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In the third quarter of 2024, China's current account registered a surplus of RMB 1049.4 billion, and the capital and financial accounts recorded a deficit of RMB 982.4 billion. In the first three quarters of 2024, China's current account registered a surplus of RMB 1718.4 billion, and the capital and financial accounts recorded a deficit of RMB 1861.2 billion. In the US dollar terms, in the third quarter, China's current account recorded a surplus of USD 147.6 billion, including a surplus of USD 229.9 billion under trade in goods, a deficit of USD 58.6 billion under trade in services, a deficit of USD 27.8 billion under primary income and a surplus of USD 4.1 billion under secondary income. The capital and financial accounts registered a deficit of USD 138.1 billion, including a surplus of USD 7.7 million under the capital account, and a deficit of USD 138.1 billion under the financial account. In the US dollar terms, in the first three quarters of 2024, China's current account recorded a surplus of USD 241.3 billion, including a surplus of USD 518.3 billion under trade in goods, a deficit of USD 181.5 billion under trade in services, a deficit of USD 105.6 billion under primary income and a surplus of USD 10.2 billion under secondary income. The capital and financial accounts recorded a deficit of USD 260.9 billion, including a deficit of USD 107.0 million under the capital account, a deficit of USD 260.8 billion under the financial account. In SDR terms, in the third quarter, China posted a surplus of SDR 110.1 billion under the current account, and a deficit of SDR 102.9 billion under the capital and financial accounts. In SDR terms, in the first three quarters of 2024, China posted a surplus of SDR 180.8 billion under the current account, and a deficit of SDR 195.5 billion under the capital and financial accounts. (End) Abridged Balance of Payments, Q3 2024 Item Line No. RMB 100 million USD 100 million SDR 100 million 1. Current Account 1 10494 1476 1101 Credit 2 77349 10873 8125 Debit 3 -66855 -9397 -7024 1. A Goods and Services 4 12184 1713 1278 Credit 5 70558 9918 7411 Debit 6 -58374 -8205 -6133 1.A.a Goods 7 16352 2299 1716 Credit 8 63536 8931 6674 Debit 9 -47184 -6632 -4957 1.A.b Services 10 -4169 -586 -438 Credit 11 7022 987 738 Debit 12 -11191 -1573 -1176 1.B Primary Income 13 -1978 -278 -208 Credit 14 6086 856 639 Debit 15 -8065 -1134 -847 1.C Secondary Income 16 289 41 30 Credit 17 705 99 74 Debit 18 -416 -58 -44 2. Capital and Financial Account 19 -9824 -1381 -1029 2.1 Capital Account 20 1 0.1 0 Credit 21 3 0 0 Debit 22 -2 0 0 2.2 Financial Account 23 -9825 -1381 -1029 Assets 24 -7137 -1005 -748 Liabilities 25 -2687 -376 -280 2.2.1 Financial Account Excluding Reserve Assets 26 -11777 -1656 -1234 2.2.1.1 Direct Investment 27 -3050 -428 -321 Assets 28 -2452 -345 -258 Liabilities 29 -598 -83 -64 2.2.1.2 Portfolio Investment 30 -843 -119 -88 Assets 31 -2552 -359 -269 Liabilities 32 1709 240 180 2.2.1.3 Financial Derivatives (other than reserves) and Employee Stock Options 33 118 17 12 Assets 34 208 29 22 Liabilities 35 -90 -12 -9 2.2.1.4 Other Investment 36 -8002 -1126 -837 Assets 37 -4294 -605 -449 Liabilities 38 -3708 -521 -387 2.2.2 Reserve Assets 39 1953 274 205 3. Net Errors and Omissions 40 -670 -95 -72 Notes: 1. The statement is compiled according to BPM6. Reserve assets are included in capital and financial accounts. 2."Credit" is presented as positive value while "debit" as negative value, and the difference is the sum of the "Credit" and the "Debit". All items herein refer to difference, unless marked with "Credit" or "Debit". 3. The RMB denominated quarterly BOP data is converted from the USD denominated BOP data for the quarter using the period average central parity rate of RMB against USD. The quarterly accumulated RMB denominated BOP data is derived from the sum total of the RMB denominated data for the quarters. 4. The SDR denominated quarterly BOP data is converted from the USD denominated BOP data for the quarter using the period average exchange rate of SDR against USD.The quarterly accumulated SDR denominated BOP data is derived from the sum total of the SDR denominated data for the quarters. 5. In the third quarter of 2024, the equity other than reinvestment of earnings under direct investment liabilities (credit) was USD 19.6 billion (RMB 139.0 billion). 6.This statement employs rounded-off numbers. 7. For detailed data, please see the section of “Data and Statistics” at the website of the SAFE. 8. The BOP data is revised regularly; please find the latest data in “Data and Statistics”. Abridged Balance of Payments, First Three Quarters of 2024 Item Line No. RMB 100 million USD 100 million SDR 100 million 1. Current Account 1 17184 2413 1808 Credit 2 213201 29886 22474 Debit 3 -196018 -27473 -20666 1. A Goods and Services 4 23989 3368 2528 Credit 5 196144 27494 20675 Debit 6 -172155 -24126 -18147 1.A.a Goods 7 36946 5183 3894 Credit 8 176402 24727 18595 Debit 9 -139456 -19544 -14701 1.A.b Services 10 -12957 -1815 -1366 Credit 11 19742 2767 2080 Debit 12 -32699 -4582 -3446 1.B Primary Income 13 -7531 -1056 -796 Credit 14 15102 2118 1593 Debit 15 -22633 -3175 -2389 1.C Secondary Income 16 726 102 76 Credit 17 1956 274 206 Debit 18 -1230 -172 -130 2. Capital and Financial Account 19 -18612 -2609 -1955 2.1 Capital Account 20 -8 -1 -1 Credit 21 8 1 1 Debit 22 -15 -2 -2 2.2 Financial Account 23 -18605 -2608 -1954 Assets 24 -22490 -3149 -2364 Liabilities 25 3885 541 410 2.2.1 Financial Account Excluding Reserve Assets 26 -20846 -2928 -2196 2.2.1.1 Direct Investment 27 -11140 -1563 -1180 Assets 28 -10220 -1433 -1080 Liabilities 29 -920 -130 -100 2.2.1.2 Portfolio Investment 30 -2835 -396 -298 Assets 31 -9480 -1327 -1000 Liabilities 32 6645 931 702 2.2.1.3 Financial Derivatives (other than reserves) and Employee Stock Options 33 -244 -34 -26 Assets 34 -192 -27 -21 Liabilities 35 -52 -7 -6 2.2.1.4 Other Investment 36 -6627 -934 -692 Assets 37 -4839 -681 -506 Liabilities 38 -1787 -253 -186 2.2.2 Reserve Assets 39 2241 319 242 3. Net Errors and Omissions 40 1429 196 146 Notes: 1. The statement is compiled according to BPM6. Reserve assets are included in capital and financial accounts. 2."Credit" is presented as positive value while "debit" as negative value, and the difference is the sum of the "Credit" and the "Debit". All items herein refer to difference, unless marked with "Credit" or "Debit". 3. The RMB denominated quarterly BOP data is converted from the USD denominated BOP data for the quarter using the period average central parity rate of RMB against USD. The quarterly accumulated RMB denominated BOP data is derived from the sum total of the RMB denominated data for the quarters. 4. The SDR denominated quarterly BOP data is converted from the USD denominated BOP data for the quarter using the period average exchange rate of SDR against USD. The quarterly accumulated SDR denominated BOP data is derived from the sum total of the SDR denominated data for the quarters. 5.In the first three quarters of 2024, the equity other than reinvestment of earnings under direct investment liabilities (credit) was USD 60.3 billion (RMB 430.0 billion). 6.This statement employs rounded-off numbers. 7. For detailed data, please see the section of “Data and Statistics” at the website of the SAFE. 8. The BOP data is revised regularly; please find the latest data in “Data and Statistics”. 2024-12-27/en/2024/1227/2271.html
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As at the end of September 2024, China’s external financial assets reached USD 10212.9 billion, external financial liabilities reached USD 7031.2 billion, and net external assets totaled USD 3181.7 billion. In the external financial assets, direct investment assets amounted to USD 3127.9 billion, portfolio investment assets, USD 1357.7 billion, financial derivative assets, USD 23.6 billion, other investment assets, USD 2131.9 billion, and reserves assets, USD 3571.8 billion, accounting for 31 percent, 13 percent, 0.2 percent, 21 percent and 35 percent of external financial assets respectively. In external liabilities, direct investment liabilities were USD 3591.7 billion, portfolio investment liabilities, USD 2025.3 billion, financial derivative liabilities, USD 27.4 billion and other investment liabilities, USD 1386.8 billion, accounting for 51 percent, 29 percent, 0.4 percent and 20 percent of the external financial liabilities respectively. In SDR terms, China’s external financial assets and liabilities reached SDR 7529.6 billion and SDR 5183.8 billion respectively, and external net assets totaled SDR 2345.7 billion at the end of September 2024. (End) China's International Investment Position, End of September 2024 Item Line No. Position in 100 million USD Position in 100 millionSDR Net Position 1 31817 23457 Assets 2 102129 75296 1 Direct Investment 3 31279 23061 1.1 Equity and Investment Fund Shares 4 27041 19936 1.2 Debt Instruments 5 4238 3125 1.a Financial Sectors 6 4439 3272 1.1.a Equity and Investment Fund Shares 7 4105 3026 1.2.a Debt Instruments 8 334 246 1.b Non-financial Sectors 9 26840 19788 1.1.b Equity and Investment Fund Shares 10 22936 16910 1.2.b Debt Instruments 11 3904 2878 2 Portfolio Investment 12 13577 10010 2.1 Equity and Investment Fund Shares 13 8269 6097 2.2 Debt Securities 14 5308 3913 3 Financial Derivatives (other than reserves) and Employee Stock Options 15 236 174 4 Other Investment 16 21319 15718 4.1 Other Equity 17 99 73 4.2 Currency and Deposits 18 4805 3543 4.3 Loans 19 8125 5990 4.4 Insurance, Pension, and Standardized Guarantee Schemes 20 320 236 4.5 Trade Credit and Advances 21 6882 5074 4.6 Others 22 1088 802 5 Reserve Assets 23 35718 26334 5.1 Monetary Gold 24 1915 1412 5.2 Special Drawing Rights 25 549 404 5.3 Reserve Position in the IMF 26 101 75 5.4 Foreign Currency Reserves 27 33164 24450 5.5 Other Reserve Assets 28 -10 -8 Liabilities 29 70312 51838 1 Direct Investment 30 35917 26480 1.1 Equity and Investment Fund Shares 31 33188 24468 1.2 Debt Instruments 32 2729 2012 1.a Financial Sectors 33 2105 1552 1.1.a Equity and Investment Fund Shares 34 1912 1409 1.2.a Debt Instruments 35 193 143 1.b Non-financial Sectors 36 33812 24928 1.1.b Equity and Investment Fund Shares 37 31276 23059 1.2.b Debt Instruments 38 2536 1870 2 Portfolio Investment 39 20253 14931 2.1 Equity and Investment Fund Shares 40 12244 9027 2.2 Debt Securities 41 8008 5904 3 Financial Derivatives (other than reserves) and Employee Stock Options 42 274 202 4 Other Investment 43 13868 10225 4.1 Other Equity 44 0 0 4.2 Currency and Deposits 45 4855 3579 4.3 Loans 46 3620 2669 4.4 Insurance, Pension, and Standardized Guarantee Schemes 47 291 215 4.5 Trade Credit and Advances 48 3854 2841 4.6 Others 49 758 559 4.7 Special Drawing Rights 50 491 362 Notes:1. This table employs rounded-off numbers. 2. Net International Investment Position refers to assets minus liabilities. Positive figure refers to net assets, and negative figure refers to net liabilities. 3. The SDR denominated data is converted from the USD denominated data, using the exchange rate of SDR against USD at the end of the quarter. 4. The IIP data is revised regularly; please find the latest data in “Data and Statistics”. 2024-12-27/en/2024/1227/2272.html
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In order to thoroughly implement the guiding principles of the Central Financial Work Conference, work hard to promote high-level financial opening up, and facilitate cross-border trade, investment and financing; the State Administration of Foreign Exchange (SAFE) recently issued the Notice of the State Administration of Foreign Exchange on Further Deepening Reforms and Facilitating Cross-Border Trade and Investment (Huifa [2023] No. 28, hereinafter referred to as the “Notice”). The Notice includes a total of nine policies and measures, of which four concern current accounts, mainly to further improve the administration of foreign exchange receipts and payments for special trade, and extend the facilitation measures that have been piloted in some regions to other regions across China. To be more specific, the four policies and measures include optimizing foreign exchange administration on market procurement trade, relaxing requirements for the netting settlement of balances in processing trade, improving the collection and payment of cross-border trade funds under entrusted agents, as well as facilitating the settlement of foreign exchange funds for the commercial leasing business of domestic institutions, etc. Five policies and measures are rolled out for the capital account, mainly to scale up the facilitation policies for the capital account and update or optimize the foreign exchange administration under some capital accounts. The five measures include promoting the policy on pilots for the facilitation of cross-border financing across China, relaxing restrictions on the scale of upfront expenses for overseas direct investment (ODI), facilitating the payment and use of equity transfer funds and funds raised from overseas listings under the category of domestic reinvestment made by foreign direct investment (FDI), improving the management of negative lists on the use of capital account revenues, as well as canceling the approval requirement for opening foreign debt accounts in other regions. Moving forward, SAFE will, under the arrangements and demands of the Central Financial Work Conference, play equal emphasis on development and security, further deepen reforms and opening up in the foreign exchange sector, optimize foreign exchange services with a focus on driving technological innovation and the development of micro, small and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs), enhance efforts in policy implementation, continue to improve the facilitation of cross-border trade, investment and financing, promote the stabilization of foreign trade and foreign investment and better serve the high-quality development of the real economy. 2023-12-08/en/2023/1208/2263.html
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Since 2022, the State Administration of Foreign Exchange (SAFE) has been implementing a pilot project for direct registration of external debt by banks in 12 regions including Shanghai, Jiangsu, Guangdong, Shenzhen, Beijing, Zhejiang, Ningbo, Hainan, Xiong’an in Hebei, Chongqing, Fujian and Xiamen, and has been piloting in the above 12 regions and Shaanxi the registration exemption for the reinvestment in China by foreign-funded enterprises, so as to explore further facilitating cross-border investment and financing for business entities. In 2023, the SAFE launched a pilot project of Kehuitong (Research Remittance Connect) in Hetao, Shenzhen, allowing foreign research funds to be transferred directly to foreign-funded non-enterprise research institutions in Hetao, so as to promote the cross-border flow of sci-tech innovation elements. Since its initiation, the project has seen good policy implementation and strongly boosted the economic development in the pilot region while effectively preventing and controlling risks. In order to thoroughly implement the guiding principle of the Third Plenary Session of the 20th CPC Central Committee and the deployment requirements of the meeting convened by the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee on September 26, and building upon the experience gained from earlier pilot projects, the SAFE recently decided to expand the pilot areas for the registration exemption for reinvestment in China by foreign-funded enterprises and the pilot areas for direct registration of external debt by banks to Tianjin, Anhui, Shandong (including Qingdao), Hubei and Sichuan, and expand the Kehuitong pilot to 16 regions, namely Shanghai, Beijing, Tianjin, Xiong’an in Hebei, Nanjing, Suzhou, Hangzhou, Hefei, Wuhan, Changsha, Guangzhou, Chongqing, Chengdu, Mianyang, Xi’an and Shenzhen. The SAFE will strengthen policy assessment and follow-up on effectiveness, improve policy measures and foreign exchange services in due course, and explore and introduce more facilitation measures, so as to bolster high-quality development with high-standard opening up. At the same time, the SAFE will persist in coordinating financial opening up and security, enhance capacity-building for regulation in the context of opening up, and firmly guard against the occurrence of systemic financial risks. 2024-10-31/en/2024/1031/2264.html
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As at the end of September 2024, China's banking sector recorded external financial assets of USD 1564.2 billion, external liabilities of USD 1502.9 billion,and net external assets of USD 61.3 billion, including net RMB liabilities of USD 359.7 billion and net foreign currency assets of USD 421.0 billion. Among the external financial assets of the banking sector, by instrument,deposits and loans were USD 953.7 billion,bonds investment,USD 372.3 billion, and other assets including equity, USD 238.2 billion,accounting for 61 percent, 24 percent and 15 percent of the sector's total external financial assets respectively. By currency, RMB assets were USD 428.3 billion,USD assets were USD 796.4 billion,and other currency assets were USD 339.6 billion,accounting for 27 percent, 51 percent and 22 percent respectively. By counterpart sector, the amount invested in the overseas banking sector was USD 771.9 billion, accounting for 49 percent; the amount invested in the overseas non-banking sector was USD 792.3 billion,accounting for 51 percent. Among the external liabilities of the banking sector, by instrument, deposits and loans were USD 712.9 billion, bonds investment, USD 379.7 billion, and other liabilities including equity, USD 410.3 billion, accounting for 47 percent,25 percent and 27 percent of the sector's total external liabilities respectively. By currency, RMB liabilities were USD 788.0 billion, USD liabilities, USD 381.2 billion, and other currency liabilities, USD 333.7 billion, accounting for 52 percent, 25 percent and 22 percent respectively. By counterpart sector, USD 695.1 billion was from overseas banking sector, accounting for 46 percent; while USD 807.8 billion was from overseas non-banking sector, accounting for 54 percent. (End) 2024-12-26/en/2024/1226/2269.html
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External Financial Assets and Liabilities of China's Banking Sector(As of September 30,2024) 2024-12-26/en/2024/1226/2268.html
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2024-12-20https://english.www.gov.cn/shareyourviews2025/
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In May 2025, the export and import of China’s international trade in goods and services totalled RMB 4164.3 billion, up 3 percent over the same time last year. Of this, the export of goods recorded RMB 2049.8 billion and the import recorded RMB 1531.5 billion, resulting in a surplus of RMB 518.3 billion. The export of services recorded RMB 235.6 billion and the import recorded RMB 347.4 billion, resulting in a deficit of RMB 111.8 billion. In terms of the major items, the export and import of transport, travel, other business services, telecommunications, computer and information services registered RMB 171.4 billion, RMB 163.2 billion, RMB 103.6 billion and RMB 59.2 billion respectively. In the US dollar terms, in May 2025, the export and import of China’s international trade in goods and services were USD 317.6 billion and USD 261.1 billion respectively, with a surplus of USD 56.5 billion.(End) International Trade in Goods and Services of China May 2025 Item In 100 million of RMB In 100 million of USD Goods and services 4064 565 Credit 22854 3176 Debit -18789 -2611 1. Goods 5183 720 Credit 20498 2849 Debit -15315 -2129 2. Services -1118 -155 Credit 2356 327 Debit -3474 -483 2.1Manufacturing services on physical inputs owned by others 53 7 Credit 68 9 Debit -15 -2 2.2Maintenance and repair services n.i.e 27 4 Credit 72 10 Debit -45 -6 2.3Transport -254 -35 Credit 730 101 Debit -984 -137 2.4Travel -1018 -142 Credit 307 43 Debit -1325 -184 2.5Construction 49 7 Credit 107 15 Debit -58 -8 2.6Insurance and pension services -36 -5 Credit 18 3 Debit -55 -8 2.7Financial services 3 0 Credit 24 3 Debit -22 -3 2.8Charges for the use of intellectual property -241 -33 Credit 35 5 Debit -276 -38 2.9Telecommunications, computer and information services 116 16 Credit 354 49 Debit -238 -33 2.10Other business services 205 28 Credit 620 86 Debit -416 -58 2.11Personal, cultural, and recreational services -19 -3 Credit 10 1 Debit -29 -4 2.12Government goods and services n.i.e -3 0 Credit 9 1 Debit -12 -2 Notes: 1. The international trade in goods and services in this table refers to the transactions between residents and non-residents, based on the same standard as that for BOP statement. The monthly data are preliminary and may be inconsistent with the quarterly data in the BOP statement. 2. The data on international trade in goods and services are prepared in USD, and the RMB data for the current month is derived by converting the USD data at the monthly average central parity rate of the RMB against the USD. 3. This table employs rounded-off numbers. Definition of Indicators: Goods and Services: refers to the trade in goods and services between residents and non-residents, which is based on the same standard as that for the BOP statement. 1. Goods: refers to transactions in goods whereby the economic ownership is transferred between the Chinese residents and non-residents. The credit side records export of goods, while the debit side records import of goods. The data of goods account are mainly from the customs statistics of imports and exports, but differ from the statistics of the customs mainly in the following aspects: first, the goods in the BOP statement only reflect the goods whose ownership has been transferred (e.g. goods under the trade modes such as general trade and processing trade with imported materials), while the goods whose ownership is not transferred (e.g. manufacturing services with supplied materials or with exported materials) are included in the statistics of trade in services instead of the statistics of trade in goods; second, as required by the BOP statistics, the goods imported and exported are valued on the FOB basis, but as required by the customs, the goods exported are valued on the FOB basis, whereas goods imported are on the CIF basis. Therefore, for the purpose of the BOP statistics, the international transport and insurance premiums are taken out from the value of imported goods and included in the trade in services; and third, the data on net export of goods in merchanting which are not included in the customs statistics are supplemented. 2. Services: includes manufacturing services on physical inputs owned by others, maintenance and repair services n.i.e, transport, travel, construction, insurance and pension services, financial services, charges for the use of intellectual property, telecommunications, computer and information services, other business services, personal, cultural and recreational services, and government goods and services n.i.e. The credit side records services supplied, while the debit side records services received. 2.1 Manufacturing services on physical owned by others: processor only provides processing, assembly, packaging and other services and charges service fee from the owner, while the ownership of the goods is not transferred between the owner and the processor. The credit side records the manufacturing services supplied by the Chinese residents on physical inputs owned by non-residents, and vice versa for debit side. 2.2 Maintenance and repair services: refer to the maintenance and repair services supplied by residents to non-residents or vice versa on goods and equipment (such as vessel, aircraft, and other transportation facility) owned by the receiving party. The credit side records the maintenance and repair services supplied by the Chinese residents to non-residents, and vice versa for debit side. 2.3 Transport: refers to the process of transporting people and goods from one place to another, and the relevant supporting and auxiliary services, as well as postal and delivery services. The credit side records the international transport, postal and delivery services supplied by residents to non-residents, and vice versa for debit side. 2.4 Travel: refers to goods consumed and services purchased by travelers in various economies as non-residents. The credit side records the goods and services provided by the Chinese residents to non-residents who have stayed in China for less than one year, as well as non-residents studying abroad and seeking medical treatment for indefinite period of stay. The debit side records the goods and services purchased by the Chinese residents when traveling, studying or seeking medical services abroad from non-residents. 2.5 Construction services: refer to the establishment, renovation, maintenance or expansion of fixed assets in the form of buildings, land improvement, roads, bridges and dams and other engineering buildings of engineering nature, relevant installation, assembly, painting, pipeline construction, demolition and project management,as well as site preparation, measurement and blasting and other special services. The credit side records the construction services provided by the Chinese residents outside the economic territory. The debit side records the construction services received by the Chinese residents in the Chinese economic territory from non-residents. 2.6 Insurance and pension services: refers to various insurance services and commission to agents related with insurance transaction. The credit side records the life insurance and annuity, non-lifeinsurance, reinsurance, standardized guarantee services and relevant supporting services supplied by the Chinese residents to non-residents, and vice versa for debit side. 2.7 Financial services: refer to financial intermediation and supporting services, excluding those covered by insurance and pension services. The credit side records the financial intermediation and supporting services supplied by the Chinese residents to non-residents, and vice versa for debit side. 2.8 Charges for the use of intellectual property: refer to licensed use of intangible, non-productive/non-financial assets and exclusive rights between residents and non-residents and the licensed use of existing original works or prototypes. The credit side records the intellectual property-related services supplied by the Chinese residents to non-residents, and vice versa for debit side. 2.9 Telecommunications, computer and information services: refer tocommunications services between residents and non-residents and transactions of services related to computer data and news, excluding commercial services delivered via telephone, computer and Internet. The credit side records the telecommunications, computer and information services supplied by residents to non-residents, and vice versa for debit side. 2.10 Other business services: refer to other types of services between residents and non-residents, including research and development services, professional and management consulting services, technical and trade-related services. The credit side records the other business services supplied by the Chinese residents to non-residents, and vice versa for debit side. 2.11 Personal, cultural and recreational services: refer to transactions of personal, cultural and recreational services between residents and non-residents, including audiovisual and related services (films, radio, television programs and music recordings) and other personal, cultural and recreational services (health, education, etc.). The credit side records the related services supplied by the Chinese residents to non-residents, and vice versa for debit side. 2.12 Government goods and services n.i.e: refer to various goods and services provided and purchased by governments and international organizations not included in other categories of goods and services. The credit side records the goods and services not included elsewhere and supplied by the Chinese residents to non-residents, and vice versa for debit side. 2025-06-27/en/2025/0627/2314.html
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As at the end of March 2025, China recorded RMB 17.5967 trillion in outstanding external debt denominated in both domestic and foreign currencies (equivalent to USD 2451.4 billion, excluding those of Hong Kong SAR, Macao SAR, and Taiwan Province of China, the same below). In terms of maturity structure, the outstanding medium and long-term external debt was RMB 7424.8 billion (equivalent to USD 1034.4 billion), accounting for 42 percent; while the outstanding short-term external debt was RMB 10171.9billion (equivalent to USD 1417.0 billion), taking up 58 percent,of which 33 percent was trade-related credit. In terms of institutional sectors, the outstanding debt of general government totaled RMB 2906.2 billion (equivalent to USD 404.9 billion), accounting for 16 percent; the outstanding debt of the central bank totaled RMB 807.7 billion (equivalent to USD 112.5billion), accounting for 5 percent; the outstanding debt of banks totaled RMB 7714.3 billion (equivalent to USD 1074.7 billion), accounting for 44 percent; the outstanding debt of other sectors (including inter-company lending under direct investments) totaled RMB 6168.5 billion (equivalent to USD 859.3 billion), accounting for 35 percent. In terms of debt instruments, the balance of loans was RMB 2358.5 billion (equivalent to USD 328.5 billion), accounting for 13 percent; the outstanding trade credits and advances was RMB 2690.4 billion (equivalent to USD 374.8 billion), accounting for 15 percent; the outstanding currency and deposits was RMB 3390.1 billion (equivalent to USD 472.3 billion), accounting for 19 percent; the outstanding debt securities was RMB 6235.2 billion (equivalent to USD 868.6 billion), accounting for 36 percent; the Special Drawing Rights (SDR) allocation amounted to RMB 345.3 billion (equivalent to USD 48.1billion), accounting for 2 percent; the balance of inter-company lending under direct investments totaled RMB 1710.3 billion (equivalent to USD 238.3 billion), accounting for 10 percent; and the balance of other debt liabilities was RMB 866.9 billion (equivalent to USD 120.8 billion), accounting for 5 percent. With respect to currency structures, the outstanding external debt in domestic currency totaled RMB 9163.4 billion (equivalent to USD 1276.6billion), accounting for 52 percent; the outstanding external debt in foreign currencies (including SDR allocation) totaled RMB 8433.3 billion (equivalent to USD 1174.8 billion), accounting for 48 percent. In the outstanding registered external debt in foreign currencies, the USD debt accounted for 81 percent, the Euro debt accounted for 7 percent, the JPY debt accounted for 5 percent, the HKD debt accounted for 4 percent, the SDR and other foreign currency-denominated external debt accounted for 3 percent. Since all major external debt indicators were within the internationally recognized thresholds, China's external debt risk is under control. Appendix Definitionof terms and interpretations External debt classificationby maturity structure. There are two methods to classify the external debt by maturity structure. One is on the basis of the contractual maturity, i.e. it is classified as medium and long-term external debt if the contractual maturity is over one year, and classified as short-term external debt if the contractual maturity is one year or less; the other is on the basis of the remaining maturity, i.e., on the basis of the contractual maturity classification method above, the medium and long-term external debt due within one year is classified as short-term external debt. In this news release, external debt is divided into medium and long-term external debt and short-term external debt based on the contractual maturity. Trade-related credit is a broad concept. In addition to trade credit and advances, it also involves other kinds of credit provided for trade activities. According to its definition,trade-related credit includes trade credit and advances, bank trade financing, trade related bills, and so forth. In particular, trade credit and advances refer to external liability arising from directly extending credit between the seller and buyer of goods transactions, specifically transactions between residents in the Chinese Mainland and overseas non-residents (including non-residents in Hong Kong SAR, Macao SAR,and Taiwan Province of China), i.e., the debt incurred due to the difference between the time of payment and the time of the goods ownership transfer, which include credit directly provided by the supplier (e.g., the overseas exporter) for goods and services, and prepayments made by buyers (e.g., overseas importers) for goods, services, and work that is in progress (or work to be undertaken). Bank trade financing refers to trade related loans that offered by a third party (e.g., ba nks) to exporters or importers, for instance, loans extended by foreign financial institutions or export credit agencies to buyers. Annexed table：China’s Gross External Debt Position by Sector, End of March 2025 End of March 2025 End of March 2025 （Unit:100 million RMB） （Unit:100 million US dollars） General Government 29062 4049 Short-term 1247 174 Currency and deposits 0 0 Debt securities 1247 174 Loans 0 0 Trade credit and advances 0 0 Other debt liabilities 0 0 Long-term 27815 3875 Special drawing rights (allocations) 0 0 Currency and deposits 0 0 Debt securities 24079 3355 Loans 3736 520 Trade credit and advances 0 0 Other debt liabilities 0 0 Central Bank 8077 1125 Short-term 3036 423 Currency and deposits 1135 158 Debt securities 1901 265 Loans 0 0 Trade credit and advances 0 0 Other debt liabilities 0 0 Long-term 5041 702 Special drawing rights (allocations) 3453 481 Currency and deposits 0 0 Debt securities 0 0 Loans 0 0 Trade credit and advances 0 0 Other debt liabilities 1588 221 Other Depository Corporations 77143 10747 Short-term 62294 8678 Currency and deposits 32756 4563 Debt securities 16245 2263 Loans 12896 1797 Trade credit and advances 0 0 Other debt liabilities 397 55 Long-term 14849 2069 Currency and deposits 0 0 Debt securities 11319 1577 Loans 3448 480 Trade credit and advances 0 0 Other debt liabilities 82 12 Other Sectors 44582 6211 Short-term 31414 4376 Currency and deposits 9 1 Debt securities 235 33 Loans 1100 153 Trade credit and advances 26433 3682 Other debt liabilities 3637 507 Long-term 13168 1835 Currency and deposits 0 0 Debt securities 7326 1021 Loans 2405 335 Trade credit and advances 471 66 Other debt liabilities 2966 413 Direct Investment: Intercompany Lending 17103 2382 Debt liabilities of direct investment enterprises to direct investors 9214 1284 Debt liabilities of direct investors to direct investment enterprises 1403 195 Debt liabilities to fellow enterprises 6486 903 Gross External Debt Position 175967 24514 Notes: 1. The short-term and long-term herein are broken down by contractual (original) maturity. 2. The data in this table have been rounded off. 2025-06-27/en/2025/0627/2317.html
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As shown in the statistics of the State Administration of Foreign Exchange (SAFE), in June 2025, the amount of foreign exchange settlement and sales by banks was RMB 1490.0 billion and RMB 1308.3 billion, respectively. During January to June 2025, the accumulative amount of foreign exchange settlement and sales by banks was RMB 8213.5 billion and RMB 8395.0 billion, respectively. In the US dollar terms, in June 2025, the amount of foreign exchange settlement and sales by banks was USD 207.7 billion and USD 182.3 billion, respectively. During January to June 2025, the accumulative amount of foreign exchange settlement and sales by banks was USD 1143.2 billion and USD 1168.5 billion, respectively. In June 2025, the amount of cross-border receipts and payments by non-banking sectors was RMB 4648.5 billion and RMB 4466.7 billion, respectively. During January to June 2025, the accumulative amount of cross-border receipts and payments by non-banking sectors was RMB 27734.7 billion and RMB 26820.7 billion, respectively. In the US dollar terms, in June 2025, the amount of cross-border receipts and payments by non-banking sectors was USD 647.8 billion and USD 622.5 billion, respectively. During January to June 2025, the accumulative amount of cross-border receipts and payments by non-banking sectors was USD 3860.6 billion and USD 3733.3 billion, respectively. Addendum: Glossary and relevant definitions Balance of payments (BOP) refers to all economic transactions between residents and non-residents. Foreign exchange settlement and sales by banks refers to settlement and sale transaction that bank executes for customers and for the banks themselves, including statistic data on settlements of forward contracts for foreign exchange settlement and sales and the exercises of option, and excluding the transactions in the interbank foreign exchange market. The statistic reporting date of Foreign exchange settlement and sales by banks should be the trade day of the Foreign exchange settlement and sales transaction. By definition, foreign exchange settlement means that foreign exchange holders sell foreign exchange to banks, and foreign exchange sales means that banks sell foreign exchange to foreign exchange buyers. The newly signed contract amount of forward foreign exchange settlement and sales refers to the binding forward contract between a bank and its client that predetermines foreign exchange currency, amount, exchange rate and tenor which to be executed upon maturity. The unwind amount of forward foreign exchange settlement and sales refers to, where client is unable to perform the original forward contract due to change in its real demand, client to fully or partially close its forward position by executing another deal with opposite direction to the original contract. The rolling amount of forward foreign exchange settlement and sales refers to client to adjust the settlement date of original contract due to change in its real demand. The outstanding amount of forward foreign exchange settlement and sales by the end of the current period refers to the total amount of forward contracts accumulated from all non-matured forward contracts with client. The net Delta exposure of outstanding options refers to the implied foreign exchange spot risk exposure from outstanding option contracts that bank executed with client. The cross-border receipts and payments by non-banking sectors refers to the receipts and payments between domestic non-banking sectors (including institutional and individual residents) and non-residents through domestic banks, excluding receipts and payments in cash. In particular, the statistics includes cross-border receipts and payments between non-banking sectors and non-residents through domestic banks (including RMB and foreign currency), and domestic receipts and payments between non-banking sectors and non-residents through domestic banks(temporarily excluding domestic receipts and payments in RMB between individual residents and non-resident individuals).Data are collected when customers conduct receipts and payments with non-resident counterparties at domestic banks. Specifically, the receipts refer to the capital of non-banking sectors received from non-residents via domestic banks; the payments refer to the capital of non-banking sectors paid to non-residents via domestic banks. 2025-07-22/en/2025/0722/2320.html