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用中长期规划指导经济社会发展是我们党治国理政的一种重要方式 习近平 一 发展理念是发展行动的先导,是管全局、管根本、管方向、管长远的东西,是发展思路、发展方向、发展着力点的集中体现。发展理念搞对了,目标任务就好定了,政策举措也就跟着好定了。为此,建议稿提出了创新、协调、绿色、开放、共享的发展理念,并以这五大发展理念为主线对建议稿进行谋篇布局。这五大发展理念,是“十三五”乃至更长时期我国发展思路、发展方向、发展着力点的集中体现,也是改革开放30多年来我国发展经验的集中体现,反映出我们党对我国发展规律的新认识。 (2015年10月26日《关于〈中共中央关于制定国民经济和社会发展第十三个五年规划的建议〉的说明》) 二 要加强对编制“十三五”规划纲要和专项规划的领导,落实《建议》确定的发展理念、主要目标、重点任务、重大举措,特别是要围绕贯彻五大发展理念提出具体措施和指标。各地区编制本地区发展规划,要结合实际,实事求是,留有余地,不能搞层层加码。要把抓落实摆在突出位置,制定具体方案,明确责任分工,防止任务落空,坚决克服“规划规划、墙上挂挂”,“规划是一套、做起来是另一套”的现象。 (2015年10月29日在党的十八届五中全会第二次全体会议上的讲话) 三 用中长期规划指导经济社会发展,是我们党治国理政的一种重要方式。从1953年开始,我国已经编制实施了13个五年规划(计划),其中改革开放以来编制实施8个,有力推动了经济社会发展、综合国力提升、人民生活改善,创造了世所罕见的经济快速发展奇迹和社会长期稳定奇迹。实践证明,中长期发展规划既能充分发挥市场在资源配置中的决定性作用,又能更好发挥政府作用。 (2020年8月24日在经济社会领域专家座谈会上的讲话) 四 人民对美好生活的向往就是我们的奋斗目标。好的方针政策和发展规划都应该顺应人民意愿、符合人民所思所盼,从群众中来、到群众中去。长期以来,我们党在出台重要方针政策、作出重大决策部署前,都要求有关部门深入基层调查研究,了解和掌握第一手材料。实事求是是我们党的思想路线的重要内容,早在延安时期,毛泽东同志就强调“共产党员应是实事求是的模范”,“只有实事求是,才能完成确定的任务”,认为调查研究的方法“第一是眼睛向下,不要只是昂首望天”,“第二是开调查会”。五年规划编制涉及经济社会发展方方面面,同人民群众生产生活息息相关,需要把加强顶层设计和坚持问计于民统一起来,鼓励广大人民群众和社会各界以各种方式建言献策。 (2020年9月17日在基层代表座谈会上的讲话) 五 “十四五”时期是我国全面建成小康社会、实现第一个百年奋斗目标之后,乘势而上开启全面建设社会主义现代化国家新征程、向第二个百年奋斗目标进军的第一个五年,我国将进入新发展阶段。用中长期规划指导经济社会发展,是我们党治国理政的一种重要方式。我们要着眼长远、把握大势,开门问策、集思广益,把加强顶层设计和坚持问计于民结合起来,把社会期盼、群众智慧、专家意见、基层经验充分吸收到规划编制中来。 (2020年9月22日在教育文化卫生体育领域专家代表座谈会上的讲话) 六 通过互联网就“十四五”规划编制向全社会征求意见和建议,在我国五年规划编制史上是第一次。这次活动效果很好,社会参与度很高,提出了许多建设性的意见和建议。有关部门要及时梳理分析、认真吸收。广大人民群众提出的意见和建议广泛而具体,充分表达了对美好生活的新期盼。人民对美好生活的向往就是我们的奋斗目标,人民的信心和支持就是我们国家奋进的力量。要总结这次活动的经验和做法,在今后工作中更好发挥互联网在倾听人民呼声、汇聚人民智慧方面的作用,更好集思广益、凝心聚力。 (2020年9月25日对“十四五”规划编制工作网上意见征求活动的指示) 七 建议稿提出,“十四五”时期经济社会发展要以推动高质量发展为主题,这是根据我国发展阶段、发展环境、发展条件变化作出的科学判断。我国仍处于并将长期处于社会主义初级阶段,我国仍然是世界上最大的发展中国家,发展仍然是我们党执政兴国的第一要务。必须强调的是,新时代新阶段的发展必须贯彻新发展理念,必须是高质量发展。当前,我国社会主要矛盾已经转化为人民日益增长的美好生活需要和不平衡不充分的发展之间的矛盾,发展中的矛盾和问题集中体现在发展质量上。这就要求我们必须把发展质量问题摆在更为突出的位置,着力提升发展质量和效益。 (2020年10月26日《关于〈中共中央关于制定国民经济和社会发展 第十四个五年规划和二〇三五年远景目标的建议〉的说明》) 八 从第一个五年计划到第十四个五年规划,一以贯之的主题是把我国建设成为社会主义现代化国家。我们走过弯路,也遭遇过一些意想不到的困难和挫折,但建设社会主义现代化国家的意志和决心始终没有动摇。在这个过程中,我们党对建设社会主义现代化国家在认识上不断深入、在战略上不断成熟、在实践上不断丰富,加速了我国现代化发展进程,为新发展阶段全面建设社会主义现代化国家奠定了实践基础、理论基础、制度基础。 (2020年10月29日在党的十九届五中全会第二次全体会议上的讲话) 九 这次党中央制定规划建议,把加强顶层设计和坚持问计于民统一起来,强调发扬民主、开门问策、集思广益,征求意见范围之大、参与人数之多、形式之多样是前所未有的。要根据《建议》制定好“十四五”规划纲要和专项规划、地方规划,注意倾听人民呼声、汇聚人民智慧。各地区编制本地区规划要结合实际,实事求是,留有余地,不能搞层层加码。要坚持和完善规划有效实施的机制,完善规划实施中的动态监测、中期评估、总结评估机制,提高规划执行力和落实力。 (2020年10月29日在党的十九届五中全会第二次全体会议上的讲话) 十 新中国成立不久,我们党就提出建设社会主义现代化国家的目标,经过13个五年规划(计划),我们已经为实现这个目标奠定了坚实基础,未来30年将是我们完成这个历史宏愿的新发展阶段。我们已经明确了未来发展的路线图和时间表。这就是,到2035年,用3个五年规划期,基本实现社会主义现代化。然后,再用3个五年规划期,到本世纪中叶,把我国建成富强民主文明和谐美丽的社会主义现代化强国。 (2021年1月11日在省部级主要领导干部学习贯彻党的十九届五中全会精神专题研讨班上的讲话) 十一 党的十九届五中全会精神能否贯彻落实好,事关未来5年、15年乃至更长时期党和国家事业发展大局。全会通过的“十四五”规划《建议》内容十分丰富,既有宏观思路、指导原则、战略思想,又有具体要求,既有党的十八大以来一以贯之的战略部署,又有新的重大判断、新的战略举措,不狠下一番功夫,是学不到手的。学不到手,贯彻全会精神就抓不住要害、踩不到点上、落不到实处。各级领导干部特别是高级干部要原原本本学习、逐条逐段领悟,在整体把握的前提下,突出领会好重点和创新点,发扬理论联系实际的优良学风,立足当前、着眼长远,增强工作积极性、主动性、创造性。 (2021年1月11日在省部级主要领导干部学习贯彻党的十九届五中全会精神专题研讨班上的讲话) 十二 全面建成社会主义现代化强国,总的战略安排是分两步走:从二〇二〇年到二〇三五年基本实现社会主义现代化;从二〇三五年到本世纪中叶把我国建成富强民主文明和谐美丽的社会主义现代化强国。 到二〇三五年,我国发展的总体目标是:经济实力、科技实力、综合国力大幅跃升,人均国内生产总值迈上新的大台阶,达到中等发达国家水平;实现高水平科技自立自强,进入创新型国家前列;建成现代化经济体系,形成新发展格局,基本实现新型工业化、信息化、城镇化、农业现代化;基本实现国家治理体系和治理能力现代化,全过程人民民主制度更加健全,基本建成法治国家、法治政府、法治社会;建成教育强国、科技强国、人才强国、文化强国、体育强国、健康中国,国家文化软实力显著增强;人民生活更加幸福美好,居民人均可支配收入再上新台阶,中等收入群体比重明显提高,基本公共服务实现均等化,农村基本具备现代生活条件,社会保持长期稳定,人的全面发展、全体人民共同富裕取得更为明显的实质性进展;广泛形成绿色生产生活方式,碳排放达峰后稳中有降,生态环境根本好转,美丽中国目标基本实现;国家安全体系和能力全面加强,基本实现国防和军队现代化。 在基本实现现代化的基础上,我们要继续奋斗,到本世纪中叶,把我国建设成为综合国力和国际影响力领先的社会主义现代化强国。 未来五年是全面建设社会主义现代化国家开局起步的关键时期,主要目标任务是:经济高质量发展取得新突破,科技自立自强能力显著提升,构建新发展格局和建设现代化经济体系取得重大进展;改革开放迈出新步伐,国家治理体系和治理能力现代化深入推进,社会主义市场经济体制更加完善,更高水平开放型经济新体制基本形成;全过程人民民主制度化、规范化、程序化水平进一步提高,中国特色社会主义法治体系更加完善;人民精神文化生活更加丰富,中华民族凝聚力和中华文化影响力不断增强;居民收入增长和经济增长基本同步,劳动报酬提高与劳动生产率提高基本同步,基本公共服务均等化水平明显提升,多层次社会保障体系更加健全;城乡人居环境明显改善,美丽中国建设成效显著;国家安全更为巩固,建军一百年奋斗目标如期实现,平安中国建设扎实推进;中国国际地位和影响进一步提高,在全球治理中发挥更大作用。 (2022年10月16日在中国共产党第二十次全国代表大会上的报告) 十三 党的二十大报告深刻阐述了中国式现代化的中国特色、本质要求和重大原则,是对推进中国式现代化的最高顶层设计。中国式现代化是分阶段、分领域推进的,实现各个阶段发展目标、落实各个领域发展战略同样需要进行顶层设计。进行顶层设计,需要深刻洞察世界发展大势,准确把握人民群众的共同愿望,深入探索经济社会发展规律,使制定的规划和政策体系体现时代性、把握规律性、富于创造性,做到远近结合、上下贯通、内容协调。同时,推进中国式现代化是一个探索性事业,还有许多未知领域,需要我们在实践中去大胆探索,通过改革创新来推动事业发展,决不能刻舟求剑、守株待兔。各地区各部门要结合各自具体实际开拓创新,特别是在前沿实践、未知领域,鼓励大胆探索、敢为人先,寻求有效解决新矛盾新问题的思路和办法,努力创造可复制、可推广的新鲜经验。 (2023年2月7日在新进中央委员会的委员、候补委员和省部级主要领导干部 学习贯彻习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想和党的二十大精神研讨班上的讲话) 十四 今年是实现“十四五”规划目标任务的关键一年,明年是收官之年、也是谋划“十五五”规划之年。“十四五”规划目标任务实现情况如何,“十五五”规划要确定什么样的目标任务,要提前研究,总结评估“十四五”规划落实情况,切实搞好“十五五”规划前期谋划工作。 (2024年7月18日在党的二十届三中全会第二次全体会议上的讲话) 十五 2025年是“十四五”规划收官之年。我们要坚持以新时代中国特色社会主义思想为指导,全面贯彻党的二十大和二十届二中、三中全会精神,坚持稳中求进工作总基调,坚持把发展立足点放在高质量发展上,完整准确全面贯彻新发展理念,加快构建新发展格局,进一步全面深化改革,扩大高水平对外开放,防范化解重点领域风险和外部冲击,推动经济持续回升向好,保持社会和谐稳定,纵深推进全面从严治党。我们将制定“十五五”规划建议,向着宏伟目标接续奋进。 (2025年1月27日在2025年春节团拜会上的讲话) 十六 科学制定和接续实施五年规划,是我们党治国理政一条重要经验,也是中国特色社会主义一个重要政治优势。谋划“十五五”时期经济社会发展,必须准确把握“十五五”时期的阶段性要求,着眼强国建设、民族复兴伟业,紧紧围绕基本实现社会主义现代化目标,一个领域一个领域合理确定目标任务、提出思路举措。对各方面的目标任务,要深入分析论证,确保科学精准、能够如期实现。要统筹谋划,抓住关键性、决定性因素,把握好节奏和进度,注重巩固拓展优势、突破瓶颈堵点、补强短板弱项、提高质量效益,与整体目标保持取向一致性。 (2025年4月30日在部分省区市“十五五”时期经济社会发展座谈会上的讲话) ※这是习近平总书记2015年10月至2025年4月期间有关用中长期规划指导经济社会发展是我们党治国理政的一种重要方式重要论述的节录。 2025-06-16/safe/2025/0616/26205.html
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中国国际收支货物和服务贸易数据(更新至2025年4月) 2025-06-13/jiangxi/2025/0613/2753.html
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为进一步优化行政许可业务管理,自2025年6月18日起,国家外汇管理局江西省分局辖内宜春市分局高安营业管理部、上饶市分局鄱阳营业管理部、上饶市分局万年营业管理部、吉安市分局井冈山营业管理部(以下简称“派出机构”)经常项目和资本项目条线行政许可专用章(印章名称详见附件)正式启用。 行政许可专用章形状为圆形,直径4.0厘米,中央刊五角星,外圆刊“国家外汇管理局XXX分局”,文字自左而右环行,五角星下方刊“行政许可专用章编号”,文字自左而右横排,编号在“行政许可专用章”正下方。派出机构使用的行政许可专用章的编号为两位数,十位上的数字用于区分使用该印章的派出机构,个位上的数字2代表经常项目业务条线,数字3代表资本项目业务条线。 附件:国家外汇管理局江西省分局辖内市分局县域派出机构启用印章名称 国家外汇管理局江西省分局 2025年6月16日 2025-06-16/jiangxi/2025/0616/2755.html
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境外放款业务如因客观原因无法收回本息,应如何办理注销? 根据《国家外汇管理局关于印发〈资本项目外汇业务指引(2024年版)〉的通知》(汇发〔2024〕12号)2.4.4.2变更与注销登记第(3)条: 境外放款到期(含展期到期)收回本息,或未到期但本息已回收完毕、境外放款登记后未汇出等常规境外放款注销业务,放款人可直接在所属省级分局辖内银行办理境外放款注销登记。除此之外,如确有客观原因无法按期收回境外放款本息,放款人应到所在地外汇局申请注销该笔境外放款。对于无正当理由的逾期放款或逾期不回收的,外汇局可暂停放款人新的境外放款业务。 2025-06-16/tianjin/2025/0616/2812.html
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6月6日,外汇局黔西南州分局与州税务局、商务局召开联合研判座谈会。会议围绕打击涉汇、涉税违法犯罪活动、强化监管防范跨境资金流动风险等内容展开交流,就进一步加强信息共享与协作力度,提升事中事后监管效能,促进辖区涉外经济健康有序发展达成有效共识。 2025-06-16/guizhou/2025/0616/1750.html
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为保障跨境业务稳健发展,促进跨境贸易与投融资便利化,近日,外汇局宁波市分局北仑营管部组织镇海区银行外汇与跨境人民币展业自律机制召开银行外汇展业培训与便利化政策推进会,镇海区20家银行的国际业务负责人及业务骨干参会。 会上重点讲解了外汇展业、银行自律机制方面的最新政策要求,明确了人才用汇便利化试点、委托境外加工等便利化措施与业务办理要点。同时培训结合了一季度镇海区各家银行便利化措施落地情况及实际案例,进一步强化了银行风险防范意识,推进“促便利”与“防风险”能力双提升。 2025-06-17/ningbo/2025/0617/2370.html
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The time-series data of China's Gross External Debt Position by Sector(since2014Q4) 2025-06-27/en/2018/0329/1412.html
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2025年5月,我国国际收支货物和服务贸易进出口规模41643亿元,同比增长3%。其中,货物贸易出口20498亿元,进口15315亿元,顺差5183亿元;服务贸易出口2356亿元,进口3474亿元,逆差1118亿元。服务贸易主要项目为:运输服务进出口规模1714亿元,旅行服务进出口规模1632亿元,其他商业服务进出口规模1036亿元,电信、计算机和信息服务进出口规模592亿元。 按美元计值,2025年5月,我国国际收支货物和服务贸易出口3176亿美元,进口2611亿美元,顺差565亿美元。(完) 中国国际收支货物和服务贸易数据 2025年5月 项目 按人民币计值 (亿元) 按美元计值 (亿美元) 货物和服务贸易差额 4064 565 贷方 22854 3176 借方 -18789 -2611 1.货物贸易差额 5183 720 贷方 20498 2849 借方 -15315 -2129 2.服务贸易差额 -1118 -155 贷方 2356 327 借方 -3474 -483 2.1加工服务差额 53 7 贷方 68 9 借方 -15 -2 2.2维护和维修服务差额 27 4 贷方 72 10 借方 -45 -6 2.3运输差额 -254 -35 贷方 730 101 借方 -984 -137 2.4旅行差额 -1018 -142 贷方 307 43 借方 -1325 -184 2.5建设差额 49 7 贷方 107 15 借方 -58 -8 2.6保险和养老金服务差额 -36 -5 贷方 18 3 借方 -55 -8 2.7金融服务差额 3 0 贷方 24 3 借方 -22 -3 2.8知识产权使用费差额 -241 -33 贷方 35 5 借方 -276 -38 2.9电信、计算机和信息服务差额 116 16 贷方 354 49 借方 -238 -33 2.10其他商业服务差额 205 28 贷方 620 86 借方 -416 -58 2.11个人、文化和娱乐服务差额 -19 -3 贷方 10 1 借方 -29 -4 2.12别处未提及的政府货物和服务差额 -3 0 贷方 9 1 借方 -12 -2 注: 1. 本表所称国际收支货物和服务贸易与国际收支平衡表中的货物和服务口径一致,是指居民与非居民之间发生的交易。月度数据为初步数据,可能与国际收支平衡表中的季度数据不一致。 2. 国际收支货物和服务贸易数据按美元编制,当月人民币计值数据由美元数据按月均人民币对美元中间价折算得到。 3. 本表计数采用四舍五入原则。 指标解释: 国际收支货物和服务贸易:是指居民与非居民之间发生的货物贸易和服务贸易进出口,与国际收支平衡表的口径相同。 1.货物贸易: 指经济所有权在我国居民与非居民之间发生转移的货物进出口。贷方记录货物出口,借方记录货物进口。货物账户数据主要来源于海关进出口统计,但与海关统计存在以下主要区别:一是国际收支中的货物只记录所有权发生了转移的货物(如一般贸易、进料加工贸易等贸易方式的货物),所有权未发生转移的货物(如来料加工或出料加工贸易)不纳入货物统计,而纳入服务贸易统计;二是计价方面,国际收支统计要求进出口货值均按离岸价格记录,海关出口货值为离岸价格,但进口货值为到岸价格,因此国际收支统计从海关进口货值中调出国际运保费支出,并纳入服务贸易统计;三是补充了海关未统计的转手买卖下的货物净出口数据。 2.服务贸易:包括加工服务,维护和维修服务,运输,旅行,建设,保险和养老金服务,金融服务,知识产权使用费,电信、计算机和信息服务,其他商业服务,个人、文化和娱乐服务以及别处未提及的政府服务。贷方记录我国提供的服务,即服务出口;借方记录我国接受的服务,即服务进口。 2.1加工服务:又称“对他人拥有的实物投入的制造服务”,指货物的所有权没有在所有者和加工方之间发生转移,加工方仅提供加工、装配、包装等服务,并从货物所有者处收取加工服务费用。贷方记录我国居民为非居民拥有的实物提供的加工服务。借方记录我国居民接受非居民的加工服务。 2.2维护和维修服务:指居民或非居民向对方所拥有的货物和设备(如船舶、飞机及其他运输工具)提供的维修和保养工作。贷方记录我国居民向非居民提供的维护和维修服务。借方记录我国居民接受的非居民维护和维修服务。 2.3运输:指将人和物体从一地点运送至另一地点的过程以及相关辅助和附属服务,以及邮政和邮递服务。贷方记录居民向非居民提供的国际运输、邮政快递等服务。借方记录居民接受的非居民国际运输、邮政快递等服务。 2.4旅行:指旅行者在其作为非居民的经济体旅行期间消费的物品和购买的服务。贷方记录我国居民向在我国境内停留不足一年的非居民以及停留期限不限的非居民留学人员和就医人员提供的货物和服务。借方记录我国居民境外旅行、留学或就医期间购买的非居民货物和服务。 2.5建设服务:指建筑形式的固定资产的建立、翻修、维修或扩建,工程性质的土地改良、道路、桥梁和水坝等工程建筑,相关的安装、组装、油漆、管道施工、拆迁和工程管理等,以及场地准备、测量和爆破等专项服务。贷方记录我国居民在经济领土之外提供的建设服务。借方记录我国居民在我国经济领土内接受的非居民建设服务。 2.6保险和养老金服务:指各种保险服务,以及同保险交易有关的代理商的佣金。贷方记录我国居民向非居民提供的人寿保险和年金、非人寿保险、再保险、标准化担保服务以及相关辅助服务。借方记录我国居民接受非居民的人寿保险和年金、非人寿保险、再保险、标准化担保服务以及相关辅助服务。 2.7金融服务:指金融中介和辅助服务,但不包括保险和养老金服务项目所涉及的服务。贷方记录我国居民向非居民提供的金融中介和辅助服务。借方记录我国居民接受非居民的金融中介和辅助服务。 2.8知识产权使用费:指居民和非居民之间经许可使用无形的、非生产/非金融资产和专有权以及经特许安排使用已问世的原作或原型的行为。贷方记录我国居民向非居民提供的知识产权相关服务。借方记录我国居民使用的非居民知识产权服务。 2.9电信、计算机和信息服务:指居民和非居民之间的通信服务以及与计算机数据和新闻有关的服务交易,但不包括以电话、计算机和互联网为媒介交付的商业服务。贷方记录本国居民向非居民提供的电信服务、计算机服务和信息服务。借方记录本国居民接受非居民提供的电信服务、计算机服务和信息服务。 2.10其他商业服务: 指居民和非居民之间其他类型的服务,包括研发服务,专业和管理咨询服务,技术、贸易相关等服务。贷方记录我国居民向非居民提供的其他商业服务。借方记录我国居民接受的非居民其他商业服务。 2.11个人、文化娱乐服务:指居民和非居民之间与个人、文化和娱乐有关的服务交易,包括视听和相关服务(电影、收音机、电视节目和音乐录制品),其他个人、文化娱乐服务(健康、教育等)。贷方记录我国居民向非居民提供的相关服务。借方记录我国居民接受的非居民相关服务。 2.12别处未提及的政府货物和服务:指在其他货物和服务类别中未包括的政府和国际组织提供和购买的各项货物和服务。贷方记录我国居民向非居民提供的别处未涵盖的货物和服务。借方记录我国居民向非居民购买的别处未涵盖的货物和服务。 2025-06-27/safe/2025/0627/26252.html
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In May 2025, the export and import of China’s international trade in goods and services totalled RMB 4164.3 billion, up 3 percent over the same time last year. Of this, the export of goods recorded RMB 2049.8 billion and the import recorded RMB 1531.5 billion, resulting in a surplus of RMB 518.3 billion. The export of services recorded RMB 235.6 billion and the import recorded RMB 347.4 billion, resulting in a deficit of RMB 111.8 billion. In terms of the major items, the export and import of transport, travel, other business services, telecommunications, computer and information services registered RMB 171.4 billion, RMB 163.2 billion, RMB 103.6 billion and RMB 59.2 billion respectively. In the US dollar terms, in May 2025, the export and import of China’s international trade in goods and services were USD 317.6 billion and USD 261.1 billion respectively, with a surplus of USD 56.5 billion.(End) International Trade in Goods and Services of China May 2025 Item In 100 million of RMB In 100 million of USD Goods and services 4064 565 Credit 22854 3176 Debit -18789 -2611 1. Goods 5183 720 Credit 20498 2849 Debit -15315 -2129 2. Services -1118 -155 Credit 2356 327 Debit -3474 -483 2.1Manufacturing services on physical inputs owned by others 53 7 Credit 68 9 Debit -15 -2 2.2Maintenance and repair services n.i.e 27 4 Credit 72 10 Debit -45 -6 2.3Transport -254 -35 Credit 730 101 Debit -984 -137 2.4Travel -1018 -142 Credit 307 43 Debit -1325 -184 2.5Construction 49 7 Credit 107 15 Debit -58 -8 2.6Insurance and pension services -36 -5 Credit 18 3 Debit -55 -8 2.7Financial services 3 0 Credit 24 3 Debit -22 -3 2.8Charges for the use of intellectual property -241 -33 Credit 35 5 Debit -276 -38 2.9Telecommunications, computer and information services 116 16 Credit 354 49 Debit -238 -33 2.10Other business services 205 28 Credit 620 86 Debit -416 -58 2.11Personal, cultural, and recreational services -19 -3 Credit 10 1 Debit -29 -4 2.12Government goods and services n.i.e -3 0 Credit 9 1 Debit -12 -2 Notes: 1. The international trade in goods and services in this table refers to the transactions between residents and non-residents, based on the same standard as that for BOP statement. The monthly data are preliminary and may be inconsistent with the quarterly data in the BOP statement. 2. The data on international trade in goods and services are prepared in USD, and the RMB data for the current month is derived by converting the USD data at the monthly average central parity rate of the RMB against the USD. 3. This table employs rounded-off numbers. Definition of Indicators: Goods and Services: refers to the trade in goods and services between residents and non-residents, which is based on the same standard as that for the BOP statement. 1. Goods: refers to transactions in goods whereby the economic ownership is transferred between the Chinese residents and non-residents. The credit side records export of goods, while the debit side records import of goods. The data of goods account are mainly from the customs statistics of imports and exports, but differ from the statistics of the customs mainly in the following aspects: first, the goods in the BOP statement only reflect the goods whose ownership has been transferred (e.g. goods under the trade modes such as general trade and processing trade with imported materials), while the goods whose ownership is not transferred (e.g. manufacturing services with supplied materials or with exported materials) are included in the statistics of trade in services instead of the statistics of trade in goods; second, as required by the BOP statistics, the goods imported and exported are valued on the FOB basis, but as required by the customs, the goods exported are valued on the FOB basis, whereas goods imported are on the CIF basis. Therefore, for the purpose of the BOP statistics, the international transport and insurance premiums are taken out from the value of imported goods and included in the trade in services; and third, the data on net export of goods in merchanting which are not included in the customs statistics are supplemented. 2. Services: includes manufacturing services on physical inputs owned by others, maintenance and repair services n.i.e, transport, travel, construction, insurance and pension services, financial services, charges for the use of intellectual property, telecommunications, computer and information services, other business services, personal, cultural and recreational services, and government goods and services n.i.e. The credit side records services supplied, while the debit side records services received. 2.1 Manufacturing services on physical owned by others: processor only provides processing, assembly, packaging and other services and charges service fee from the owner, while the ownership of the goods is not transferred between the owner and the processor. The credit side records the manufacturing services supplied by the Chinese residents on physical inputs owned by non-residents, and vice versa for debit side. 2.2 Maintenance and repair services: refer to the maintenance and repair services supplied by residents to non-residents or vice versa on goods and equipment (such as vessel, aircraft, and other transportation facility) owned by the receiving party. The credit side records the maintenance and repair services supplied by the Chinese residents to non-residents, and vice versa for debit side. 2.3 Transport: refers to the process of transporting people and goods from one place to another, and the relevant supporting and auxiliary services, as well as postal and delivery services. The credit side records the international transport, postal and delivery services supplied by residents to non-residents, and vice versa for debit side. 2.4 Travel: refers to goods consumed and services purchased by travelers in various economies as non-residents. The credit side records the goods and services provided by the Chinese residents to non-residents who have stayed in China for less than one year, as well as non-residents studying abroad and seeking medical treatment for indefinite period of stay. The debit side records the goods and services purchased by the Chinese residents when traveling, studying or seeking medical services abroad from non-residents. 2.5 Construction services: refer to the establishment, renovation, maintenance or expansion of fixed assets in the form of buildings, land improvement, roads, bridges and dams and other engineering buildings of engineering nature, relevant installation, assembly, painting, pipeline construction, demolition and project management,as well as site preparation, measurement and blasting and other special services. The credit side records the construction services provided by the Chinese residents outside the economic territory. The debit side records the construction services received by the Chinese residents in the Chinese economic territory from non-residents. 2.6 Insurance and pension services: refers to various insurance services and commission to agents related with insurance transaction. The credit side records the life insurance and annuity, non-lifeinsurance, reinsurance, standardized guarantee services and relevant supporting services supplied by the Chinese residents to non-residents, and vice versa for debit side. 2.7 Financial services: refer to financial intermediation and supporting services, excluding those covered by insurance and pension services. The credit side records the financial intermediation and supporting services supplied by the Chinese residents to non-residents, and vice versa for debit side. 2.8 Charges for the use of intellectual property: refer to licensed use of intangible, non-productive/non-financial assets and exclusive rights between residents and non-residents and the licensed use of existing original works or prototypes. The credit side records the intellectual property-related services supplied by the Chinese residents to non-residents, and vice versa for debit side. 2.9 Telecommunications, computer and information services: refer tocommunications services between residents and non-residents and transactions of services related to computer data and news, excluding commercial services delivered via telephone, computer and Internet. The credit side records the telecommunications, computer and information services supplied by residents to non-residents, and vice versa for debit side. 2.10 Other business services: refer to other types of services between residents and non-residents, including research and development services, professional and management consulting services, technical and trade-related services. The credit side records the other business services supplied by the Chinese residents to non-residents, and vice versa for debit side. 2.11 Personal, cultural and recreational services: refer to transactions of personal, cultural and recreational services between residents and non-residents, including audiovisual and related services (films, radio, television programs and music recordings) and other personal, cultural and recreational services (health, education, etc.). The credit side records the related services supplied by the Chinese residents to non-residents, and vice versa for debit side. 2.12 Government goods and services n.i.e: refer to various goods and services provided and purchased by governments and international organizations not included in other categories of goods and services. The credit side records the goods and services not included elsewhere and supplied by the Chinese residents to non-residents, and vice versa for debit side. 2025-06-27/en/2025/0627/2314.html
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As at the end of March 2025, China recorded RMB 17.5967 trillion in outstanding external debt denominated in both domestic and foreign currencies (equivalent to USD 2451.4 billion, excluding those of Hong Kong SAR, Macao SAR, and Taiwan Province of China, the same below). In terms of maturity structure, the outstanding medium and long-term external debt was RMB 7424.8 billion (equivalent to USD 1034.4 billion), accounting for 42 percent; while the outstanding short-term external debt was RMB 10171.9billion (equivalent to USD 1417.0 billion), taking up 58 percent,of which 33 percent was trade-related credit. In terms of institutional sectors, the outstanding debt of general government totaled RMB 2906.2 billion (equivalent to USD 404.9 billion), accounting for 16 percent; the outstanding debt of the central bank totaled RMB 807.7 billion (equivalent to USD 112.5billion), accounting for 5 percent; the outstanding debt of banks totaled RMB 7714.3 billion (equivalent to USD 1074.7 billion), accounting for 44 percent; the outstanding debt of other sectors (including inter-company lending under direct investments) totaled RMB 6168.5 billion (equivalent to USD 859.3 billion), accounting for 35 percent. In terms of debt instruments, the balance of loans was RMB 2358.5 billion (equivalent to USD 328.5 billion), accounting for 13 percent; the outstanding trade credits and advances was RMB 2690.4 billion (equivalent to USD 374.8 billion), accounting for 15 percent; the outstanding currency and deposits was RMB 3390.1 billion (equivalent to USD 472.3 billion), accounting for 19 percent; the outstanding debt securities was RMB 6235.2 billion (equivalent to USD 868.6 billion), accounting for 36 percent; the Special Drawing Rights (SDR) allocation amounted to RMB 345.3 billion (equivalent to USD 48.1billion), accounting for 2 percent; the balance of inter-company lending under direct investments totaled RMB 1710.3 billion (equivalent to USD 238.3 billion), accounting for 10 percent; and the balance of other debt liabilities was RMB 866.9 billion (equivalent to USD 120.8 billion), accounting for 5 percent. With respect to currency structures, the outstanding external debt in domestic currency totaled RMB 9163.4 billion (equivalent to USD 1276.6billion), accounting for 52 percent; the outstanding external debt in foreign currencies (including SDR allocation) totaled RMB 8433.3 billion (equivalent to USD 1174.8 billion), accounting for 48 percent. In the outstanding registered external debt in foreign currencies, the USD debt accounted for 81 percent, the Euro debt accounted for 7 percent, the JPY debt accounted for 5 percent, the HKD debt accounted for 4 percent, the SDR and other foreign currency-denominated external debt accounted for 3 percent. Since all major external debt indicators were within the internationally recognized thresholds, China's external debt risk is under control. Appendix Definitionof terms and interpretations External debt classificationby maturity structure. There are two methods to classify the external debt by maturity structure. One is on the basis of the contractual maturity, i.e. it is classified as medium and long-term external debt if the contractual maturity is over one year, and classified as short-term external debt if the contractual maturity is one year or less; the other is on the basis of the remaining maturity, i.e., on the basis of the contractual maturity classification method above, the medium and long-term external debt due within one year is classified as short-term external debt. In this news release, external debt is divided into medium and long-term external debt and short-term external debt based on the contractual maturity. Trade-related credit is a broad concept. In addition to trade credit and advances, it also involves other kinds of credit provided for trade activities. According to its definition,trade-related credit includes trade credit and advances, bank trade financing, trade related bills, and so forth. In particular, trade credit and advances refer to external liability arising from directly extending credit between the seller and buyer of goods transactions, specifically transactions between residents in the Chinese Mainland and overseas non-residents (including non-residents in Hong Kong SAR, Macao SAR,and Taiwan Province of China), i.e., the debt incurred due to the difference between the time of payment and the time of the goods ownership transfer, which include credit directly provided by the supplier (e.g., the overseas exporter) for goods and services, and prepayments made by buyers (e.g., overseas importers) for goods, services, and work that is in progress (or work to be undertaken). Bank trade financing refers to trade related loans that offered by a third party (e.g., ba nks) to exporters or importers, for instance, loans extended by foreign financial institutions or export credit agencies to buyers. Annexed table:China’s Gross External Debt Position by Sector, End of March 2025 End of March 2025 End of March 2025 (Unit:100 million RMB) (Unit:100 million US dollars) General Government 29062 4049 Short-term 1247 174 Currency and deposits 0 0 Debt securities 1247 174 Loans 0 0 Trade credit and advances 0 0 Other debt liabilities 0 0 Long-term 27815 3875 Special drawing rights (allocations) 0 0 Currency and deposits 0 0 Debt securities 24079 3355 Loans 3736 520 Trade credit and advances 0 0 Other debt liabilities 0 0 Central Bank 8077 1125 Short-term 3036 423 Currency and deposits 1135 158 Debt securities 1901 265 Loans 0 0 Trade credit and advances 0 0 Other debt liabilities 0 0 Long-term 5041 702 Special drawing rights (allocations) 3453 481 Currency and deposits 0 0 Debt securities 0 0 Loans 0 0 Trade credit and advances 0 0 Other debt liabilities 1588 221 Other Depository Corporations 77143 10747 Short-term 62294 8678 Currency and deposits 32756 4563 Debt securities 16245 2263 Loans 12896 1797 Trade credit and advances 0 0 Other debt liabilities 397 55 Long-term 14849 2069 Currency and deposits 0 0 Debt securities 11319 1577 Loans 3448 480 Trade credit and advances 0 0 Other debt liabilities 82 12 Other Sectors 44582 6211 Short-term 31414 4376 Currency and deposits 9 1 Debt securities 235 33 Loans 1100 153 Trade credit and advances 26433 3682 Other debt liabilities 3637 507 Long-term 13168 1835 Currency and deposits 0 0 Debt securities 7326 1021 Loans 2405 335 Trade credit and advances 471 66 Other debt liabilities 2966 413 Direct Investment: Intercompany Lending 17103 2382 Debt liabilities of direct investment enterprises to direct investors 9214 1284 Debt liabilities of direct investors to direct investment enterprises 1403 195 Debt liabilities to fellow enterprises 6486 903 Gross External Debt Position 175967 24514 Notes: 1. The short-term and long-term herein are broken down by contractual (original) maturity. 2. The data in this table have been rounded off. 2025-06-27/en/2025/0627/2317.html