹安排好煤电油气运保障供应。做好粮油肉蛋奶果蔬等保供稳价。保障农民工工资发放，加强安全生产和公共安全。要全力做好冬奥会、冬残奥会服务保障工作，确保办成一届简约、安全、精彩的奥运盛会。 会议号召，全党同志要紧密团结在以习近平同志为核心的党中央周围，增强“四个意识”，坚定“四个自信”，做到“两个维护”，运用好党史学习教育成果，以实际行动把党中央决策部署落实到位，迎接党的二十大胜利召开。 中共中央政治局委员、中央书记处书记，全国人大常委会有关领导同志，国务委员，最高人民法院院长，最高人民检察院检察长，全国政协有关领导同志以及中央军委委员等出席会议。 各省、自治区、直辖市和计划单列市、新疆生产建设兵团党政主要负责同志，中央和国家机关有关部门、有关人民团体、中央管理的部分金融机构和企业、中央军委机关各部门主要负责同志等参加会议。 2021-12-30/shanghai/2021/1230/1686.html
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今年以来，外汇检查处全面落实总分局各项工作要求，积极开拓思路，开展银行外汇业务非现场问询工作,整体工作历时三个月，共排查线索2000余条，约谈银行14家，有效提升了银行合规风险意识和展业水平。 通过与银行外汇业务从业人员进行座谈，外汇检查人员及时了解银行外汇新产品研发营销情况、汇率避险产品设计宣传情况，与银行沟通了外汇政策执行情况，向银行宣讲了外汇政策法规及业务风险点，做好政策答疑解惑。同时，提示银行既要合规开展外汇业务，又要确保各项外汇便利化措施落实到位。 本次外汇非现场问询工作从风险角度出发，结合跨境资金流动趋势，筛选异常线索，灵活运用数据分析、电话邮件问询、调取影像资料等创新外汇监管方式，对现有银行外汇检查方法进行了有效的补充。既保证了疫情期间检查工作的正常开展，减少银行工作负担，又规范了银行操作，有效提升了银行风险意识和展业水平。 2021-08-23/shandong/2021/0823/1890.html
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8月26日下午，外汇局山东省分局召开2021年全省银行执行外汇管理政策情况通报会。人民银行济南分行党委委员、副行长，外汇局山东省分局副局长陈好孟出席会议并讲话。外汇各处室主要负责同志，驻济44家银行的分管行领导、国际业务相关部门主要负责同志参加了会议。 会上，陈好孟副局长分析了当前经济金融和外汇收支形势，对银行推动山东省外汇管理便利化改革取得的成绩给予充分肯定，指出了改革政策落实落细中亟待解决的问题，并就下一阶段银行贯彻落实外汇管理政策提出了任务及要求。 会议厘清了各银行在支持涉外经济发展、防范跨境资金流动风险中的责任和义务，明确了工作重点，为进一步强化政策落实与传导，不断促进全省涉外经济健康发展和国际收支平衡奠定了良好基础。 2021-08-26/shandong/2021/0826/1891.html
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8月18日上午，淄博市中心支局召开外汇管理工作推进会，会议主要内容是贯彻省分局年中工作会议精神，通报今年以来重点工作开展情况，分析当前外汇管理工作面临的形势任务，安排部署下一阶段我市外汇管理工作。 会上，刘洁副局长从以下7个方面对下一步工作提出要求：一是持续推进跨境贸易和跨境投融资便利化；二是进一步做好汇率避险相关工作；三是扩面增量，扎实推动跨境融资区块连平台应用工作；四是推进简政放权，加强内控管理；五是严格开展银行外汇业务合规与审慎经营评估工作；六是提升调研分析能力，强化监测和形势预判；七是继续抓好党史学习教育，持续推进全面从严治党。 2021-08-18/shandong/2021/0818/1887.html
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为深入落实总局支持涉外经济发展的各项政策，切实提升辖内企业国际化运营能力，8月26日，淄博市中心支局联合市商务局、齐商银行联合举办本外币一体化外汇政策宣讲活动。 刘洁同志在详细分析当前涉外经济形势的基础上，针对企业面临的国内外复杂的局面提出建议。 下一步淄博市中心支局将加大多部门联动力度，以涉外市场主体需求为导向，充分发挥“智汇”服务品牌及智囊专家团队业务优势，开展丰富多彩的政策培训和业务培训，进一步提升辖内涉外企业的政策获得感、过程体验感及服务满意感。 2021-08-27/shandong/2021/0827/1892.html
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为进一步落实总分局外汇管理工作会议精神，研究推进重点工作的具体措施，8月18日，临沂市中心支局召开临沂市银行外汇管理工作座谈会，围绕下半年外汇管理重点工作进行座谈交流，听取了重点银行的意见和建议。 会上，外汇管理科、国际收支科分别通报上半年银行在市场采购贸易、个人外汇业务、跨境金融区块链、汇率避险等重点工作方面的落实情况，并就下一步工作提出具体要求。 通过本次会议，进一步统一了思想，明确了方向，为外汇指定银行有效落实外汇局各项工作要求、高质量完成全年目标任务夯实了基础。 2021-08-19/shandong/2021/0819/1888.html
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为扎实推进“我为群众办实事”实践活动，提升企业汇率避险能力，深化跨境投融资便利化工作，助力涉外企业发展，8月11日，莱芜市中心支局副局长李念国带队，主动靠前服务，深入企业实地走访，以“点对点”“面对面”方式将外汇服务送进门。 座谈中，企业负责同志首先介绍了当前企业生产经营、进出口以及业务后续发展情况，并提出了汇率避险和跨境融资的外汇政策诉求。随后，莱芜市中心支局向企业详细介绍了跨境融资业务。 下一步，莱芜市中心支局将继续以“我为群众办实事”实践活动为契机，深入推进“外汇服务进万企”“汇率避险”等专项行动，不断提升市场主体的政策获得感和满意度。 2021-08-17/shandong/2021/0817/1886.html
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8月12日上午，烟台市中心支局召开2021年年中工作点评会。会议的主题是学习贯彻省分局2021年下半年工作会议精神，全面落实总分局外汇督查工作要求，点评全局上半年工作完成情况，安排部署下半年重点工作。 会上，中心支局外汇三科室点评了本专业2021上半年工作进展、安排了下半年工作。王卫东副局长作总结讲话，点评了当前履职中的问题及不足，从三个方面强调了下半年工作：一是找准“政治机关”定位，增加做好外汇工作的自豪感使命感。二是聚焦群众“急难愁盼”，将外汇督查进行到底。三是坚持“战斗力”标准，做好党建与业务工作融合和引领，坚决抵制社会不良倾向。 下一步，烟台市中心支局将坚持外汇为民理念，扎实推进“我为群众办实事”活动，统筹疫情防控和外汇管理服务，继续锐意进取、砥砺前行，扎实做好外汇管理各项工作，为促进全市涉外经济健康发展、助力辖区打造对外开放新高地做出更大贡献。 2021-08-16/shandong/2021/0816/1885.html
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近日，为积极落实“我为群众办实事”实践活动，德州市中心支局深入银行对“汇率避险”和“跨境金融区块链服务平台试点”等工作开展情况进行业务指导。外汇局人员对银行在业务办理过程中存在的问题进行了逐一解答，“面对面”向银行传导“汇率避险”和“跨境金融区块链服务平台试点”工作政策，为银行出谋划策，指导银行用足用好相关政策，助力银行多渠道为涉外企业提供优质服务。 下一步，德州市中心支局将继续深入银行进行业务指导，推动全辖涉外经济高质量发展。 2021-08-20/shandong/2021/0820/1889.html
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In November 2021,China’s international trade in goods and services recorded receipts of RMB 2186.0 billion and payments of RMB 1898.1 billion based on statistics of balance of payments (BOP), registering a surplus of RMB 287.9 billion. Specifically, trade in goods registered receipts of RMB 1978.5 billion, payments of RMB 1658.3 billion, recording a surplus of RMB 320.2 billion; trade in services recorded receipts of RMB 207.5 billion, payments of RMB 239.8 billion, resulting in a deficit of RMB 32.3 billion. In the US dollar terms, in November 2021, the receipts and payments of China's international trade in goods and services were USD 341.8 billion and USD 296.8 billion respectively, registering a surplus of USD 45.0 billion. Specifically, the receipts and payments from trade in goods were USD 309.4 billion and USD 259.3 billion respectively, resulting in a surplus of USD 50.1 billion. Trade in services registered receipts and payments of USD 32.4 billion and USD 37.5 billion respectively, recording a deficit of USD 5.0 billion. (End) International Trade in Goods and Services of China (Based on the BOP statistics) November 2021 Item In 100 million of RMB In 100 million of USD Goods and services 2879 450 Credit 21860 3418 Debit -18981 -2968 1. Goods 3202 501 Credit 19785 3094 Debit -16583 -2593 2. Services -323 -50 Credit 2075 324 Debit -2398 -375 2.1 Manufacturing services on physical inputs owned by others 75 12 Credit 79 12 Debit -4 -1 2.2 Maintenance and repair services n.i.e 23 4 Credit 44 7 Debit -21 -3 2.3 Transport -9 -1 Credit 901 141 Debit -910 -142 2.4 Travel -565 -88 Credit 61 10 Debit -627 -98 2.5 Construction 37 6 Credit 82 13 Debit -45 -7 2.6 Insurance and pension services -26 -4 Credit 53 8 Debit -79 -12 2.7 Financial services 0 0 Credit 28 4 Debit -28 -4 2.8 Charges for the use of intellectual property -120 -19 Credit 48 7 Debit -168 -26 2.9 Telecommunications, computer and information services 61 9 Credit 267 42 Debit -207 -32 2.10 Other business services 207 32 Credit 495 77 Debit -289 -45 2.11 Personal, cultural, and recreational services -10 -2 Credit 6 1 Debit -16 -3 2.12 Government goods and services n.i.e 6 1 Credit 10 2 Debit -4 -1 Notes: 1. The trade in goodsand services in this table refers to the transactions between residents andnon-residents, based on the same standard as that for BOP statement. The monthly data are preliminary and may be inconsistent with the quarterly data in the BOP statement. 2. The data on international trade in goods and services are prepared in USD, and the RMB data for the current month is derived by converting the USD data at the monthly average central parity rate of the RMB against the USD. 3. This table employs rounded-off numbers. Definition of Indicators: Goods and Services: refers to the trade in goods and services between residents and non-residents, which is based on the same standard as that for the BOP statement. 1. Goods: refers to transactions in goods whereby the economic ownership is transferred between the Chinese residents and non-residents. The credit side records export of goods, while the debit side records import of goods. The data of goods account are mainly from the customs statistics of imports and exports, but differ from the statistics of the customs mainly in the following aspects:first, the goods in the BOP statement only reflect the goods whose ownership has been transferred (e.g. goods under the trade modes such as general trade and processing trade with imported materials), while the goods whose ownershipis not transferred (e.g. manufacturing services with supplied materials or with exported materials) are included in the statistics of trade in services instead of the statistics of trade in goods; second, as required by the BOP statistics, the goods imported and exported are valued on the FOB basis, but as required by the customs, the goods exported are valued on the FOB basis, whereas goods imported are on the CIF basis. Therefore, for the purpose of the BOP statistics, the international transport and insurance premiums are taken out from the value of imported goods and included in the trade in services; and third, the data on net export of goods in merchanting which are not included in the customs statistics are supplemented. 2. Services: includes manufacturing services on physical inputs owned by others, maintenance and repair services n.i.e, transport, travel,construction, insurance and pension services, financial services, charges for the use of intellectual property, telecommunications, computer and information services, other business services, personal, cultural and recreational services, and government goods and services n.i.e. The credit side records services supplied, while the debit side records services received. 2.1 Manufacturingservices on physical owned by others: processor only provides processing, assembly, packaging and other services and charges service fee from the owner, while the ownership of the goods isnot transferred between the owner and the processor. The credit side records the manufacturing services supplied by the Chinese residents on physical inputs owned by non-residents, and vice versa for debit side. 2.2 Maintenance and repair services: refer to the maintenance and repair services supplied by residents to non-residents or vice versa on goods and equipment (such as vessel, aircraft, and other transportation facility) owned by the receiving party. The credit side records the maintenance and repair services supplied by the Chinese residents to non-residents, and vice versa for debit side. 2.3 Transport: refers to the process of transporting people and goods from one place to another, and the relevant supporting and auxiliary services, as well as postaland delivery services. The credit side records the international transport, postal and delivery services supplied by residents to non-residents, and vice versa for debit side. 2.4 Travel: refers to goods consumed and services purchased by travelers in various economies as non-residents. The credit side records the goods and services provided by the Chinese residents to non-residents who have stayed in China for less than one year, as well as non-residents studying abroad and seeking medical treatment for indefinite period of stay. The debit side records the goods and services purchased by the Chinese residents when traveling, studying or seeking medical services abroad from non-residents. 2.5 Construction services: refer to the establishment, renovation, maintenance or expansion of fixed assets in the form of buildings, land improvement, roads, bridges and dams and other engineering buildings of engineering nature, relevant installation,assembly, painting, pipeline construction, demolition and project management,as well as site preparation, measurement and blasting and other special services. The credit side records the construction services provided by the Chinese residents outside the economic territory. The debit side records the construction services received by the Chinese residents in the Chinese economic territory from non-residents. 2.6 Insuranceand pension services: refers to various insurance services and commission to agents related with insurance transaction. The credit side records the life insurance and annuity, non-lifeinsurance, reinsurance, standardized guarantee services and relevant supporting services supplied by the Chinese residents to non-residents, and vice versa for debit side. 2.7 Financial services: refer to financial intermediation and supporting services, excluding those covered by insurance and pension services. The credit side records the financial intermediation and supporting services supplied by the Chinese residents to non-residents, and vice versa for debit side. 2.8 Charges for the use of intellectual property: refer to licensed use of intangible, non-productive/non-financial assets and exclusive rights between residents and non-residents and the licensed use of existing original works or prototypes. The credit side records the intellectual property-related services supplied by the Chinese residents to non-residents, and vice versa for debit side. 2.9 Telecommunications, computer and information services: refer tocommunications services between residents and non-residents and transactions of services related to computer data and news, excluding commercial services delivered via telephone, computer and Internet. The credit side records the telecommunications, computer and information services supplied by residents to non-residents, and vice versa for debit side. 2.10 Other business services: refer to other types of services between residents and non-residents, including research and development services, professional and management consulting services, technical and trade-related services. The credit side records the other business services supplied by the Chinese residents to non-residents, and vice versa for debit side. 2.11 Personal, cultural and recreational services: refer to transactions of personal, cultural and recreational services between residents and non-residents, including audiovisual and related services (films,radio, television programs and music recordings) and other personal, cultural and recreational services (health, education, etc.). The credit side records the related services supplied by the Chinese residents to non-residents, and vice versa for debit side. 2.12 Government goods and services n.i.e: refer to various goods and services provided and purchased by governments and international organizations not included in other categories of goods and services. The credit side records the goods and services not included elsewhere and supplied by the Chinese residents to non-residents, and vice versa for debit side. 2021-12-30/en/2021/1230/1902.html