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Recently, the SAFE promulgated the Circular Concerning Further Improving Administration of Foreign Exchange Settlement and Sale Business for Individuals (hereinafter referred to as the Circular) in order to exercise focused management to prevent foreign exchange settlement and sales by individuals through fund splitting. The Circular further standardized and clarified the procedures for handling the foreign exchange settlement and sale business for individuals. Implementation of the Circular will help promote facilitation of foreign exchange collection and payment for individuals, and is expected to effectively prevent the inflow and outflow of abnormal funds through individual channels. Since the SAFE put into practice in February 2007 the management policy regarding the annual aggregate amount of foreign exchange settlement and sales for individuals equivalent to USD50,000, the policy has satisfied demands by individuals for foreign exchange settlement and sales for studying abroad, tourism, provision of labor services, family maintenance remittances, consultations, and so forth. However, some individuals have attempted to evade the relevant management policies by splitting large sums of the exchanged funds into small amounts, which in reality disturbs the normal order for the administration of the exchange business for individuals. In this regard, the Circular provides specific countermeasures to guard against such behavior. The main contents of the Circular include: first, the facilitation requirements of the current policies shall remain effective for authentic and reasonable demands for purchases and settlement of foreign exchange for individuals; whereas purchases and settlement of foreign exchange by individuals that are identified as being conducted via fund splitting shall be subject to (1) rejection by the banks, according to the specific circumstances; (2) an authenticity examination; or (3) reports to the SAFE branches according to the relevant requirements; second, large sums of exchange settlement for individuals with foreign currency notes shall be subject to examination of the documents testifying to the source of the foreign currency notes; third, for any foreign exchange purchase under the current account excluding trade, the individual shall use cash RMB or funds in the RMB accounts/bankcard of the individual or his/her direct relatives; fourth, penalties with regard to settlement and sales of foreign exchange by individuals through fund splitting are specified, and the pilot institutions engaging in franchise business of domestic and foreign currency exchange for individuals are placed under jurisdiction of the Circular. The promulgation of the Circular will serve as a complement to the current policy for the administration of individual foreign exchange. While sustaining adequate demand by individuals for the authentic and reasonable purchase and settlement of foreign exchange, the Circular provides clear specific administrative requirements, which will help restrain the inflow and outflow of abnormal exchange funds through individual channels, will crack down on illegal activities by underground exchange markets and money shops, and will maintain a sound environment in the foreign exchange market. 2009-12-23/en/2009/1223/913.html
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For the purpose of improving the internal operations and administration of foreign exchange funds of domestic enterprises, facilitating and supporting the utilization and operations of foreign exchange funds by domestic enterprises, and enhancing the efficiency of the utilization of foreign exchange funds, the SAFE released the Provisions on the Centralized Operations and Administration of Foreign Exchange Funds of Internal Members of Domestic Enterprises (hereinafter referred to as the Provisions). The Provisions will enter into effect as of November 1, 2009. Based on the experience of the centralized operations and administration of foreign exchange funds of multinational companies since October 2004, the Provisions provide further reforms on the centralized operations and administration of foreign exchange funds of domestic enterprises, mainly in the following respects: 1) They further lower the admittance threshold for centralized operations of foreign exchange funds. In principle, foreign currency fund pool business can be carried out so long as the internal members of the domestic enterprises participating in the business and the banks (finance companies) providing the funds for the pooled services reach agreement and comply with the legal framework for entrusted loans. 2) They clarify the administrative policy for the foreign currency fund pool business in China, and further regulate relevant issues concerning the foreign currency fund pool business of domestic enterprises, such as operational methods, fundamental principles, approval procedures, and so forth. 3) They delegate power of examining and approving to the AFE branches. The foreign currency fund pool business by domestic enterprises, the business of spot purchases and sales of foreign exchange by finance companies, and related examinations and verifications of exchange transfers all fall under the jurisdiction of the AFE branches. 4) They specify and improve the laws and regulations concerning the centralized operations and administration of foreign exchange funds. The Circular of the SAFE Concerning the Relevant Issues Regarding the Business of Spot Purchases and Sales of Foreign Exchange Conducted by Finance Companies of Enterprise Groups (Huifa [2008], No. 68) is improved upon and incorporated into the framework of the Provisions, thus further promoting the putting in order and amending of the laws and regulations on foreign exchange administration. Implementation of the Provisions will further improve and normalize the centralized operations and administration of foreign exchange funds, thus conforming to the trend of institutional reform of financial administration of foreign exchange and the current state of economic development. Especially in the context of the current international financial crisis, it will facilitate improvements in the efficiency of utilization of funds by domestic enterprises, reducing costs and enhancing competitiveness. Meanwhile, it is conducive to promoting cooperation between banks and enterprises as well as to business innovation, thus accelerating linkages between Chinas financial services industry and international operations. 2009-11-30/en/2009/1130/907.html
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At the end of September 2009, China's outstanding external debt (excluding that of Hong Kong SAR, Macao SAR, and Taiwan Province) reached USD 386.772 billion, an increase of USD 12.111 billion, or 3.23 percent compared with that at the end of 2008. Specifically, the outstanding long- and medium-term external debt (with the remaining term) reached USD 164.793 billion, an increase of USD 917 million, or 0.56 percent compared with that at the end of 2008, accounting for 42.61 percent of the total outstanding external debt. The outstanding short-term external debt (with the remaining term) totaled USD 221.979 billion, an increase of USD 11.194 billion, or 5.31 percent compared with that at the end of 2008, accounting for 57.39 percent of the total outstanding external debt. In terms of China's outstanding short-term external debt, the balance of trade credit was USD 132.5 billion. The outstanding registered short-term external debt (with the remaining term) was USD 89.479 billion, accounting for 40.31 percent of the outstanding short-term external debt and 23.13 percent of the total outstanding external debt. Included in the outstanding registered external debt of USD 254.272 billion, the outstanding sovereign debt borrowed by ministries under the State Council totaled USD 35.232 billion, accounting for 13.86 percent; the outstanding debt of Chinese-funded financial institutions was USD 87.018 billion, accounting for 34.22 percent; the outstanding debt of foreign-funded enterprises was USD 92.262 billion, accounting for 36.28 percent; the outstanding debt of foreign-funded financial institutions in China was USD 35.154 billion, accounting for 13.83 percent; the outstanding debt of Chinese-funded enterprises was USD 4.281 billion, accounting for 1.68 percent; and the outstanding debt of other institutions was USD 325 million, accounting for 0.13 percent. From January to September 2009, long- and medium-term external borrowing totaled USD 13.845 billion, a decrease of USD 13.535 billion, or 49.43 percent compared with that in the same period of the last year. Repayment of principal was USD 25.959 billion, an increase of USD 12.175 billion, or 88.33 percent, over that during the same period of the last year. Interest payments for long- and medium-term external debt totaled USD 2.563 billion, a decrease of USD 393 million, or 13.29 percent compared with that during the same period of the last year. 2010-01-06/en/2010/0106/915.html
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For the purpose of meeting the growing demand for domestic and foreign currency exchange by individuals, in August 2008 the SAFE initiated a pilot implementation of domestic and foreign currency exchange business to individuals in the localities of Beijing and Shanghai. Building on the results of the pilot implementation, the SAFE recently expanded the range of this pilot implementation and perfected the Measures for the Administration of the Pilot Implementation of Domestic and Foreign Currency Exchange Franchise Business to Individuals. There are four aspects to this expansion: first, the range of the pilot implementation has been expanded to 13 provinces, municipalities, and autonomous regions including Beijing and Shanghai, as well as 4 cities specifically designated in the state plan; second, the number of franchise operations institutions has been increased, and cross-regional chains of franchise operations institutions via the establishment of branches in the pilot areas are encouraged; third, relevant exchange procedures have been streamlined, viz. for small amounts of exchange business under USD 500 for each transaction, after completing the relevant procedures, the operations institutions are allowed to append the transaction data to the information system for the administration of settlement and sales of foreign exchange to individuals; fourth, regulatory compliance and operational conveniences have been taken into account in the pilot implementation, and the requirements for supervision of franchise operations institutions have been clarified. The expansion is expected to further satisfy the demand for domestic and foreign currency exchange by individuals in foreign-related economically strong regions, international tourist hubs, as well as border/port regions (apart from Beijing and Shanghai). The move will also stimulate fair competition in the market of domestic and foreign currency exchange to individuals, make the most of the advantages of the franchise operations institutions with respect to their business hours, vast diversity of exchange currencies, as well as their operational flexibility, and will upgrade the overall level of Chinas domestic and foreign currency exchange services to individuals. 2009-12-23/en/2009/1223/910.html
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The State Administration of Foreign Exchange (SAFE) recently released on its official Web site (www.safe.gov.cn) foreign exchange statistical time-series data, marking the first time the administration has systematically arranged and disclosed such data. During recent years, in order to satisfy the increasing needs of foreign-related business development, the SAFE has worked out a series of foreign exchange statistical statements, such as China's Balance of Payments Statement, Chinas International Investment Position, the scale of foreign exchange reserves, the balance and structure of the external debt, and so forth, in line with international universal indicators and relevant technical standards, which are conducive to analyzing foreign-related economic situations and monitoring cross-border capital flows. Furthermore, the foreign exchange statistical data has received growing attention from the general public. In order to make better use of foreign exchange statistical data, facilitate the general publics comprehension, analysis, and use of the information, and to enhance the comprehensiveness, systematic nature, and transparency of these data, the SAFE has arranged and released eleven categories of data that were made public during the period from 1985 to 2009, including China's Balance of Payments Statement, China's International Investment Position, the scale of foreign exchange reserves, the conversion rates of various currencies against the USD, the mid-price of the RMB exchange rate, the balance and structure of the external debt, the structure and growth of China's long- and short-term external debt, China's external debt, the national economy and exchange revenue, examination and approval of the investment quota for QDII and QFII, and so forth. The corresponding explanations of the indicators and intervals for their release have also been publicized. After their release, the SAFE will regularly update the relevant statistical data and constantly improve its disclosure system for statistical information. 2009-12-23/en/2009/1223/912.html
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(News Release of the SAFE October 14, 2009) Beginning in April 2006, the SAFE implemented a nationwide system of information disclosure on (negative) foreign exchange violations, and at regular intervals has announced to the public information about cases of foreign exchange violations through open disclosures and public queries. To the present, the SAFE has announced information on over 600 enterprises that have committed foreign exchange violations and escaped punishment, thus effectively protecting the environment for normal operations and competitive order in the foreign exchange market. In order to coordinate with the 2009 nationwide activity of the Month of Advocating the Running of Business with Integrity,the SAFE again announced information on 110 enterprises that committed foreign exchange violations and escaped punishment, which had been discovered from foreign exchange administration and inspections since the third quarter of 2008. On the one hand, the disclosure of information on enterprises that escaped punishment reminds the society to pay attention to such illegal enterprises, in particular to take measures to avoid damages on compliant enterprises that carry out normal production and operations by their continuation of such illegal acts. On the other hand, the disclosure warns other foreign exchange-related subjects about their foreign exchange income and expenditure activities, thus enhancing the notion of honesty with respect to trade in foreign exchange income and expenditure, guiding foreign exchange-related subjects to self-regulate, and creating an honest, committed, and normative foreign exchange market environment. 2009-11-13/en/2009/1113/906.html
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In order to regulate the receipt and payment of donations in foreign exchange, the State Administration of Foreign Exchange (SAFE) has promulgated the Circular of the SAFE on Relevant Issues Concerning the Administration of Donations in Foreign Exchange by Domestic Institutions (hereinafter referred to as the Circular). The Circular shall enter into force as of March 1, 2010. The Circular includes the following main issues: (1) Different methods are adopted for administration according to the different characteristics of the domestic institutions in order to facilitate donations in foreign exchange by foundations, social organizations, and other domestic institutions engaging in public welfare undertakings, and to regulate the receipt and payment of donations between domestic enterprises and overseas entities with different characteristics; (2) The procedures for the receipt and payment of donations in foreign exchange by domestic institutions shall be standardized. It is specified that a separate foreign exchange account shall be opened for the receipt and payment of donations in foreign exchange by domestic institutions, through which all receipts and payments thereof shall be processed; and (3) The SAFE shall carry out off-site supervision of the receipt and payment of donations in foreign exchange by domestic institutions via its information system. Promulgation of the Circular will facilitate the procedures for domestic institutions to handle donations in foreign exchange and to standardize the receipt and payment of such donations, therefore promoting the prevention of cross-border flows of abnormal funds by way of donations. 2009-12-30/en/2009/1230/914.html
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1月4日，国家外汇管理局召开2021年全国外汇管理工作电视会议，深入学习贯彻党的十九届五中全会和中央经济工作会议精神，总结2020年外汇管理工作，分析当前外汇市场形势，研究部署2021年重点工作。国家外汇管理局党组书记、局长潘功胜作工作报告，局党组成员、副局长出席会议。 会议认为，2020年，面对新冠肺炎疫情的严重冲击和错综复杂的国际形势，外汇管理部门坚决贯彻落实党中央、国务院决策部署，结合疫情防控更加突出服务实体经济、推进改革开放和防范化解风险，全力做好“六稳”“六保”工作，维护了外汇市场平稳运行和国际收支基本平衡。一是统筹支持疫情防控和经济社会发展取得积极成效。快速反应建立防疫外汇“绿色通道”，有力支持了疫情早期进口防疫物资资金汇兑的需要。推出更多外汇便利化业务，支持贸易新业态发展，丰富跨境金融区块链服务平台应用场景，全力支持稳企业保就业，不断提升服务实体经济水平。二是外汇领域改革开放不断深化。扩大金融市场双向开放，取消合格境外机构投资者（QFII/RQFII）投资额度限制，简化境内证券期货投资资金管理，常态化发放合格境内机构投资者（QDII）额度。加快推进上海国际金融中心、粤港澳大湾区、海南自由贸易港和自由贸易试验区等外汇管理政策创新，服务好国家重大区域发展战略。深化“放管服”改革，提升外汇管理政务服务水平。三是有效阻隔外部冲击风险。持续打好外汇领域防范化解重大金融风险攻坚战，进一步完善外汇市场“宏观审慎+微观监管”两位一体管理框架，严厉打击外汇领域违法违规活动。加强政策应对和预期引导，维护外汇市场平稳运行。四是外汇储备经营管理水平稳步提升。外汇储备规模稳定在3.1万亿美元左右。五是推动全面从严治党向纵深发展。坚决贯彻落实习近平总书记重要指示批示和党中央重大决策部署，增强政治机关意识，把“两个维护”落实到履职全过程，驰而不息正风肃纪，建设高素质专业化外汇管理干部队伍。 会议强调，2021年是“十四五”规划的开局之年。外汇管理部门要以习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想为指导，全面贯彻党的十九大和十九届二中、三中、四中、五中全会精神，认真落实中央经济工作会议部署，增强“四个意识”、坚定“四个自信”、做到“两个维护”，坚持稳中求进工作总基调，立足新发展阶段、贯彻新发展理念、构建新发展格局，继续做好“六稳”工作、落实“六保”任务，更好统筹发展和安全，强化机遇意识、风险意识，以深化外汇领域改革开放激发新发展活力，改革完善与新发展格局下更高水平开放型经济新体制相适应的外汇管理体制机制，微观上着力提升贸易投资自由化便利化水平，宏观上有效维护国家经济金融安全，以优异成绩庆祝建党100周年。 会议部署了2021年外汇管理重点工作。一是防范跨境资本异常流动风险。加强外汇形势监测评估，密切关注疫情等外部冲击影响，引导金融机构和企业坚持风险中性原则，打击外汇投机行为，加强市场预期管理和宏观审慎管理，避免外汇市场无序波动。二是深化外汇领域改革开放。以金融市场双向开放为重点，稳妥有序推进资本项目开放。完善境外机构境内发行股票、债券资金管理，推进私募股权投资基金跨境投资试点，改革外债登记管理，促进跨境投融资便利化。扩大贸易外汇收支便利化试点，促进贸易新业态发展。建设开放多元、功能健全的外汇市场，支持金融机构推出更多适应市场需求的外汇衍生品。三是完善外汇市场“宏观审慎+微观监管”两位一体管理框架。以加强宏观审慎为核心改善跨境资本流动管理，以转变监管方式为核心完善外汇市场微观监管。完善以风险评估为导向的分类管理信用体系建设。加强非现场监管能力建设。以“零容忍”态度严厉打击地下钱庄、跨境赌博等外汇领域违法违规活动，维护外汇市场健康秩序。四是完善中国特色外汇储备经营管理。坚持市场化原则，前瞻性的做好战略配置，动态优化投资组合。保障外汇储备资产安全、流动和保值增值。五是夯实外汇管理基础工作。深入研究“十四五”时期外汇管理改革思路，推进“数字外管”和“安全外管”建设，完善国际收支统计体系，做好常态化疫情防控工作。六是全面提升党的建设质量。以政治建设为统领，坚决做到“两个维护”，积极创建“让党中央放心、让人民群众满意”模范机关，围绕庆祝建党100周年开展宣传教育活动，打造德才兼备的高素质专业化外汇管理干部队伍。 国家外汇管理局机关各部门、各单位副司级以上干部在北京主会场参加会议。各分局（外汇管理部）在各地分会场参加会议。（完） 2021-01-13/xiamen/2021/0113/1638.html
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2020年三季度，我国经常账户顺差6383亿元，资本和金融账户逆差3492亿元，其中，非储备性质的金融账户逆差2849亿元，储备资产增加642亿元。 2020年前三季度，我国经常账户顺差11836亿元，资本和金融账户逆差5160亿元，其中，非储备性质的金融账户逆差4903亿元，储备资产增加249亿元。 按SDR计值，2020年三季度，我国经常账户顺差656亿SDR，资本和金融账户逆差359亿SDR，其中，非储备性质的金融账户逆差293亿SDR，储备资产增加66亿SDR。 按SDR计值，2020年前三季度，我国经常账户顺差1211亿SDR，资本和金融账户逆差529亿SDR，其中，非储备性质的金融账户逆差508亿SDR，储备资产增加20亿SDR。 按美元计值，2020年三季度，我国经常账户顺差922亿美元，其中，货物贸易顺差1558亿美元，服务贸易逆差403亿美元，初次收入逆差261亿美元，二次收入顺差28亿美元。资本和金融账户逆差505亿美元，其中，资本账户逆差0.1亿美元，非储备性质的金融账户逆差412亿美元，储备资产增加93亿美元。 按美元计值，2020年前三季度，我国经常账户顺差1687亿美元，其中，货物贸易顺差3402亿美元，服务贸易逆差1168亿美元，初次收入逆差600亿美元，二次收入顺差53亿美元。资本和金融账户逆差738亿美元，其中，资本账户逆差1亿美元，非储备性质的金融账户逆差704亿美元，储备资产增加34亿美元。（完） 2020年三季度中国国际收支平衡表(概览表) 项 目 行次 亿元 亿美元 亿SDR 1. 经常账户 1 6,383 922 656 贷方 2 57,317 8,282 5,893 借方 3 -50,934 -7,360 -5,237 1.A 货物和服务 4 7,996 1,155 822 贷方 5 51,454 7,435 5,290 借方 6 -43,459 -6,280 -4,468 1.A.a 货物 7 10,784 1,558 1,109 贷方 8 47,482 6,861 4,882 借方 9 -36,698 -5,303 -3,773 1.A.b 服务 10 -2,788 -403 -287 贷方 11 3,972 574 408 借方 12 -6,761 -977 -695 1.B 初次收入 13 -1,805 -261 -186 贷方 14 5,197 751 534 借方 15 -7,002 -1,012 -720 1.C 二次收入 16 193 28 20 贷方 17 666 96 68 借方 18 -473 -68 -49 2. 资本和金融账户 19 -3,492 -505 -359 2.1 资本账户 20 -1 0 0 贷方 21 3 0 0 借方 22 -4 -1 0 2.2 金融账户 23 -3,491 -504 -359 资产 24 -15,417 -2,228 -1,585 负债 25 11,926 1,723 1,226 2.2.1 非储备性质的金融账户 26 -2,849 -412 -293 2.2.1.1 直接投资 27 1,736 251 178 资产 28 -2,287 -330 -235 负债 29 4,023 581 414 2.2.1.2 证券投资 30 3,039 439 312 资产 31 -2,468 -357 -254 负债 32 5,507 796 566 2.2.1.3 金融衍生工具 33 -160 -23 -16 资产 34 -92 -13 -9 负债 35 -67 -10 -7 2.2.1.4 其他投资 36 -7,464 -1,079 -767 资产 37 -9,928 -1,435 -1,021 负债 38 2,464 356 253 2.2.2 储备资产 39 -642 -93 -66 3.净误差与遗漏 40 -2,891 -418 -297 注： 1.根据《国际收支和国际投资头寸手册》（第六版）编制，资本和金融账户中包含储备资产。 2.“贷方”按正值列示，“借方”按负值列示，差额等于“贷方”加上“借方”。本表除标注“贷方”和“借方”的项目外，其他项目均指差额。 3.季度人民币计值的国际收支平衡表数据，由当季以美元计值的国际收支平衡表，通过当季人民币对美元季平均汇率中间价折算得到，季度累计的人民币计值的国际收支平衡表由单季人民币计值数据累加得到。 4.季度SDR计值的国际收支平衡表数据，由当季以美元计值的国际收支平衡表，通过当季SDR对美元季平均汇率折算得到，季度累计的SDR计值的国际收支平衡表由单季SDR计值数据累加得到。 5.本表计数采用四舍五入原则。 6.细项数据请参见国家外汇管理局国际互联网站“统计数据”栏目。 7.《国际收支平衡表》采用修订机制，最新数据以“统计数据”栏目中的数据为准。 2020年前三季度中国国际收支平衡表(概览表) 项 目 行次 亿元 亿美元 亿SDR 1. 经常账户 1 11,836 1,687 1,211 贷方 2 148,561 21,244 15,429 借方 3 -136,725 -19,557 -14,219 1.A 货物和服务 4 15,661 2,234 1,607 贷方 5 134,494 19,234 13,973 借方 6 -118,834 -17,000 -12,366 1.A.a 货物 7 23,823 3,402 2,459 贷方 8 122,772 17,558 12,753 借方 9 -98,950 -14,156 -10,294 1.A.b 服务 10 -8,162 -1,168 -852 贷方 11 11,722 1,676 1,220 借方 12 -19,884 -2,844 -2,072 1.B 初次收入 13 -4,194 -600 -434 贷方 14 12,182 1,741 1,261 借方 15 -16,375 -2,340 -1,695 1.C 二次收入 16 369 53 38 贷方 17 1,885 270 196 借方 18 -1,516 -217 -158 2. 资本和金融账户 19 -5,160 -738 -529 2.1 资本账户 20 -8 -1 -1 贷方 21 7 1 1 借方 22 -15 -2 -2 2.2 金融账户 23 -5,152 -737 -528 资产 24 -28,722 -4,113 -2,969 负债 25 23,570 3,376 2,441 2.2.1 非储备性质的金融账户 26 -4,903 -704 -508 2.2.1.1 直接投资 27 3,207 461 334 资产 28 -5,609 -802 -582 负债 29 8,816 1,263 916 2.2.1.2 证券投资 30 2,332 331 227 资产 31 -7,734 -1,108 -809 负债 32 10,066 1,439 1,036 2.2.1.3 金融衍生工具 33 -801 -114 -84 资产 34 -589 -84 -62 负债 35 -212 -30 -22 2.2.1.4 其他投资 36 -9,641 -1,382 -985 资产 37 -14,540 -2,086 -1,497 负债 38 4,899 704 512 2.2.2 储备资产 39 -249 -34 -20 3.净误差与遗漏 40 -6,676 -949 -682 注： 1.根据《国际收支和国际投资头寸手册》（第六版）编制，资本和金融账户中包含储备资产。 2.“贷方”按正值列示，“借方”按负值列示，差额等于“贷方”加上“借方”。本表除标注“贷方”和“借方”的项目外，其他项目均指差额。 3.季度人民币计值的国际收支平衡表数据，由当季以美元计值的国际收支平衡表，通过当季人民币对美元季平均汇率中间价折算得到，季度累计的人民币计值的国际收支平衡表由单季人民币计值数据累加得到。 4.季度SDR计值的国际收支平衡表数据，由当季以美元计值的国际收支平衡表，通过当季SDR对美元季平均汇率折算得到，季度累计的SDR计值的国际收支平衡表由单季SDR计值数据累加得到。 5.本表计数采用四舍五入原则。 6.细项数据请参见国家外汇管理局国际互联网站“统计数据”栏目。 7.《国际收支平衡表》采用修订机制，最新数据以“统计数据”栏目中的数据为准。 2020-12-31/xiamen/2020/1231/1627.html
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日前，国家外汇管理局发布《国家外汇管理局关于修订〈银行间外汇市场做市商指引〉的通知》（汇发﹝2021﹞1号，以下简称《指引》）。国家外汇管理局副局长、新闻发言人王春英就《指引》相关内容，回答了记者提问。 问：《指引》的修订背景是什么？ 答：作为2005年人民币汇率形成机制改革的一项重要配套措施，国家外汇管理局在银行间外汇市场建立做市商制度，此后适应市场发展需要，先后于2010年和2013年进行了修订完善。 目前，做市商已成为我国外汇市场的重要参与主体，对市场平稳运行发挥了积极作用。随着金融市场双向开放的不断推进，做市商制度也亟待进一步完善。因此，在充分调研和广泛征求意见的基础上，国家外汇管理局再次修订《指引》，着力提升市场报价质量和交易行为规范性，更好促进外汇市场有序发展。 问：此次《指引》修订主要包括哪些内容？ 答：此次《指引》修订主要遵循动态竞争、奖优罚劣、规模稳定、标准透明、公开公平的原则，修订主要内容包括： 一是优化做市商结构。发挥综合做市商优势，不再分产品设置做市商，鼓励做市商提高各产品综合交易和做市能力。 二是简政放权，下放尝试做市机构的准入退出管理至中国外汇交易中心，降低准入门槛，支持更多金融机构参与报价和提供流动性。 三是规范做市交易行为。加强对做市商日常监测、考核和评估，引导做市商减少对交易量的依赖，注重报价质量的提升和流动性的提供。 四是强调做市商责任。明确做市商应依法履行的义务，包括报价不得超过人民银行规定的银行间外汇市场交易汇价的浮动幅度、遵守外汇市场自律机制相关自律规范、积极引导客户树立汇率风险中性意识等，进一步强化做市商依法做市、服务实体经济的意识。 问：完善做市商制度对银行间外汇市场发展有什么影响？ 答：一是市场结构将更加合理。银行间外汇市场将在延续“做市商—尝试做市机构—普通机构”竞争性三级分层体系的基础上并实现结构优化。第一层为类型多样、做市能力较强的综合做市商。根据当前外汇市场发展情况，现阶段做市商数量暂定25家，未来将根据外汇市场发展情况进行适当调整。第二层为数量较多、比较活跃的分产品尝试做市机构。第三层为数量众多的普通机构。 二是市场流动性将更加充分。优化做市商结构、扩充做市力量、规范做市交易行为等措施的实施，将有利于进一步提升做市商报价质量和流动性供应水平。 国家外汇管理局关于修订《银行间外汇市场做市商指引》的通知 银行间外汇市场做市商指引 2021-01-15/xiamen/2021/0115/1641.html