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日前，国家外汇管理局公布了2022年8月份银行结售汇和银行代客涉外收付款数据。国家外汇管理局副局长、新闻发言人王春英就2022年8月份外汇收支形势回答了记者提问。 问：2022年8月份我国外汇收支形势有何特点和变化？ 答：我国外汇市场表现出较强的韧性，银行结售汇和涉外收支均为顺差。８月份，银行结售汇顺差250亿美元，企业、个人等非银行部门涉外收支顺差113亿美元，均高于今年以来的月均水平。 市场预期保持平稳，外汇市场交易理性有序。近期，美元走强背景下非美货币普遍贬值，人民币汇率表现相对稳健，外汇市场反映汇率预期的相关指标运行平稳。8月份，衡量结汇意愿的结汇率（客户向银行卖出外汇与客户涉外外汇收入之比）为71%，较今年以来月均值提升3个百分点，显示市场主体保持“逢高结汇”的理性交易模式，结汇意愿有所增强；衡量售汇意愿的售汇率（客户从银行买汇与客户涉外外汇支出之比）为67%，与今年以来月均值基本持平，市场主体购汇意愿总体稳定。 货物贸易项下跨境资金净流入延续较高规模，直接投资等渠道外资流入稳中有增。8月份货物贸易跨境收支顺差552亿美元，较7月份增长31%。同时，来华直接投资项下净流入较7月份增加，境外投资者投资境内债券和股票市场情况持续改善，凸显了我国市场以及人民币资产的长期投资价值。 当前，国际形势复杂严峻，世界经济增长明显放缓。我国高效统筹疫情防控和经济社会发展，稳经济一揽子政策措施落地见效，国民经济延续恢复态势，长期向好的基本面没有改变。同时，我国国际收支结构更加稳健，市场化调节机制日益成熟，外汇市场参与主体更趋理性，应对外部环境变化的综合能力进一步提升，为我国外汇市场平稳运行奠定坚实基础。 2022-09-15/safe/2022/0915/21410.html
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国家外汇管理局统计数据显示，2022年8月，银行结汇15864亿元人民币，售汇14162亿元人民币。2022年1-8月，银行累计结汇116814亿元人民币，累计售汇109719亿元人民币。 按美元计值，2022年8月，银行结汇2335亿美元，售汇2084亿美元。2022年1-8月，银行累计结汇17827亿美元，累计售汇16733亿美元。 2022年8月，银行代客涉外收入38184亿元人民币，对外付款37418亿元人民币。2022年1-8月，银行代客累计涉外收入277683亿元人民币，累计对外付款272335亿元人民币。 按美元计值，2022年8月，银行代客涉外收入5619亿美元，对外付款5506亿美元。2022年1-8月，银行代客累计涉外收入42362亿美元，累计对外付款41527亿美元。 附：名词解释和相关说明 国际收支是指我国居民与非居民间发生的一切经济交易。 银行结售汇是指银行为客户及其自身办理的结汇和售汇业务，包括远期结售汇履约和期权行权数据，不包括银行间外汇市场交易数据。银行结售汇统计时点为人民币与外汇兑换行为发生时。其中，结汇是指外汇所有者将外汇卖给银行，售汇是指银行将外汇卖给外汇使用者。结售汇差额是结汇与售汇的轧差数。 远期结售汇签约是指银行与客户协商签订远期结汇（售汇）合同，约定将来办理结汇（售汇）的外汇币种、金额、汇率和期限；到期外汇收入（支出）发生时，即按照远期结汇（售汇）合同订明的币种、金额、汇率办理结汇（售汇）。 远期结售汇平仓是指客户因真实需求背景发生变更、无法履行资金交割义务，对原交易反向平盘，了结部分或全部远期头寸的行为。 远期结售汇展期是指客户因真实需求背景发生变更，调整原交易交割时间的行为。 本期末远期结售汇累计未到期额是指银行与客户签订的远期结汇和售汇合同在本期末仍未到期的余额；差额是指未到期远期结汇和售汇余额之差。 未到期期权Delta净敞口是指银行对客户办理的期权业务在本期末累计未到期合约所隐含的即期汇率风险敞口。 银行代客涉外收付款是指境内非银行居民机构和个人（统称非银行部门）通过境内银行与非居民机构和个人之间发生的收付款，不包括现钞收付和银行自身涉外收付款。具体包括：非银行部门和非居民之间通过境内银行发生的跨境收付款（包括外汇和人民币），以及非银行部门和非居民之间通过境内银行发生的境内收付款（暂不包括境内居民个人与境内非居民个人之间发生的人民币收付款），统计时点为客户在境内银行办理涉外收付款时。其中，银行代客涉外收入是指非银行部门通过境内银行从非居民收入的款项，银行代客对外支出是指非银行部门通过境内银行向非居民支付的款项。 2022-09-15/safe/2022/0915/21411.html
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As shown in the statistics of the State Administration of Foreign Exchange (SAFE), in August 2022, the amount of foreign exchange settlement and sales by banks was RMB 1586.4 billion and RMB 1416.2 billion, respectively. During January to August 2022, the accumulative amount of foreign exchange settlement and sales by banks was RMB 11681.4 billion and RMB 10971.9 billion, respectively. In the US dollar terms, in August 2022, the amount of foreign exchange settlement and sales by banks was USD 233.5 billion and USD 208.4 billion, respectively. During January to August 2022, the accumulative amount of foreign exchange settlement and sales by banks was USD 1782.7 billion and USD 1673.3 billion, respectively. In August 2022, the amount of cross-border receipts and payments by non-banking sectors was RMB 3818.4 billion and RMB 3741.8 billion, respectively. During January to August 2022, the accumulative amount of cross-border receipts and payments by non-banking sectors was RMB 27768.3 billion and RMB 27233.5 billion, respectively. In the US dollar terms, in August 2022, the amount of cross-border receipts and payments by non-banking sectors was USD 561.9 billion and USD 550.6 billion, respectively. During January to August 2022, the accumulative amount of cross-border receipts and payments by non-banking sectors was USD 4236.2 billion and USD 4152.7 billion, respectively. Addendum: Glossary and relevant definitions Balance of payments (BOP) refers to all economic transactions between residents and non-residents. Foreign exchange settlement and sales by banks refers to settlement and sale transaction that bank executes for customers and for the banks themselves, including statistic data on settlements of forward contracts for foreign exchange settlement and sales and the exercises of option, and excluding the transactions in the interbank foreign exchange market. The statistic reporting date of Foreign exchange settlement and sales by banks should be the trade day of the Foreign exchange settlement and sales transaction. By definition, foreign exchange settlement means that foreign exchange holders sell foreign exchange to banks, and foreign exchange sales means that banks sell foreign exchange to foreign exchange buyers. The newly signed contract amount of forward foreign exchange settlement and sales refers to the binding forward contract between a bank and its client that predetermines foreign exchange currency, amount, exchange rate and tenor which to be executed upon maturity. The unwind amount of forward foreign exchange settlement and sales refers to, where client is unable to perform the original forward contract due to change in its real demand, client to fully or partially close its forward position by executing another deal with opposite direction to the original contract. The rolling amount of forward foreign exchange settlement and sales refers to client to adjust the settlement date of original contract due to change in its real demand. The outstanding amount of forward foreign exchange settlement and sales by the end of the current period refers to the total amount of forward contracts accumulated from all non-matured forward contracts with client. The net Delta exposure of outstanding options refers to the implied foreign exchange spot risk exposure from outstanding option contracts that bank executed with client. The cross-border receipts and payments by non-banking sectors refers to the receipts and payments between domestic non-banking sectors (including institutional and individual residents) and non-residents through domestic banks, excluding receipts and payments in cash. In particular, the statistics includes cross-border receipts and payments between non-banking sectors and non-residents through domestic banks (including RMB and foreign currency), and domestic receipts and payments between non-banking sectors and non-residents through domestic banks (temporarily excluding domestic receipts and payments in RMB between individual residents and non-resident individuals). Data are collected when customers conduct receipts and payments with non-resident counterparties at domestic banks. Specifically, the receipts refer to the capital of non-banking sectors received from non-residents via domestic banks; the payments refer to the capital of non-banking sectors paid to non-residents via domestic banks. 2022-09-15/en/2022/0915/1996.html
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